1.Global environmental problems2.environmental act and legislation

BY RAJESH GOSWAMI

1.GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

2.ENVIRONMENTAL ACT AND LEGISLATION

GLOBEL WARMING

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

DEFORESTRATION

ACID RAIN

OZONE LAYER DEPLATION

ALL THESE FACTORS ARE RESPONSIBLE

FOR THE FOLLOWING GLOBEL

ENVIRONMENTEAL PROBLEMS

GLOBAL WARMING

GLOBAL WARMING

is a general increase in world temperatures caused by increased amount of carbon dioxide around the Earth.

EFFECTS OF GLOBEL WARMING1.CHANGE IN CLIMATE

2.RISE IN SEA LEVEL

3.EFFECT ON HUMAN

HEALTH

CHANGE IN CLIMATE1.CHANGE IN RAINFALL PATTERN

2.DRYING OF SURFACE WATER BODIES

3.SERIOS WATER SHORTAGE

4.FALL IN GROUND WATER TABLE

5.CHANGE IN VEGETATION PATTERN

RIsE IN SEA LEVELHigh temperature on earth will melt polar ice caps causing rise in the sea water level.

EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH.

Human health may be adversely

affected in hot climate. Changes and

rice in average temperature of

atmosphere has led to occurrence of

different new diseases.

CONTROL OF GLOBEL WARMING

1. Reduction in the use of fossil fuel for energy

generation.

2. Hydrogen as an energy source of the future

is another proposal.

3.by using the substitutes like hcfc in place of cfc

4.trapping and use of methane as fuel.

5.Stabilize population growth

COMPARE THE PICTURES

GREEN HOUSE EFFECTGreen house effect is a house made of glass to have higher temperature inside compared to outside temperature.

THE GREENHOUSE GASES

Many chemical compounds found in the Earth’s atmosphere

act as “greenhouse gases.”

These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely.

When sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it is

reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat).

Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the

heat in the atmosphere.

There are many gases which exist that either directly or

indirectly act as greenhouse gases

DEFORESTATION

is the cutting down or burning down of all the trees in the area. It means that birds, animals and insects have nowhere to live and become extinct. The amount of oxygen is reduced because trees produce it.

DEFORESTATION

EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

Decrease the amount of forest products available

from forest for human needs.

Reduction in the oxygen liberated by trees.

In hilly region it may lead to landslides.

Local and global climate changes may occur

hydraulic cycle and carbon cycle gets affected’

Control of acid rain 1.DECREASING THE EMISSIONS OF SULPHUR

DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDE.

2.ADOPTING ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES.

3.USING LESS COAL IN POWER PLANTES AND

UTILIZING NON –POLLUTING ENERGY S0URCES.

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE OZONE LAYER

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE OZONE LAYER

The ozone layer is damaged and it is very dangerous for our planet. The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earth

INTRODUCTION

India has worlds largest democracy with

population of 1.1 billion. It is diverse country

with number of languages , religion , cultures

etc. During the past decades also the

economic and industrial growth of the

country has been extremely fast.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW IN INDIA

Constitution of india has a number of provisions demarcatings the responsibility of the central and state/governments towards ‘environmental protection’. The constitution of india makes provision for environmental protection in the chaptersa on:

Fundamental Rights

Directive Principles of State Policy

Fundamental Duties

The parliament of india has passed several acts ands laws in order to protect the environment.

FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ACT

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (passed in March 1986 and came into force on 19 Nov. 1986).

1. The E.P. Act was enacted under Art.253 of the Constitution of India.

The Act seeks to supplement the existing laws on control of Pollution by enacting a general legislation for environmental protection and to fill the gaps in regulations relating to major environmental hazards.

CONTD…..

The Act makes the central government, the repository of wide powers.

(whereas the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control) Act, 1981 entrust the task of control of pollution on agencies created by the statute namely state and central pollution control boards.)

Rule making power of the Central Govt. is the main feature OF this Act.

CONTD…….

The objective of the E.P. Act is much wider in

comparison to water Act and Air Act.

(While the Air Act and Water Act deal with

prevention and control of specific kinds of

pollution, the E.P. Act deals with prevention and

control of all sorts of pollution.

Besides prevention and control, the Act aims at

protection and improvement of the Environment.

ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION - MEANING

Sec. 2 ( a ) of the Act defines the term

Environment. “Environment includes

water, air and land and the inter-

relationship which exists among and

between water, air and land, and

human beings, other living creatures,

plants, micro-organism and property.”

CONTD….Sec. 2 (b) defines Environmental

Pollutant:

“environmental pollutant" means any

solid, liquid or gaseous substance

present in such concentration as may

be, or tend to be, injurious to

environment.

CONTD.

Sec. 2 (c) defines environmental pollution:

"environmental pollution" means the

presence in the environment of any

environmental pollutant

CONTD.

Sec. 2 (c) defines environmental pollution:

"environmental pollution" means the

presence in the environment of any

environmental pollutant

GENERAL POWERS OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT1. To take all necessary measures for

prevention, control and abatement of

environmental pollution. Sec. 3(1)

2. such measures are enlisted in sec. 3(2)

3. Authorities can be constituted . Sec. 3(3)

4. Appointment of Officers. Sec. 4

5. To issue Directions and orders. Sec. 5

POLLUTION DEFINED IN THE ACT

It means such contamination of water or such alteration of

the physical, chemical or biological properties of water or

such discharge of any sewage or trade effluent or of any

other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water

(whether directly or indirectly) as may, or is likely to, create

a nuisance or render such water harmful or injurious to

public health or safety, or to domestic, commercial

industrial agricultural or other legitimate uses, or to the life

and health of animals or plants or of aquatic organisms.

(section 2(e) of the Act)

SOME WATER POLLUTION PICS……

MEETINGS OF THE BOARD

A board shall meet at least once in every three

months and shall observe such rules of

procedure.

Provided that if, in the opinion of the Chairman,

any business of an urgent nature is to be

transacted.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE MEMBER SECRETARY OF THE BOARD

Member Secretary of a Board is the only

member of the Board who is appointed.

He is the only one who has to be full time

Member of the Board.

He is the only one whose term as a member

of the Board is not fixed for three years.

PROHIBITION ON USE OF STREAM OR WELL FOR DISPOSAL OF POLLUTING MATTER, ETC;

There are prohibitions on the persons againstcausing or permitting any poisonous, noxious orpolluting matter for entering whether directly orindirectly in the nature.

The prime object of the Act as declared in theprovisions of Section 24 is to provide forprevention and control of water pollution.

The maintaining and/or restoring of water.Therefore, provisions are made to preventdirect or indirect entry into any stream, well orpolluting water.

PENALTY AND PROCEDURE

Whoever fails to comply with any directions given

under sub section (2) or sub section (3) of Section 20

within such time, be punishable with three months or

with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees.

With both and in case the failure continues, with an

additional fine which may extend to five thousand

rupees for every day.

THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL

OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 The presence in air, beyond certain limits,

of various pollutants dischargedthrough industrial emission and fromcertain human activities connectedwith traffic, heating, use of domesticfuel.

It has detrimental effect on the healthof the people as also on animal life,vegetation and property.

The Central Government legislatedthe bill to implement the decisionstaken regarding the preservation ofthe quality of Air and control of airpollution,

DEFINITONS “Air pollutant” means any solid, liquid or gaseous

substance including noise present in the atmosphere to be

injurious to human beings or other living organisms or

plants or property or environment.

“Approved fuel” means any fuel approved by the State

Board for the purposes of this Act.

“Chimney” includes any structure with an opening or

outlet from or through which any air pollutant may be

emitted.

BODIES CONSTITUTED TO ENFORCE

THE ACT Central Pollution Control Board constituted under

section 3 of the Water (Prevention and control of

Pollution) Act, 1974 was authorized to exercise the

powers and performs the functions for the

prevention and control of air pollution.

State Pollution Control Boards constituted under

section 4 of the Water (Prevention and control of

Pollution) Act, 1974 was authorized to exercise the

powers and performs the functions for the

prevention and control of air pollution

NATIONAL MINIMUM STANDARDS

FOR AIR QUALITY

The new National Minimum standards for AirQuality has been notified by the CPCB undersub-section (2)(h) of section 16 of the Act on 18th

November 2009, and has been made effectivefrom that date, for whole of India

In the new notification only two categories ofarea has been created Eco Sensitive Areas(notified by Central Government) and non EcoSensitive Area.

SOME PICS OF AIR POLLUTANTS……

STANDARDS FOR EMISSIONS OF AIR

POLLUTANTS Till The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was

legislated by the Parliament of India, the StateBoards were having powers to lay down thestandards for air pollutants to be discharged inthe atmosphere, under clause (g) of sub-section(1) of Section 17.

Since 1986, Central Government has beenissuing Standards for Emissions under theprovisions of Environment protection Act and itsRules. These standards has been specified inschedule 1 to VI of the Environment (Protection)Rules 1986.

Central Board or State Boards may specify morestringent standards than those specified inschedule 1 to VI of the EP Rules.

DUE TO INDUSTRIES…

FEW WORDS

We really thank everyone of you who havegiven his or her little time to view thispresentation and request that an immediateaction be taken if you are an authority to doso or must write to Ministry of Environmentand Forests for taking action till it is toolate.This ppt was prepared with the sincereguidance of respected

Nilesh parmar

JAIMIN RANA

THANK YOU