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Global Perspecti e on Base Oil Global Perspective on Base Oil Quality and How it Affects L b i t S ifi tiLubricants Specifications

Global Perspective on Lubricant Specifications and How it Affects Base Oil Quality

Detroit Advisory Panel Forum

J h R bJohn RosenbaumChevron Global Base Oils

1

Global Drivers for the Future Global Drivers for the Future

Fuel Economy

Wear Protection EconomyProtection

Complexity Reduction

© 2010 Chevron Products Company, San Ramon, Ca.

As Base Oil Quality Improved; So Did Its Contribution to Lubricant PerformanceContribution to Lubricant Performance

Contribution to Extended Drain Performance

•Stable

• Inert

Base Oil

•Sets minimum

viscosity for

fi i h d l b i tBase Oil finished lubricants

Additives

1995 2000 2010 20152005

Specifications Advance

© 2010 Chevron Products Company, San Ramon, Ca. 3

Specifications Advance

Hydrocracking Produces A Continuum of Highly Pure Base OilsA Continuum of Highly Pure Base Oils

G II G II+ Group IIIGroup IE i l

Relative Hydrocracking Severity

Group II Group II+ Group IIIEquivalent


Isodewaxing and Hydrofinishing Improve Purity FurtherImprove Purity Further

V %

100

lecu

les,

LV

80

Molec les Con e ted in P od ct St eam

f Feed

Mo

l

60

40

Molecules Converted in Product Stream:Isoparaffins Plus Stabilized Naphthenes

Aromatics

Naphthenes nvers

ion

o

20

ISODEWAXING HYDROFINISHING

p

n-Paraffins Co

n

0

ISODEWAXINGParaffins Iso-paraffins Aromatics Iso-naphthenes

HYDROFINISHING


Source: Chevron

New Specifications Influenced by Supply New Group III Plants Dominate NewsNew Group III Plants Dominate News

30Pearl

BDPD

25

Pearl

Pascagoula

15

20

Group IIIGroup IIGroup IIIGroup IIGroup III

10

15 Group IIIGroup II/IIIGroup IIIGroup II/IIIGroup IIIGroup II/III

5

10

0

2005 2010 2015 2020


2005 2010 2015 2020Data from Lubes’N’Greases

Group II Capacity Growth is Largerp p y g

80 0 73 6MBPD

60 0

80.0

62.5

73.6

40.0

60.0

20.0

0.0

Group III

Group II


HDMO Low SAPS Requirements Covered By Group II/II+ Base OilsCovered By Group II/II+ Base Oils

19s

17

% W

t Lo

ss

13

15

ati

lity

, %

CJ-4/E910W 305W-30

11

oack

Vo

la

Group I

15W-4010W-3010W-405W-40

7

9

ase

Oil N

o

Group IIGroup II+

G III5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Ba Group III


Base Oil CCS (cP at -20°C)

Fuel Economy Driving PCMO toLight Viscosity Synthetic Base Oils

20

Light Viscosity Synthetic Base Oilss

16

18

% W

t Lo

ss

GF-5

12

14

ati

lity

, %

Group II+5W-205W-30

0W-200W-30

8

10

oack

Vo

la

Group IIIdexos 1

4

6

ase

Oil N

o

PAO

dexos 1 & MB 229.3

2

4

500 800 1100 1400 1700 2000 2300 2600 2900 3200 3500

Ba

GTL


Base Oil CCS (cP at -30°C)

PCMO vs HDMO – Torque vs PowerFuel Economy vs Engine ProtectionFuel Economy vs Engine Protection

2500700

2000

500

600

1500400

500

wer

, kW

Torq

ue

1000300Powe, N

mLarge CI engine powerLarge CI engine torque

500100

200Small SI engine powerS ll SI i

00

100 Small SI engine torque


0 2000 4000 6000 8000Engine Speed, rpm

PCMO GF-5Requires Better Fuel Economy than GF-4Requires Better Fuel Economy than GF 4

Viscosity GF-4 Equivalent ILSAC GF-5 LimitGrade FEI1 Sum2 / FEI 2 FEI Sum / FEI 2

XW-20 2.1 / 0.9 2.6 / 1.2XW 20 2.1 / 0.9 2.6 / 1.2

XW-30 1.7 / 0.7 1.9 / 0.9

10W-30 1.6 / 0.6 1.5 / 0.6

1 FEI = Fuel Economy Improvement2 FEI Sum = FEI 1 (Eq. 1,000 mi) + FEI 2 (Eq. 6,500 mi)


HDMO: High Load + Low Speed = Lubrication Film BreakdownLubrication Film Breakdown

In HDMO

ctio

n

Boundary higher viscosity enhances engine

t ti

of

Fri Lubrication

Metal-on-metalprotection

cien

t o

Mixed Lubrication

Metal on metal

oeff

ic

Hydrodynamic Lubrication

S d i i

Co


Speed x ViscosityLoad

Mini-Traction Machine RigMeasures Wear Scar DiameterMeasures Wear Scar Diameter

• Control load • Control load, speed & temperature p(viscosity)

• Measure coefficient of frictionCh i • Characterize Stribeck curve


5W-30 HDMO: Doable but Complicated5W 30 HDMO: Doable but Complicated

Wear Scars From Three Sooted HDMOsWear Scars From Three Sooted HDMOs


HDEO Fuel Economy Improvement: Modest, But Measurable Modest, But Measurable

% Fuel Economy Relative to SAE 15W-40

Volvo D12D Engine Dynamometer Test

Possible Lowering of the Possible Lowering of the High Temp / High Shear Requirements?


Viscosity GradeCourtesy of Chevron Oronite

For HDMO OEMs Insist on Minimum 3.5 HTHS for Wear ProtectionMinimum 3.5 HTHS for Wear Protection

Volvo D12D2ACEA/API Minimum for ACEA/API Minimum for

ent

1

1.5ACEA/API Minimum for

Adequate Wear Protection FEI Hilly Conditions

pro

vem

e

Danger Zone0

0.5

1FEI On-Highway

om

y Im

p

XW-30-0.5

0

XW 40XW 20el E

cono

-1.5

-1

XW-40XW-20

% F

ue

-22.5 3 3.5 4 4.53.5

© 2010 Chevron Products Company, San Ramon, Ca. 16Data Courtesy of Chevron Oronite Company, LLC

SAE J300Minimum Limit HTHS at 150°C, mPA.s

Regional Differences Add ComplexityRegional Differences Add Complexity

Limited backward compatibility

Backward compatibility

Limited backward compatibilitySpecifications driven by environmental dictates

compatibilitySupply needed for tighter

Sufficient PAO and Group IIIGroup II enables high volume E9

specifications Group II

Minimum specificationsPressure to reduce emissionsemissionsEvolving to NA/EU


OEM’s Consolidating

M kMackRenaultUD (Ni Di l)UD (Nissan Diesel)Volvo

DaimlerDetroit DieselDetroit DieselMitsubishi Fuso

General MotorsVauxhall


Opel

Specifications Consolidating

V l VDS 4

p g

Volvo, VDS-4Renault, RLD 3Mack EO-OPP

Same●EnginesMack, EO OPP

JASO-DH-2*●Engines●Chemistry

SpecificationsDaimler, 228.31,.51Detroit Diesel, DD93K218

●Specifications

Low SAPS: Require Low sulfur DD93K218

JASO DH-2*Require Low-sulfur base oil

dexos 1dexos 2 Low Noack

High VI


19

DEXRON-VI High VI

*Allows higher sulfur and Noack

Industry Convergingy g g

Global ● Emission Standards● Engine Platforms● Specifications

GlobalLow-Sulfur

GlobalLubricant

CostComplexityLow Sulfur

Base OilsLubricant

FormulationsComplexityDuplication


Summary:

• Continuum of high purity base oils enables i i d l b i f l i

Summary:

optimized lubricant formulations

• Fuel economy continues to drive lubricants to lighter and higher VI base oilsand higher VI base oils

• Trade-Off with wear i d d requires advanced

formulation work

• Industry globalizing to reduce cost and complexity


Thank You!Detroit Advisory Panel Forum

John RosenbaumChevron Global Base Oils


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