global warming- india

8/3/2019 Global Warming- India

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Cycle of season

Though divided into different climatic zones, India seems to be unified by primarily four

seasons- Winter, Summer, Advancing Monsoon and Retreating Monsoon.

Winter: December to February is the

wintertime in almost all of India. At this

time of the year, days are cold with average

temperature of 10-150C, but it can drop

down to below 00C in some higher ranges of

northern India. Normally winters are dry in

northern India. In Southern part, the

temperature difference is not so marked due

to moderating effect of Indian Ocean, Bay of

Bengal and Arabian Sea.

Summer: March, April, May and June are the

summer months in India. It is a time period

when rays of the sun fall vertically on Indian

subcontinent. The average temperature is

around 32 c but in western region the

maximum temperature can be far above the

average. Hot wind, known, as 'Loo' is the

marked feature of summers in north India.

Advancing Monsoon: It is the time period when

India gets major part of its share of rain. Months

of June, July, August and September form the

core of Advancing Monsoon in almost all parts of

country. The monsoon approaches with moisture

laden winds, this sudden approach is marked with

violent thunderstorms and lightening, known as

'break' of the monsoon.



Retreating Monsoon: This season starts, when monsoon after

drenching all of India, begins to retreat. With the month of

September, rainfall began to decrease and as we approach

November, the monsoon is completely gone from major part of

India, except for Tamil Nadu and some other southern states, which

also receive rain from Western Disturbance.

In recent times, this cycle of season has been disturbed due to uncontrolled industrialization

and other developmental activities resulting in drastic changes in climate. This has lead to

climatic disasters such as Drought, Landslides Floods and Global Warming. The uncheckedcutting down of trees indirectly leads to landslide and drought. Annual Floods have become

part of life in many regions of India. It results in large-scale loss of life and property.

The phenomenon of Global Warming is mainly the result of air pollution. The polluting

industries and vehicles running endlessly on the roads emit hazardous gases such as Carbon

dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Methane etc. These gases produce 'Green

House' effect, which leads to Global Warming. It may lead to very serious climatic changes.

The increase in average temperature of earth is will result in melting down of the polar ice

and glaciers, which in turn will lead to increased ocean level. This rising ocean level maysubmerge many of today's existing islands and coastal cities.



Global Warming Impacts

Nevertheless, Indian authorities may

adjust their “development-versus-

climate protection” view. Recent

international reports on climate change,

such as the 2007 UN climate change

report, presented grim environmental

and economic scenarios for India if

climate change continues unabated.

Some impacts of global warming have already become visible in India. Monsoon rains have

become less predictable, glaciers are melting, more floods and droughts occur, and mangrove

forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. Public health, biodiversity, agriculturalproduction, access to drinking water, and even national security will be affected.

The effects of global warming on the Indian subcontinent vary from the submergence of low-

lying islands and coastal lands to the melting of glaciers in the Indian Himalayas, threatening

the volumetric flow rate of many of the most important rivers of India and South Asia. In

India, such effects are projected to impact millions of lives. As a result of ongoing climate

change, the climate of India has become increasingly volatile over the past several decades;

this trend is expected to continue.

Several effects of global warming, including steady sea level rise, increased cyclonic activity,and changes in ambient temperature and precipitation patterns, have affected or are projected

to affect India. Ongoing sea level rises have submerged several low-lying islands in the

Sundarbans, displacing thousands of people. Temperature rises on the Tibetan Plateau, which

are causing Himalayan glaciers to retreat.

Increased landslides and flooding are projected to have an impact upon states such as Assam.

Ecological disasters, such as a 1998 coral bleaching event that killed off more than 70% of

corals in the reef ecosystems off Lakshadweep and the Andamans, and was brought on by

Elevated Ocean temperatures tied to global warming, are also projected to become

increasingly common.

The first among the countries to be affected by severe climate change is Bangladesh. Its sea

level, temperature and evaporation are increasing, and the changes in precipitation and cross

boundary river flows are already beginning to cause drainage congestion. There is a reduction

in fresh water availability, disturbance of morphologic processes and a higher intensity of

f looding and other such disasters. Bangladesh only contributes 0.1% of the world’s emissions

yet it has 2.4% of the world’s population. In contrast, the United States makes up about 5

percent of the world's population, yet they produce approximately 25 percent of the pollution

that causes global warming.



Causes of global warming

Almost 100% of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to the

increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapour, carbon

dioxide (CO2), methane and ozone. Greenhouse gases are those gases that contribute to the

greenhouse effect . The largest contributing source of greenhouse gas is the burning of fossil

fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide.

Cause for global warming: Carbon dioxide emissions in million tons per year over the

last 200 years.

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (see above) act like a mirror and reflect back to the Earth

a part of the heat radiation, which would otherwise be lost to space. The higher the

concentration of green house gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the more heat

energy is being reflected back to the Earth. The emission of carbon dioxide into the

environment mainly from burning of fossil fuels (oil, gas, petrol, kerosene, etc.) has been

increased dramatically over the past 50 years, see graph below.

As said, the major cause of global warming is the

emission of green house gases like carbon dioxide,

methane, nitrous oxide etc into the atmosphere. The

major source of carbon dioxide is the power plants.

These power plants emit large amounts of carbon

dioxide produced from burning of fossil fuels for the



purpose of electricity generation. About twenty percent of carbon dioxide emitted in the

atmosphere comes from burning of gasoline in the engines of the vehicles. This is true for

most of the developed countries. Buildings, both commercial and residential represent a

larger source of global warming pollution than cars and trucks.

Building of these structures require a lot of fuel to be burnt which emits a large amount of

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Methane is more than 20 times as effectual as CO2 at

entrapping heat in the atmosphere. Methane is obtained from resources such as rice

paddies, bovine flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel manufacture. When fields are

flooded, anaerobic situation build up and the organic matter in the soil decays, releasing

methane to the atmosphere. The main sources of nitrous oxide include nylon and nitric

acid production, cars with catalytic converters, the use of fertilizers in agriculture and the

burning of organic matter. Another cause of global warming is deforestation that is caused

by cutting and burning of forests for the purpose of residence and industrialization.



Prevention for Global Warming

Global warming refers to the Earth’s air and oceans gradually heating up to a point that

disrupts balance, a problem that is continually getting worse. It sounds like a problem too

massive for any one individual to take on, but it really isn’t. Combining a ny few of thesesuggestions can make more of a dramatic effect than most people understand. The goal is to

emit less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

1. Drive less. Take bikes, walk or carpool whenever possible.

2. Consider investing in a hybrid or electric vehicle to help prevent against further global

warming.

3. Replace all the lightbulbs in and around your home with energy-efficient fluorescents

that use fewer watts for the same amount of light.

4. Clean or replace your filters monthly.

5. Choose energy-efficient appliances when it's time to buy new ones.

6. Decrease your air travel.

7. Wash clothes in cold water and line-dry whenever possible.

8. Use a low-flow showerhead, which will lessen the hot water used but not drop your

water pressure in the shower.

9. Cut down on your garbage — buy fewer packaged materials to prevent further global

warming.

10. Unplug electronics when they are not in use, because they still take up energy. At the

very least, turn items off when they’re not being used.

11. Run the dishwasher and clothes washer only when you have a full load, and if

available, use the energy-saving setting.

12. Insulate your home better, and don’t forget to repair or replace worn caulking or

weather-stripping. Insulate your water heater.

13. Buy recycled paper products and recycle as much of your waste as possible.

14. Bring your own reusable canvas grocery bags when grocery shopping.



15. Plant a tree.

16. Have an energy audit done on your home so you can find the trouble areas and fix

them.

17. Use nontoxic cleaning products.

18. Shop locally for food. A farmer’s market is an excellent place to visit. And choose

fresh food over frozen foods. Fresh takes less energy to produce.

19. Keep your car tuned up, and check tire pressure often to save gas.

20. Eat less meat and more organic foods in your diet to do your part in preventing global

warming.

global warming- india

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