global warming

93

Upload: sudarshansk

Post on 02-Jul-2015

1.519 views

Category:

Education


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Global warming
Page 2: Global warming

Acknowledgement:

Information and pictorial illustrations to create this work have been drawn from class notes, prescribed text books and various internet resources. The author gratefully acknowledges the same. Any objections to the use of internet resources may please be indicated to [email protected] so that the same can be removed from the illustrations used in this file.

This presentation is created with the sole intention of benefitting a large number of student community. This may not be used for any commercial purpose.

Page 3: Global warming

Contents :

About Global Warming

Causes of Global Warming

Effects of Global Warming

Facts of Global warming

Prevention of Global Warming

Some Interesting Pictures

Page 4: Global warming

About Global Warming

Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

Page 5: Global warming

According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment

Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on

Climate Change (IPCC), global surface

temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C

(1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 20th century.

Page 6: Global warming

Most of the observed temperature

increase since the middle of the 20th

century has been caused by increasing

concentrations of greenhouse gases,

which result from human activity such as

the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation.

Page 7: Global warming

Global dimming, a result of increasing

concentrations of atmospheric aerosols

that block sunlight from reaching the

surface, has partially countered the effects

of warming induced by greenhouse gases.

Page 8: Global warming

Climate model projections summarized in

the latest IPCC report indicate that the

global surface temperature is likely to rise

a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F)

during the 21st century.

Page 9: Global warming

• The uncertainty in this estimate arises

from the use of models with differing

sensitivity to greenhouse gas

concentrations and the use of differing

estimates of future greenhouse gas

emissions.

Page 10: Global warming

►An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts.

Page 11: Global warming

►Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice.

Page 12: Global warming

Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields.

Page 13: Global warming

Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional variations is uncertain.

Page 14: Global warming

As a result of contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the oceans have become more acidic, a result that is predicted to continue.

Page 15: Global warming

The scientific consensus is that anthropogenic global warming is occurring.

Page 16: Global warming

Nevertheless, political and public debate continues.

Page 17: Global warming

The Kyoto Protocol is aimed at stabilizing

greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a

"dangerous anthropogenic interference".

Page 18: Global warming

As of November 2009, 187 states had signed

and ratified the protocol.

Page 19: Global warming

Causes of Global Warming

Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming.

Page 20: Global warming

They've looked at the natural cycles and

events that are known to influence climate.

Page 21: Global warming

But the amount and pattern of warming

that's been measured can't be explained

by these factors alone.

Page 22: Global warming

The only way to explain the pattern is to

include the effect of greenhouse gases

(GHGs) emitted by humans.

Page 23: Global warming

To bring all this information together, the

United Nations formed a group of

scientists called the International Panel on

Climate Change, or IPCC.

Page 24: Global warming

• The IPCC meets every few years to review

the latest scientific findings and write a

report summarizing all that is known about

global warming.

Page 25: Global warming

►Each report represents a consensus, or agreement, among hundreds of leading scientists.

Page 26: Global warming

►One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and humans emit them in a variety of ways.

Page 27: Global warming

Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide.

Page 28: Global warming

Other contributors include methane released from landfills and agriculture, nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of forests that would otherwise store CO2.

Page 29: Global warming

Different greenhouse gases have very different heat-trapping abilities.

Page 30: Global warming

Some of them can even trap more heat than CO2.

Page 31: Global warming

A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2.

Page 32: Global warming

Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than

CO2.

Page 33: Global warming

Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons

(CFC’s) have heat-trapping potential thousands

of times greater than CO2.

Page 34: Global warming

But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does.

Page 35: Global warming

In order to understand the effects of all the

gases together, scientists tend to talk

about all greenhouse gases in terms of the

equivalent amount of CO2.

Page 36: Global warming

Since 1990, yearly emissions have gone

up by about 6 billion metric tons of "carbon

dioxide equivalent" worldwide, more than a

20% increase.

Page 37: Global warming

Effects of Global Warming

The planet is warming, from North Pole to

South Pole, and everywhere in between.

Page 38: Global warming

Globally, the mercury is already up more

than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree

Celsius), and even more in sensitive polar

regions.

Page 39: Global warming

• And the effects of rising temperatures

aren’t waiting for some far-flung future.

Page 40: Global warming

►They’re happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them are surprising.

Page 41: Global warming

►The heat is not only melting glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting animals on the move.

Page 42: Global warming

Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening.

Page 43: Global warming

Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles.

Page 44: Global warming

This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.

Page 45: Global warming

Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adeline penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years.

Page 46: Global warming

Sea level rise became faster over the last century. Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved farther north or to higher, cooler areas.

Page 47: Global warming

Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased

across the globe, on average.

Page 48: Global warming

Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska

thanks to 20 years of warm summers.

Page 49: Global warming

The insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees. Other effects could happen later this century, if warming continues.

Page 50: Global warming

Sea levels are expected to rise between 7

and 23 inches (18 and 59 centimeters) by

the end of the century, and continued

melting at the poles could add between 4

and 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters).

Page 51: Global warming

Hurricanes and other storms are likely to

become stronger.

Page 52: Global warming

Species that depend on one another may

become out of sync. For example, plants

could bloom earlier than their pollinating

insects become active.

Page 53: Global warming

Floods and droughts will become more

common. Rainfall in Ethiopia, where

droughts are already common, could

decline by 10 percent over the next 50

years.

Page 54: Global warming

Less fresh water will be available.

Page 55: Global warming

• If the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru continues

to melt at its current rate, it will be gone by

2100, leaving thousands of people who

rely on it for drinking water and electricity

without a source of either.

Page 56: Global warming

►Some diseases will spread, such as malaria carried by mosquitoes.

Page 57: Global warming

►Ecosystems will change—some species will move farther north or become more successful; others won’t be able to move and could become extinct.

Page 58: Global warming

Wildlife research scientist Martin Obbard has found that since the mid-1980s, with less ice on which to live and fish for food, polar bears have gotten considerably skinnier.

Page 59: Global warming

Polar bear biologist Ian Stirling has found a similar pattern in Hudson Bay. He fears that if sea ice disappears, the polar bears will as well.

Page 60: Global warming

Facts of Global Warming

Climate change is observed worldwide. Average temperature of earth has increased by 0.8 degrees since last 100 years.

Page 61: Global warming

Higher levels of CO2 have caused ocean acidification.

Page 62: Global warming

Most of the densely populated Low lying coastal regions are more vulnerable to climate shifts.

Page 63: Global warming

Winter of 2003-2004 was the 33rd coldest in the

North Eastern America since the records began

in 1896.

Page 64: Global warming

Prevention of Global Warming

Drive less. Take bikes, walk or carpool

whenever possible.

Page 65: Global warming

Consider investing in a hybrid or electric vehicle to help prevent against further global warming.

Page 66: Global warming

Replace all the light bulbs in and around

your home with energy-efficient

fluorescents that use fewer watts for the

same amount of light.

Page 67: Global warming

Clean or replace your filters monthly.

Page 68: Global warming

Choose energy-efficient appliances when

it's time to buy a new one.

Page 69: Global warming

• Decrease your air travel.

Page 70: Global warming

►Wash clothes in cold water and line-dry whenever possible.

Page 71: Global warming

►Use a low-flow showerhead, which will lessen the hot water used but not drop your water pressure in the shower.

Page 72: Global warming

Cut down on your garbage—buy fewer packaged materials to prevent further global warming.

Page 73: Global warming

Unplug electronics when they are not in use, because they still take up energy. At the very least, turn items off when they’re not being used.

Page 74: Global warming

Run the dishwasher and clothes washer only when you have a full load, and if available, use the energy-saving setting.

Page 75: Global warming

Insulate your home better, and don’t forget to repair or replace worn caulking or weather-stripping. Insulate your water heater.

Page 76: Global warming

Buy recycled paper products and recycle as much of your waste as possible.

Page 77: Global warming

Bring your own reusable canvas grocery bags

when grocery shopping.

Page 78: Global warming

Plant a tree.

Page 79: Global warming

Have an energy audit done on your home so you can find the trouble areas and fix them.

Page 80: Global warming

Use nontoxic cleaning products.

Page 81: Global warming

Shop locally for food. A farmer’s market is

an excellent place to visit. And choose

fresh food over frozen foods. Fresh takes

less energy to produce.

Page 82: Global warming

Keep your car tuned up, and check tire

pressure often to save gas.

Page 83: Global warming

Eat less meat and more organic foods in

your diet to do your part in preventing

global warming.

Page 84: Global warming

Some Interesting Pictures

Page 85: Global warming
Page 86: Global warming
Page 87: Global warming
Page 88: Global warming
Page 89: Global warming
Page 90: Global warming
Page 91: Global warming
Page 92: Global warming
Page 93: Global warming

Thank You !!!

Compiled by :

Sudarshan.S.K.

Mail Your Feedback and Suggestions for

Improvement To :

[email protected]