Global Energy Supply and Use

The Sun: Source of Earth’s Energy

• The Sun is the primary (> 99%) source of heat for the planet

• Direct• Indirect:

– Wind– Water moving– Biomass

• Commercial Energy: the remaining ~ 1% energy – Mostly from extracting and burning non-

renewable fossil fuels

Commercial Energy

• Uses? Transportation, Heating, Industry, and Electricity Generation– These are not the same– Substitution not always practical/possible

• 84% from non-renewable

• The future does not look much different…

Electricity Generation

Description 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Coal[1]2,016,45

61,990,511 2,012,873 1,978,301

1,973,737

1,933,130

Petroleum[2] 65,739 64,166 122,225 121,145 119,406 94,567

Natural Gas 896,590 816,441 760,960 710,100 649,908 691,006

Other Gases[3] 13,453 14,177 13,464 15,252 15,600 11,463

Nuclear 806,425 787,219 781,986 788,528 763,733 780,064

Hydroelectric Conventional

247,510 289,246 270,321 268,417 275,806 264,329

Other Renewables

105,238 96,525 87,329 83,067 79,487 79,109

Wind 34,450 26,589 17,811 14,144 11,187 10,354

Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic

612 508 550 575 534 555

Wood and WoodDerivedFuels

39,014 38,762 38,856 38,117 37,529 38,665

Geothermal 14,637 14,568 14,692 14,811 14,424 14,491

Other Biomass 16,525 16,099 15,420 15,421 15,812 15,044

Pumped Storage

-6,896 -6,558 -6,558 -8,488 -8,535 -8,743

Other[9] 12,231 12,974[R] 12,821[R] 14,232[R] 14,045 13,527

All Energy Sources

4,156,745

4,064,702 4,055,423 3,970,5553,883,18

53,858,45

2

Electric Power Sources-Energy Information Administration (US) (1000 mW-hr)

Electric Generator

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Moss_Landing_Power_Plant_p1270026.jpg

Electricity Demand Varies

NETElectricityGeneration(trillion kW-hr)

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Avg AnnualChang

e

Liquid/Petro

1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.9

Nat Gas 3.4 4.7 5.9 7.0 7.7 8.4 3.7

Coal 7.2 9.0 10.7 12.1 13.7 15.4 3.1

Nuclear 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.8 1.4

Renewable 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.0 1.8

World Electricity Generation Forecast

web site www. eia.doe.gov/iea.

NET Energy: the energy that matters

• Takes energy to make energy

• Net = (total energy in resource) – (energy needed to find, extract, process, deliver

• Could also present as a ratio: – Net Energy Ratio = (useful energy

produced)/(useful energy used to produce)

• Obviously, this ratio should be > 1

• Now, let’s take another look at the previous slide