GWMO

Global Waste Management Outlook September 2015

-ISWA World Congress 2015-

Christian Holzer

Surendra Shrestha

Gary Crawford Hermann Koller

Stanley Motsamai Damane

Johannes Frommann

Nadzri bin Yahaya

Carlos RV Silva Filho

Steering Committee

Raquel Lejtreger

Editorial Team

David Wilson Costas

Velis

Reka Soos

Ljiljana Rodic

Otto Simonett

Mona Iyer

Prasad Modak

Ainhoa Carpintero

Editorial Team

GWMO Outputs

Full Report Chap. Topic

1 Short introduction

2 Full introduction

3 Global Status

4 Waste Governance

5 Waste Management Financing

6 The Way Forward

Topic Sheets

Example cases and Case Studies

Summary for Decision

Makers

Flyer –

The GWMO at a Glance

2 pages 8 pages

GWMO Findings

Call to Action

GWMO Toolkit

Public health impacts of uncollected waste

Gastrointestinal and

respiratory infections, particularly in children

Blocked drains aggravate floods and spread infectious disease

Costs of inaction - 1

Environmental impacts of open dumping and

burning

Severe land pollution and freshwater, groundwater and sea pollution

Local air pollution and climate change

High Moon

Costs of inaction - 2

Data are scarce

But evidence is clear

Need to act now, rather than waiting

for ever for perfect information

Costs to society exceed the financial costs per capita of proper waste management by a factor of 5-10 ➢ Health care ➢ Lost productivity ➢ Flood damage ➢ Damage to businesses and

tourism

High Moon

Waste management is an essential utility service

Public health priority

Extend municipal solid waste

collection to 100% of the urban population

Environmental priority

Achieve 100% controlled disposal

Eliminate open dumping and burning

High Moon

Current status: collection coverage

2012 data for selected cities

Developing countries have made significant progress

since the 1990s, when average collection

coverage was around 50%

2 billion people

without access to solid waste collection

For details, see GWMO Figure 3.9 Data source: Wasteaware – University of Leeds

Col

lect

ion

cove

rage

(%)

Current status: controlled disposal

2012 data for selected cities

Developing countries have made significant progress

since the 1990s, when controlled disposal rates

were often 0%

3 billion people lack access to controlled waste disposal facilities

For details, see GWMO Figure 3.10

Data source: Wasteaware – University of Leeds

Benefits of waste management

Waste management has strong linkages to a range of other global challenges: e.g.

➢ climate change ➢ poverty reduction ➢ food and resource security ➢ sustainable consumption and

production.

Waste management is an integral part of the Post-2015

Development Agenda

Climate change - 1

So even for direct emissions the IPCC 2010 figure of 3%

is a gross underestimate

Diversion from disposal of biodegradable wastes prevents

emissions of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG)

IPCC estimated direct contribution of waste sector to GHG emissions at 3%

in 2010

But efforts to mitigate methane emissions from landfill date back to

1970s. E.g. changes from 1990 -2006 in Germany’s waste sector

reduced total GHG emissions by 5%

Photo: Natalia Reyna

Climate change - 2

Potential impact of improved waste

management on reducing GHG emissions across the economy: 15-20%

Reduction, reuse and recycling all displace virgin materials and

products, and the GHG emissions in their manufacture

FAO estimate that preventing the 1.3 billion tonnes per year of

edible food waste could reduce total worldwide greenhouse gas

emissions by 9%

Consider not only direct emissions

Photo: SLU

Linking waste management and good governance

A clean city is a successful city A healthy, pleasant and safe place to live A good place to do business and visit as a tourist Fosters a sense of community and belonging

Requires good governance

Enterprise and creating sustainable livelihoods

European employment in waste and resource management doubled 2000- 2010, to > 2 million

15-20 million informal waste workers worldwide Estimate of worldwide potential for new jobs in

the circular economy: 9 to 25 million

Significant potential for job creation:

‘Waste to wealth’ projects in Africa have demonstrated

that new waste services can be used as a catalyst for

sustainable livelihoods and economic development in

poor neighbourhoods of some of the world’s poorest cities

Photo: Marcus Wilson-Smith / Living Earth Foundation

GWMO Findings

Call to Action

GWMO Toolkit

What needs to be done?

Stop uncontrolled

dumping and burning

Focus on the

‘feedback loops’

Focus on

waste prevention

Bring hazardous

wastes under control

Ensure access for all to basic waste services

Deal with the hazardous substances in wastes

Tackle the problem at the source

Close a clean material cycle

Bring wastes under control

Move from a linear to a circular economy

•Extend affordable collection services to all in society, irrespective of income level

•Ensure the controlled disposal of all waste as a necessary first step towards environmental protection

How to do it?

A major focus of the GWMO is on the ‘governance’ factors required to make waste management happen in practice

A ‘toolkit’ has been developed to help select a suitable set of actions

The aim is to facilitate taking the next appropriate steps in developing (your

own) specific waste management system at the national or local level

Proactive policies

and Sound

institutions

Data revolution

Responsibilities and

Partnerships

Money matters

Money matters

• Know your costs and the revenues available

• Someone has to pay. Find the appropriate financing model and sources of funding for

investment. There is no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answer – each local situation is different

• Larger waste generators should pay the economic cost of sound management of their own

waste • Ensure disposal is priced: provides an incentive

for the 3Rs • Aim to increase cost recovery gradually –

support those who cannot afford to pay • Consider transferring (some) costs of

managing end-of-life products from the municipality to the ‘producer’

GWMO Findings

Call to Action

GWMO Toolkit

Waste management is a global as well as a national and a local issue. Addressing waste management as a global priority

will facilitate meeting the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The Global Waste Management Goals are already explicit or implicit

within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Post 2015 Development Agenda

Meeting the Global Waste Management Goals will contribute to meeting more than half of the SDGs.

Post 2015 Development Agenda

Short term actions to meet the 2020 goals

➢ Extend basic waste services to all. As an initial step: ❑ Achieve 100% collection coverage in cities with population

>1million ❑ Eliminate open burning ❑ Close large open dumps controlled disposal

Mobilize Overseas Development Assistance: 0.3 % 3.0% Support the least developed countries

Actions: international community

➢ Assist the poorest countries to extend access for all to waste services ➢ Establish/strengthen wide reaching capacity development programmes

in developing countries ➢ Hazardous wastes – finance both enforcement and ensuring the provision

of sound facilities within developing countries for their own waste ➢ Promote producer responsibility programmes to ensure that

international companies take their fair share of responsibility for waste management in developing countries.

Actions: Specific to developing economies

➢ Develop a holistic approach to managing all residuals. E.g. integrate sanitation and solid waste management services.

➢ Build on existing small-scale entrepreneurial recycling

systems while eliminating hazardous working practices

Meet the 2020 goals by extend basic waste services to all

Photo: I. Zabaleta

Actions: ALL National and City governments

➢Improve access to financing for sound waste management facilities and operations

➢Reduce waste at source. Engage citizens, industries and other

stakeholders ➢Improve substantially the availability and reliability of waste and resource management data

➢Use the governance ‘toolkit’ in the GWMO to help select the appropriate set of actions

All countries still have some way to go to meet the 2030 goals

Actions: You and Me

General public ➢ Take responsibility for your

own waste ➢ Present waste for collection as

instructed by the municipality ➢ Do not dump, litter or burn

waste

Business and industry ➢ Take responsibility

for waste and expect to pay the full economic

costs of sound management

Everyone ➢ Segregate waste at source and

keep materials separate to avoid contamination and make reuse

and recycling easier ➢ Save money and resources through

the 3Rs of reduce, reuse, and recycle

GWMO Trends

Concluding Remarks

GWMO Messages

Guidance on implementing actions

➢ National framework law for waste ➢ Waste prevention for developing countries ➢ Low-cost reuse and recycling technologies ➢ Minimum environmental / health & safety standards

for waste and recycling facilities ➢ Municipal SWM accounting & budgeting tool

Improve data

➢ Include waste and resource data within the ‘Data Revolution’

➢ Agreed protocols for collecting national and city waste data

➢ Test performance indicators

Follow-up to the GWMO – example recommendations

Regional Waste Management Outlooks

➢ More detailed focus on each World region ➢ Requested for Africa, Asia, Central Asia, Latin

America and the Caribbean (LAC) ➢ Also planned for Mountain Regions and Small Island

Developing States (SIDS)

Research to fill evidence gaps

➢ Effective approaches to financing SWM and infrastructure

➢ Economics of waste & decoupling ➢ Evidence linking waste and health ➢ Evidence on costs of inaction ➢ Achieving behaviour change

The global challenge we face

2-3 billion people still lack access to basic waste services

This is an urgent challenge which the World community must work

together to address

Photos: UN-Habitat; Natalia Reyna

But waste is still a challenge in developed countries

➢ Waste growth may have stabilized ➢ But waste per capita is still much

higher than other countries

We still have much to do to switch from a linear to a circular economy

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Web: www.unep.org/ietc

International Solid Waste Association (ISWA)

Auerspergstrasse 15/41, 1080 Vienna, Austria

Tel: +43 1 2536 001 Fax: +43 1 253 600199 E-mail: iswa@iswa.org Web: www.iswa.org

General Secretariat

International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)

Division of Industry, Technology and Economics, UNEP

Thank You for your attention!