Globalisation

KOF Index of globalisaion

The three dimensions of the KOF index are defined as:• economic globalization, characterized as long-distance flows of goods, capital and services, as well

as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges• political globalization, characterized by a diffusion of government policies• social globalization, expressed as the spread of ideas, information, images and people.

Task 1: watch each group presentations. Make notes about the description of the maps and how they ilustrate the concept of Globalisation.

Global core and periphery

Definitions

• Core - where there is a concentration of economic development. Resources, economic wealth, productivity, labour and political power are centralised in this favoured area (whether a city or a region).

Definitions

• Periphery - usually an area of low or declining economic development outside the core area. It is usually used for a region suffering from high unemployment, out migration and low living standards. The resource base may be poor or deteriorating.

Task 2:Describe the pattern shown by EACH of the following maps.

To describe a pattern remember to:a. describe the overall picture (use broad categories i.e Core, Semi Periphery and Periphery or compass points etc….)b. Give examples for each Core, Semi Periphery and Periphery countries. For this use the key where you can quote some figures and refer to the KOF index.c. Mention any anomalies. Areas which don’t fit what you said in a)

Economic globalization is characterized as long-distance flows of capital and services led by MEDCs.

Time space convergence

• Distance decay (frictional effect of distance)

• Improvements in transport

• Improvements in ICT

MAP 1

Financial flows

Financial flows

Economic globalisation is also characterized as long-distance flows of informal sources of capital from MEDCs to LEDCs

MAP 2

Value of remittances

Economic globalisation is characterized as long-distance flows of goods.

Consumer cultureMAP 3

Political globalisation is characterised by the diffusion of government policies.

International aid

MAP 4

Intenational aid as a percentage of GNI

Social globalisation is expressed as the spread of ideas, information, images and people.

Global telephone traffic

MAP 5

Extension and density of networks

MAP 6

The digital divide• The digital access index (DAI)• The DAI measures the overall ability

of individuals in a country to access and use ICT.

• It consists of five categories:• • infrastructure – combined fixed and

mobile teledensity• • affordability – internet access price

as a percentage of per capita GNI• • knowledge – represented by adult

literacy and combined enrolment up to tertiary schools

• • quality – represented by international internet bandwidth in bits per capita and percentage of broadband customers

• • usage by internet users per 100 population.

The digital divide• Radio took 38 years to reach its first

50 million users; television took 13 years and the internet just four years.

• • Over 75% of internet users come from rich countries, which account for just 14% of the world’s population.

• • In Thailand, 90% of internet users live in urban areas.

• • In Chile, 74% of internet users are under 35 years of age.

• • In Ethiopia, 86% of internet users are male.

• • In the UK, 30% of internet users have salaries of over $120,000.

• • In the UK, over 50% of internet users have degrees.

Cultural diffusionMAP 7

Cultural diffusionMAP 8

Migration and migration control

• The age of migration (volume, globalised, feminised, diversified)

• Migration control in the USA• Border crossing• Entry by sea ports• Fraudulent marriages• Slavery• Prostitution

Global core and periphery

Homogenization of urban landscape

Global core and periphery• World systems analysis• According to Wallerstein, the

capitalist world system has three main characteristics:

• • a global market• • many countries, which allow

political and economic competition

• • three tiers of countries.• Cycles of growth and stagnation

e.g. Kondratieff cycle.• Stagnation is important for the

restructuring of the world system and allows the semi-periphery to become involved in the development process.

TNCs

Essay

Discuss the spatial pattern of global interactions between the core areas (the focus of interaction i.e network hubs/nodes), the peripheries and areas relatively unaffected by these interactions.