global focus on knowledge lecture series information ... · ibm microsoft google, yahoo! ... 1969...
TRANSCRIPT
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Global Focus on Knowledge Lecture Series
Information Changes the World
Why Information Technology Now? Day 2
Hiroshi HarashimaThe figures, photos and moving images with ‡ marks attached belong to their copyright holders. Reusing or reproducing them is prohibited unless permission isobtained directly from such copyright holders.
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InformationFoundation
Information Society Information Machinery
Word
ComputerPrinting
Networks
Multimedia
Personal Computers
Communication
Internet
DatabasesSimulations
Virtual RealitySearch Engines Mobile
Ubiquitous
Artificial
Inteligence
Life
Brain
Cyborgs
Community
Medical Systems
Net Society
Information Explosione‐administration
Electric Money
Information Economics
Globalization
Environment
Industry
Robots
Body Expression
Physicality
Contents
Media Art Entertainment
Movies Music
New Art
“Otaku”
Culture
Museums
Intellectual
Property
Journalism
Pictures
Cognition
Information Changes the World-the Global View-
Ikuo
Takeuchi“Information and Art Interfaces”Information
Culture
s
Osamu Sudo“Information Explosion and
Creation of a New Network
Society”
Tomomasa
Sato“Robots, Information Art and
Life”
InformationKnowledge
Hiroshi Harashima“Why Information Technology Now?”
Hiroshi Komiyama“The University and Information”
-Information Changes Learning-
PaperTelecommunication
Information Gap
Security
Public Media
Information
Distribution
Scientific Calculation
Anime and
Games
Drama
Public Art
Education
Manga
Films
WEB2.0
Intelligent Robots
Androids
Digital Human
Mass Media
Environmental Robots
Neural Networks
Industrial production
Ultimate Frontier Robots
Life‐supporting Robots
Cell Production‐supporting RobotsIndustrial Robots
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Basic Theme
Now, information technology is in a drastic developmental phase.
Let us view this over 10 years, 100 years and
1000 years.
Why is this?
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October 18th
60th Birthday of the Computer(Reviewing the history of information in 10 year increments.)
October 25th
What Is Going on with Information Technology?(Consider the present age in the context of 100 years.)
Guest:Masaru Kitsuregawa Institute of Industrial Science
November 1st
How Would a Historian Locate Information Technology?(Look toward the future - the next 1000 years.)
Agenda
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Observing the progress of IT in the past 10 years …
Let’s review the last lecture.
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The Age of IBM (1975-1985)informatization of business by host computers
The Age of Multimedia (1985-1995)informatization of people by personal computers
The Age of Network (1995-2005)informatization of society by internet,
broadband
The Age of Scientific Computation (1965-1975)informatization of science by computing systems
The History of Computers in the past 10
Years
1946 ENIAC
(the University of Pennsylvania)
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Content is the new leader of IT
IBM Microsoft Google, Yahoo! ・・・・・
Paradigm shift in IT industriesNumber of users (unit: million)
System- centered
PC-centered
network-centered
content-centered
Information technology aims for culture.
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Let us see how technology has developed in the past 100 years.
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Can we predict technology in the next 100 years?
Could anyone predict today’s technology 100 years ago?
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Sports Hochi “Predictions for the 20th Century”Jan 2nd, 3rd, 1901 23 predictions ‡
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・2.5 hours by train between Tokyo and Kobe
・Free conversation between humans and animals・Rainstorms stopped by cannon
Sports Hochi “Predictions for the 20th Century”
・No more horse-and-buggies, a new world of automobiles・Photographs of distant places・A new machine to relieve cold and heat
(1901.1.2-3)
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What Came True
transportation, communication(railway, car)
What Didn’t
conversation with animals, control of nature
aircraftcomputerman’s first landing on the moon
What Wasn’t Predicted
1825
1903
1885
1946
1969
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19th c
20th caviation1903 Wright brothers
|
1927 Lindberg↓
1949 jet plane↓↓
1969 Concorde
space1944 V1.V2 rocket
↓1957 Sputnik
↓1969 Apollo 11
railway1814 steam locomotive
|
1825 railroads opened
↓(to everywhere in Europe)
↓1879 electric locomotive
↓↓
1964 Shinkansen
Development of TransportTechnology
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In each age, there was a technology in-season.
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aviation1903 Wright Brothers
|
1927 Lindberg↓
1949 jet plane↓↓
1969 Concorde
space1944 V1.V2 rocket
↓1957 Sputnik
↓1969 Apollo 11
railway1814 steam locomotive
|
1825 railway opened↓(everywhere in Europe)
↓1879 electric locomotive
↓↓
1964 Shinkansen
Technology in Its Season
The Season of Railway Technology
The Season of Aviation
The Season of Space Technology
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railway1814 steam locomotive
|
1825 railway opened↓(everywhere in
Europe)↓
1879 electric locomotive
↓↓
1964 Shinkansen
Development of Railway Technology
18801850
Development of railwaysin France
1825 The first commercial railway in England1832 The first commercial railway in France1830 The first railway in America1835 The first railway in Germany
Railway technology had its season in the early 19th Century
Figure removed due to copyright restrictions
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aviation1903 Wright brothers
|
1927 Lindberg↓
1949 jet plane↓↓
1969 Concorde
space1944 V1.V2 rocket
↓1957 Sputnik
↓1969 Apollo 11
railway1814 steam locomotive
|
1825 railroads opened
↓(to everywherein Europe)
↓1879 electric locomotive
↓↓
1964 Shinkansen
Development of TransportTechnology
1969 ARPA net
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Concorde1969 the first flight2000 the accident2003 the last flight
Nuclear Ship “Mutsu”1969 launched1974 radiation leakage1991 completed as a nuclear ship through inspections1992 Dismantling started.1995 The ship was handed over to JAMSTEC.1997 launched as the ocean research vessel “Mirai”
The Apollo Project1969 Apollo11 first landing on the moon1970 Apollo 13 the accident1972 Apollo 17 called off(Apollo was planned to 20)
1969
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1968
Douglas Engelbart
NLS(oN Line System)demo of an interactive computer
1969
ARPANET
started(the Pentagon
network)
1968 Alan KayDynabook Conceptconcept for an ideal PC
1968-69
Source: http://www.bootstrap.org/chronicle/pix/pix.html
‡
Source: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto
‡
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Seasons of technology were the inevitable currents of history.
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Modern Age16-17th C:Age of Geographical Discovery
(from geocentric theory to heliocentric theory)
1543 Copernicus, 1580 Galilei1609 Kepler, 1637 Descartes, 1687 Newton
20th C:The Age of the Earth by Radio Wave and Aviation
1895 Marconi’s wireless communication, 1920 radio broadcast
1903 Wright Brothers flight1969 man’s first landing on the moon
18-19th C:Toward Capitalism Through the Industrial Revolution
1769 Watt(steam engine), 1807 Fulton(steam ship)1814 Stevenson(steam locomotive), 1830 railway opened
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Competition for Dominance of the World
・Domination of the LandMongol (13-14c), Ottoman Turks(15-16c)
・Domination of the Sea (sailing)
Spain・Portugal (16c), Netherlands (17c)France・England (18c)
・Domination of Networks (information technology)
-industrial revolution-
(railroad technology)
・Domination of the Sky (aviation/ space technology)
the World War England, France, USA vs Germany, Italy, Japanthe Cold War USA vs Soviet Russia
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Now, information technologyis in season.
This is not just a temporary boom.It is an inevitable historical current.
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In the past,England won out in the age of seaAnd experienced the industrial revolution.
The 21st century, the age of information, began as the age of the USA.
Next, the USA won out in the age of skyand experienced an information revolution.
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What is happening in this age of information?
Information Explosion
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Now, let me introduce Dr. Kitsuregawa.
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Summary Here
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Industrial Revolution・Primary Industrial Revolution (late 18C-early 19C)
1765 Watt’s steam enginemechanization of light industry (spinning, weaving)
・Secondary Industrial Revolution (late 19C-early20C)1825 railroad openingtransportation, heavy chemical industry, material industry
・Network Revolution1980s multimedia 1990s internetSocial and culture infrastructure is
constructed on network.
・Third Industrial Revolution(late 20C- )
・Electronics Revolution1946 computer 1948 transistordevelopment of information/hi-tech industries
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You are the next leaders.
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That’s all for today.
Thank you for listening.