Global perspective on Prevention Sciencein a Changing World

EU‐SPR Conference, October 2016, Berlin

PresentersMoshe Israelashvili, Tel Aviv University, Israel

A differential perspective on Global Prevention Science 

Maria Rosaria Galanti, Department of Public Health Sciences, KarolinskaInstitutet, Sweden

Evaluation of Complex preventive Interventions 

Amador Calafat, European Institute of Studies on Prevention (IREFREA), Spain

Prevention in the context of Recreational Nightlife: Where  we are? 

Petra Buchwald, Bergische University of Wuppertal, Germany

Stress Prevention among German Teachers

Moshe Israelashvili, Tel Aviv University, Israel & John L. Romano, The University of Minnesota (Emeritus), USA

Global Prevention Science: A Call for Action

A differential perspective on Global Prevention Science 

The emergence of Prevention as a Science • Paying homage to Inter‐disciplinary approach • The adoption of a rigorous methodology• The incorporation of socio‐political concerns as a legitimate component in prevention efforts

• The dominant focus on utility and economy• Realization of the multi‐facet nature of prevention/promotion

• Attention and consideration to social justice• Growing [yet limited] awareness to cultural differences and the need for cultural adaptation

• ….Globalization…? Importance of Global Prevention Science (as demonstrated) with global data and research

JR5

Slide 4

JR5 I added. Not sure if you wanted more here with ? jroman001, 13/10/2016

The Cambridge Handbook of International Prevention Science

Moshe Israelashvili, Tel Aviv University (Israel)& John L. Romano, University of Minnesota (USA)

(Editors)The emergence of prevention scienceEssence of Prevention 

• Foundations of Prevention Science• Methodology• Implementation• Expansion

Globalization and Prevention Science:• Asia• North and South America• Europe• Africa and the Middle East

Future of Prevention ScienceLibrary of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: ISBN 978-1-107-08797-2 Hardback ISBN 978-1-107-458321 Paperback

Essence of Prevention Foundations of Prevention Science: 

• Policy development 

• Economics 

• Ethics 

• Evidence‐Based Translation from Experimental to Community 

• Multicultural and Social Justice

Methodology: 

• International Standards 

• Outcome Evaluation 

• Statistical Applications

Implementation: 

• Prevention and Recreational Nightlife 

• Prevention and Career Management 

• Family‐based Prevention 

• Preventing Violence and Victimization among minority & immigrant youth 

• Early Intervention for Anti‐Social Children 

• Prevention and School Counseling 

• Prevention in Early Childhood 

• Prevention and International Students

• Adolescent At‐Risk Behaviors and Positive Youth Development

Expansion: 

• Anxiety sensitivity and prevention of psychopathology 

• Prevention in Context of Cross Cultural Neuroscience

• Reducing Impact of Disasters 

• Forgiveness and Prevention of Poor Health.

Globalization and Prevention Science

Internet Addiction in Korea Early Childhood and Prevention in Singapore Illegal Substance Abuse in Bhutan Promoting Coping Skills in Australia Preventing Drug Abuse in Hong Kong Suicide Prevention in India Prevention Psychology in Thailand Preventing school shootings: American and European Perspective Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in the USA Alcohol and Drug Prevention in Latin America Adolescent Prevention Programs in Mexico Evidence-based Prevention Programs in Croatia Stress Prevention among German Teachers Prevention and Schools in Italy Evidence-based family drug prevention in Spain Preventing Youth Risk Behaviors through Positive Relationships in Poland Positive Parenting in Spain HIV/AIDS in Swaziland: Sigma, Blame, Shame Government Support of Prevention in Israel Preventing HIV/AIDS in Botswana

…Egypt

Ghana

South Africa 

Switzerland 

The 

Netherlands

?

…including some elaboration on the Economic, Social, and Cultural Make‐up of each nation..

Korean insight into internet addictionCheung Moon Cho (2016). South Korea’s Efforts to Prevent Internet Addiction. Chapter 23

• Is there Internet addiction?• Assuming that the rate of internet addiction is 1.5% ‐should we intervene ?

• The Second Master Plan identified six policy domains:  Compulsory  Prevention Training  Healing  Aid  Evaluation   Governance Environment

Divergent (?) challenges of HIV prevention• Mexico: Male adolescents’ need to show masculinity

Pick, S. et al. (2016). Effectiveness of Brief Prevention Programs for Adolescents in Mexico. Chapter 32

• Botswana: Adult males’ need to gain social statusStockton, R. et al. (2016). Preventing the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. Chapter 42

• Swaziland: Stigma, Blame, and ShameAkande A. et al. (2016). An Investigation of HIV/AIDS‐Related Stigma, Blame, and Shame in Swaziland. Chapter 40

• India: Shame leads to suicidal behaviorSolomon R. et al. (2016). Suicidal Behavior and Its Prevention in India. Chapter 28

• What is the role of shame in the development of risk behaviors ?

• What is the role of forgiveness in the prevention of risk behaviors ?

• Worthington, E. I. et al. (2016). Forgiveness Interventions and the Prevention of Poor Health, Hostile Relationships, Societal Hatred and Violence.  Chapter 22

Happiness

Bhutan

Dolkar, T. (2016). Prevention of Illegal Substance Use and Abuse in Bhutan. Chapter 25

What energizes substance abuse ?• Bhutan: Foreign visitors

• Poland: The transition from socialism to capitalism 

• Hong Kong: cross‐border substance abuse (from China)

• Israel: (cross‐border) Terror

Questions: (1) What are the “local forces” (e.g., social norms, local social media,

unemployment) and the “imported forces” (e.g., tourism, global social media,

terror) that shape the establishment of a given (i.e., local) preventive

intervention?

(2) What constitutes a culture of prevention?

What lessons emerge from the Dutch and the Swiss experience with “substance tourism”?

vs.

Statistics Netherlands: Illegal activities increased from 1,800 million euro in 1995 to 3,500 million euro in 2008..[however, out of which] 

Drugs accounted for 50% in 2001 but down to 40% in 2008

How to outline “A unified territory for Prevention”?

“Today it is clear that no literal translation of prevention programs can be implemented directly from one LA country to another. Programs must be adapted to the local context”. 

Example: The case of Latin AmericaPérez‐Gómez, A. et al. (2016). The Evolution of Alcohol and Drug Prevention Strategies in Latin America. 

Chapter  32

Large differences within and between LA countries, e.g.,

• Culture: Traditions, beliefs, customs, artistic expressions, and values

• Language: About ¾ speaks Spanish and the rest speaks Portuguese

• Socio-economic conditions and education: significantly differ

• Political systems: Most governments have adopted democracy however political

polarization exists and affects prevention-related decisions

• Investment: Only Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Chile and Uruguay have policies

allowing continuous investment in prevention, others lack long-term planning.

Global Prevention Science: A Call for Action

(Past) Barriers to the emergence of Prevention Science Globally

(partial list)

• Human nature • Political differences• Daily Hassles & Conflicting Values • Limited budgets • Simplistic research designs• Lack of knowledge about major problems • Pathologization• (Current) “Western” knowledge

Major global impressions• Prevention activities are taking place in many countries.• Across the globe there is acceptance of the idea that prevention and health/wellness promotion are complementary terms.

• The educational systems are one of the major contexts where prevention efforts are taking place.

• The family is a context to implement prevention. Increasing importance is given to effective parenting, both to prevent problems as well as to enhance health and WB.   

• It is widely accepted that prevention programs should be comprehensive, i.e., address the person, the family, the community (e. g. school) and engage government and political entities to support prevention.

JR16

Slide 18

JR16 Maybe mention early childhood educ programs, and you can mention Temples/Reynolds paper on cost effectiveness of early preschool educ. jroman001, 13/10/2016

Major global impressions (cont.)• There is wide agreement that cultural adaptation is crucial, no matter how much evidence a prevention program has already received in other countries/cultural contexts.

• There is a growing tendency to develop and implement local prevention programs, even though there is have little or no evidence to support their effectiveness. 

• In most countries, central governmental contributions to prevention are limited. Most often prevention interventions are supported and implemented by local administration, educational institutions, and NGOs.

• Democracy "invades" into prevention; i.e., prevention programs are developed while taking into account both financial and political realities alongside matters of social justice and ethics.    

Global Challenges• Moving forward into low-income countries

• Integrating new developments (e.g., Epigenetic; Brain)

• Addressing ethics and social justice

• Encountering the changing modern family

• Sophisticated culturally-oriented evidence-based programs

• Encouragement to local prevention efforts

• Pursuing a generic knowledge on prevention

• Improving funding and prevention personnel

• Training of prevention specialists

• Establishing formal protocols for cultural adaptation (content; scales;

dissemination)

• Formalization of Global Standards and Guidelines for prevention

• Encouraging regional collaboration, partnerships and global research• Provide a forum for sharing regional expertise and explore collaborations: A

call for Action