global struggles unit 7 1941 - 1960. america and world war ii the early battles chapter 21 section 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Global Struggles
Unit 71941 - 1960
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America and World War II
The Early BattlesChapter 21 Section 2
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• American aircraft carriers were out at sea during the attack on Pearl Harbor
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• The Fall of the Philippines – After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor they
turned their attention to the Philippines– General Douglas MacArthur
• In charge of American Forces
– Troops ate horses and mules and the conditions were primitive
– Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to leave• MacArthur – “I came through, and I shall
return.”
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• The Fall of the Philippines– The people remaining on the Bataan
Peninsula were forced to become prisoners of the Japanese• Marched 65 miles to a Japanese Prison Camp• Bataan Death March – ten thousand troops
died on the march
– Philippines finally surrendered to the Japanese
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• The Doolittle Raid on Tokyo– Roosevelt wanted to bomb Tokyo but
American planes could not reach it unless on an airplane carrier
– Idea• Put B-25 bombers on the carriers and they
would be able to reach Tokyo but. . . • The B-25 Bombers cannot land on the
aircraft carriers• Never Fear – There is a solution
– After bombing Japan the American B-25s will land in China
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• Japan Changes Strategy – Admiral Yamamoto wants to attack
Midway Island • Would lure the American fleet out in the
Pacific and he would be able to destroy the fleet
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• The Battle of the Coral Sea– The Japanese wanted to attack New
Guinea because it would cut off America’s supply lines
– America sent two carriers to stop the Japanese
– Both sides launched an all out airstrike – New Guinea is able to remain free from
the Japanese
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Holding the Line Against Japan
• The Battle of Midway– Americans had already learned of
Japan’s plan to attack Midway – The Japanese fleet ran into an ambush – Admiral Yamamoto was forced to retreat – Battle of Midway is seen as the turning
point in the Pacific for Americans• 362 Americans killed• 3,057 Japanese killed
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Stopping the Germans
• The Soviet Union was begging Roosevelt to send troops to Europe
• Great Britain (Churchill) wanted to attack the periphery or the edges of the German Empire
• Roosevelt agreed with Churchill and he ordered the invasion of Morocco and Algeria
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Stopping the Germans
• The Struggle for North Africa– Invade Morocco and Algeria for two
reasons• Invasion would give the army some
experience without a lot of troops• Once American troops were in North Africa
they could help the British fight the Germans
– General Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox”• Commanded the German Forces
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Stopping the Germans
• The Struggle for North Africa– The British forced Rommel to retreat – American General Dwight D Eisenhower planned
to trap Rommel between two allied forces • American troops won their land and advanced into
Tunisia while the British headed west
– In Tunisia the American Forces finally faced the German Army for the first time and did HORRIBLE• Americans were outmaneuvered and outfought
– The British and the Americans troops together were able to push the German troops out of North Africa
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Stopping the Germans
• The Battle of the Atlantic – After Germany declared war on the
United States German Submarines entered American coastal waters
– Cargo ships were easy targets• Cities on the east coast dimmed their lights • People put up black out curtains• Drive without their headlights on
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Stopping the Germans
• The Battle of the Atlantic – Because of the large number of ships
that were sunk oil had to be rationed • Government built the first long distance
pipeline from Texas to Pennsylvania
– Convoy System is back in action– American airplanes and warships began
using new technology • Radar, sonar, depth charges
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Stopping the Germans
• The Battle of Stalingrad– Hitler ordered the German army to attack
the Soviet Union • Capture strategic oil fields, factories, and
farmlands and Stalingrad
– Stalingrad• If the Germans captured Stalingrad then the
Soviet Union would loose their resources• Stalin ordered his men to hold the city – Retreat
was Forbidden• Germans fought from one place to the next but
they were not equipped for the cold weather
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Stopping the Germans
• The Battle of Stalingrad – Both sides lost about half a million
soldiers each – The Soviet Union managed to hold onto
Stalingrad and push the Germans back• The Battle of Stalingrad is seen as the
turning point in the European Theater