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The Global Refugee Crisis, Region by Region
By PATRICK BOEHLER and SERGIO PEÇANHA UPDATED August 26, 2015
A look at hot spots in what the United Nations says hasbecome the worst migration crisis since World War II.
BALKANS
Tens of thousands of migrants and refugees are working their way north through the Balkans.
Afghan migrants waited after being detained by Hungarian police on Sunday in Asotthalom, after crossing the Serbia-Hungary border. Sergey Ponomarev for The New York Times
More than 40,000 people have crossed into Macedonia in the past two months.
Last weekend, 7,000 people moved on to Serbia, according to the United Nations.
PASSAGEWAY
Masses of migrants and refugees, many from Syria, Afghanistan and Kosovo, have been overwhelming border authorities in several Balkan countries as they try to reach Western Europe. The migrants travel in groups of just a few to dozens, moving north by bus, train, taxi or van. Serbian news media reported that some 70 buses of migrants entered the capital, Belgrade, on Sunday. Migrants in Macedonia told reporters that they were especially eager to move after Hungary said it planned to complete a fence along its 109-mile border with Serbia by Monday. PUBLISHED AUG. 26
Some Stops on the Western Balkan Migration Route 1Hungarian officials recorded 13 times as many illegal crossings from Serbia from January to July as the same time last year. 2Serbia’s capital is a major stopping point for migrants headed to Western Europe. 3Thousands of refugees remain at temporary camps in border towns. 4Macedonian police clashed with migrants here on Friday.
5The journey here from Istanbul costs about $1,900.
100 MilesHUNGARY
BudapestÁsotthalom
ROMANIARoszke
SuboticaBelgrade
BOSNIAAND
HERZ.SERBIA
BULGARIAKOSO.
PresevoMONT.
MACED.Gevgelija
ALBANIAThessaloniki
ITALY
GREECEAthens
MediterraneanSea
The New York Times|Source: International Organization for Migration
MIDDLE EAST
Syria’s neighbors have been making it harder for migrants to cross into their territories.
Kurdish women and children from Syria at a Turkish military checkpoint near Kobani, a Syrian town badly damaged by the war last year. Bryan Denton for The New York Times
About 12 million Syrians have been displaced, four million abroad, since 2011.
In Iraq, more than three million have been displaced since December 2013.
TAXING THE NEIGHBORS
Years of violence in Iraq and Syria have stretched the capacities of neighboring countries to accommodate the displaced. In Jordan, unemployment has almost doubled since 2011 in areas with high concentrations of refugees, according to a recent International Labor Organization study. Lebanon began to require visas from Syrians in January. Refugees now make up about 20 percent of Lebanon’s population. In March, Turkey announced it would close the two remaining border gates with Syria. UPDATED AUGUST 26
Syrian refugeesAs of August 25, 2015
TURKEY1.9 million
IRAN250,000SYRIA
7.6 millionLEBANON1.1 million
IRAQ3.1 million
Mediterranean SeaJORDAN629,000
EGYPT132,000
People displaced insidetheir home country
The New York Times|Sources: Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Thousands of Bangladeshis and Rohingya, an ethnic minority from Myanmar, have fled from
poverty and persecution.
Rohingya refugees from Myanmar at a temporary shelter in Bayeun, Indonesia, in late May.Sergey Ponomarev for The New York Times
25,000 boarded smugglers’ boats in the first quarter of this year.
The Rohingya are denied citizenship and basic rights in Myanmar.
FLEEING BY SEA
Indonesia and Malaysia, countries that in the past have quietly taken in many refugees from Bangladesh and Myanmar, first reacted to the new rise in migrants by vowing to send back smugglers’ boats. Facing public pressure, they reversed their stance in mid-May, saying they would provide shelter to migrants still at sea. An absence of landings and a paucity of sightings suggest that the flow has subsided. UPDATED JULY 1
BANGLADESHCHINA
300 MilesINDIA
MYANMARVIETNAM
Cox’s BazarKyauktaw
LAOSRAKHINE
STATEBay ofBengal
THAILANDMain
maritimeroutes
CAMBODIAAndaman
SeaGulf of
Thailand
IndianOcean
MALAYSIAINDONESIA
The New York Times|Source: International Organization for Migration
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
The European Union wants to stop smugglers near the African coast. European governments are
divided over the fates of those who reach shore.
Migrants caught in limbo at the Abu Salim detention center in Tripoli, Libya, in late April.Tyler Hicks/The New York Times
137,000 people migrated this year. 1,800 died in the sea.
Civil war in Libya has made human trafficking easier.
DIVISION OVER HOW TO RESPOND
In May, European leaders said they would form a naval force based in Italy to combat people-smuggling. The European Commission also appealed to the bloc’s member states to accept quotas of migrants to relieve the burden on southern states, like Italy and Greece, which are the main landing points. Poverty and war in places like Libya, South Sudan, Eritrea and Nigeria are driving migrants to make the perilous journey across the Mediterranean Sea. UPDATED JULY 1
ITALYEach circle represents an incident, sized by number dead or missing. Unfilled circles are reports that have only been partly verified.
GREECESICILYTURKEYTUNISIA
800Mediterranean Sea
TripoliBenghaziLIBYA
EGYPT200 MilesThe New York Times|Source: International Organization for Migration
EASTERN EUROPE
Fighting between Ukrainian troops and pro-Russian separatists has severely damaged
Ukraine’s industrial belt.
Displaced people at a camp in Donetsk in eastern Ukraine in August.Sergey Ponomarev for The New York Times
1.3 million displaced inside Ukraine.
867,000 Ukrainians have left the country, most to Russia.
CRIPPLED ECONOMY
Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have fled to Russia. But European Union countries, like Poland, Germany and Italy, which are among the top destinations for asylum seekers, have rejected most applications from Ukrainians. Less than a third of the $316 million needed in 2015 for the United Nations’ humanitarian response has been raised so far. The conflict was particularly damaging to Ukraine’s economy, which is expected to shrink 9 percent by the end of the year. UPDATED JULY 1
BELARUS
Internally displaced peopleAs of May 29, 2015
POLANDKIEV
94,500KHARKIVLUHANSKUKRAINEDONETSK
MOLDOVA486,000
ROMANIASea of Azov
RUSSIACRIMEADisputed
200 MilesBlack Sea
The New York Times|Source: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Sources: Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Organization for Migration
Additional work by Sarah Almukhtar, Wilson Andrews, Joe Burgess, K.K. Rebecca Lai, David Furst, Alison Smale and Derek Watkins.
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