global media, global religion: research on popular media and the remaking of religions
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Stewart M. Hoover and Nabil EchchaibiTRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Media and Religion
Presentation to the Religious Communication Congress 2010
Chicago, April 7, 2010
Stewart M. HooverNabil Echchaibi
Center for Media, Religion, and CultureUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, USA
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Workshop Schedule
I. Overview of Media and Religion Research
II.Islam and the MediaIII.Comparing Christian and Muslim
Media
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Themes of the day:
Religion persistsMedia frame and define religion
Media and religion convergeReligion in popular culture
Religious authority and the “common culture”
Globalization Media and global conflict
Religion “mediatized”
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Mediation vs Mediatization
• All religions are mediated
• Mediatization means something new and different is produced through interaction with modern media
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Religious Change
• The decline of institutions and—more importantly—of institutional authority
• The rise of the individual quest in matters of faith—and “spirituality”
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Media Change
• Media are autonomous• Media are diversified• Media are concentrated• Media increasingly function to satisfy
religious “demand”
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The Digital Revolution
• Empowers the “quest,” further undermines traditions and institutions
– Fluid– Protean– Interactive– User-generated– “Pull” rather than “push”– New communities and networks– Still evolving
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Stars and Spiritualities
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Religion vs “The Religious”
• “The Religious” as aesthetic practice– about consumption, tastes, sensibilities
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Religious Authority Contested
• Lose control over their own symbols
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Religious Authority Contested
• Lose control over their own symbols
• Authority becomes relativized within a “market-place of symbols”
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Religious Authority Contested
• Lose control over their own symbols
• Authority relativized within a “market-place of symbols”
• Authority relativized by a multiplicity of authorities
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Religious Authority Contested
• Lose control over their own symbols
• Authority relativized within a “market-place of symbols”
• Authority relativized by a multiplicity of authorities—and by themselves
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Implicit, informal, banal religion flourishes
• Ex: “New Age Rituals”
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Globalization
• Religious transnationalism
• Emerging globalized popular cultures
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New Forms and Terms of Public Discourse
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“The 9/12 Project”9 “principles” and 12 “values
1. America Is Good2. I believe in God and He is the Center of my Life3. I must always try to be a more honest person than I was yesterday4. The family is sacred5. If you break the law you pay the penalty
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6. I have a right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness but there is no guarantee of equal results7. I work hard for what I have and I will share it with whom I want to8. It is not un-American for me to disagree with authority or to share my personal opinion9. The government works for me I do not answer to them, they answer to me.
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“The 9/12 Project”9 “principles” and 12 “values
1. honesty2. reverence3. hope4. thrift5. humility6. charity
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“The 9/12 Project”9 “principles” and 12 “values
7. sincerity8. moderation9. hard work10. courage11. personal responsibility12. gratitude
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• Representations• YouTube - My Big Fat Greek Wedding - Now You Are Family (2)
• Jesus Camp Trailer (2)
• YouTube - Madonna Like a Prayer (2)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-iWrIBaq3Ys
• Realism• 7th Heaven Brave New World (Episode Clip) at TV.com (2)
• YouTube - The Cross and The Switchblade 1 (2)
• YouTube - Left Behind (The Movie) Part 01 of 11 (2)
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Evangelical Popular CultureMuslim Media Cultures
CategoriesFunctions
Relativism and AuthenticityMultiple “modernities”
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Evangelical Popular Culture
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Muslim Media Cultures
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Categories
• Genres– Televised Church– Television ministries– Online ministries– Online “me-casting”
• Structures– Independent– Institutionally (church) based
• Charismatic leadership
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Functions
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Relativism and Authenticity
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Multiple “Modernities”