Global Peacemaker

Wilson throws out the ceremonial 1st pitch at the Washington Senators home opener in April of 1916

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s Plan to make the world “safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression”.

http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wilson-points.htm

Wilson’s Proposal

Fourteen Points—Introduced to Congress in January of 1918 Diplomacy over aggression Maintaining peace Self-determination

Paris Peace Conference

January of 1919U.S. delegation=President Wilson & all Democrats,

but one RepublicanBig Four:

1. David Lloyd George=Great Britain 2. Georges Clemenceau=France 3. Vittorio Orlando=Italy 4. Woodrow Wilson=U.S. *see picture on p. 438

Paris Peace Conference

Russia was absent; in midst of civil warGermany was not invitedClemenceau, George & Orlando hoped to make

Central Powers pay for causing the warWilson hoped to make peace & secure stabilityWilson was forced to compromise on his 14 Points;

esp. on self-determination Allies hoped to continue to build empires

League of Nations

Proposed by WilsonNations of the world would join together to ensure

security & peace for all membersIntroduced at Paris Peace, but had to be approved by

Republican-controlled CongressArticle 10—An attack on one member would be

considered an attack on all membersRejected by Congress

This cartoon shows one view of Wilson & the LON. Note that Wilson is dipping his bubble pipe into a bowl of “ideals.”

Why did some criticize the LON as being too idealistic?

Versailles Treaty

Peace talks resumed in March of 1919Clemenceau demanded harsh penalties for GermanyWilson feared harsh demands would lead to future

wars9 new territories created out of Austria-Hungary,

Germany, & Russia Compare map on p. 415 to map on p. 440

New boundaries did not support Wilson’s self-determination; ethnic tensions continued

1914

1919

Versailles Treaty

The Ottoman Empire was shrunk into TurkeyBritish took control of Palestine, Transjordan, &

IsraelFrance took control of Syria & LebanonItaly gained less territory than it hoped for; b/c of

this Orlando had to resign as prime minister

Versailles Treaty

Germany initially refused to sign it; but gave in when France threatened to attack

Signed/finalized on June 28, 1919

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors

Reactions to Versailles Treaty

Much negative response to League of NationsWilson toured U.S. in hopes of gaining popular

support for LONAfter he suffered a stroke; he remained isolated from

his Cabinet for the rest of his term Wife, Edith, took over many duties

Congress rejected the LON & the Versailles Treaty Opposition led by Republican Henry Cabot Lodge

What is happening to Uncle Sam?

What message do you think the author is trying to convey?

Chicago Tribune, 1918

“Interrupting the Ceremony”

Edith & Woodrow Wilson in 1920

Edith holds the paper steady b/c her husband’s left side had been paralyzed.

Peace w/ Germany

President Harding signed a resolution to end war with Germany in 1921

Made treaties with Austria and Hungary in 1921

America as Creditor

U.S. became a bank for the worldWar hurt economies of many European nations,

especially BritainUS had an opportunity to take control of the

economics in the world, but focused on domestic issues

Servicemen Are Coming Back

4,000 a day were being released from serviceWhat to do with them? No plan!Jobs were scarceWomen moved back to work in the homeBlack soldiers treated poorly upon returnFeeling of gloom in US after WWI