global distribution of religion - ms. mcknight · the global distribution of religion •read these...
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The Global Distribution of Religion• READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS!!!!!
– The following slides will help you to prepare a practice map for your group map assessment (12/21).
– Choose a color category for each of the religions found on the key and use a related shade for each branch of that religion. You can choose whatever shade or pattern you want but you should stay consistent throughout.
• For example, for “Christianity”, I used Red (Roman Catholic), Pink (Protestant), Magenta (Eastern Orthodox) and Maroon (Mormons). They are all varieties of red.
– If you are using stripes you should make them parallel and all at the same angle.
– As you complete your guided reading and we cover each religion in class go back and color code your map to reinforce your understanding of the global distribution of religion.
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Master Map
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Christianity
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Christianity in Europe
• South/Latin = Catholic• North/Germanic = Protestant
– (except)Ireland = Catholic• East/Slavic = Orthodox
– Exceptions = Poland, Czech, Hungary, etc. = Catholic, why?
• Nationalism, hate Protestant Germans and Orthodox Russians
– Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia• Muslim (Ottoman Turk infl.)
• Multi-religious states (know!!!)– Netherlands– Germany– Switzerland– Latvia
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Diffusion of Christianity• Global
– Secondary hearths • not the place of origin but place from which there was
significant change • influence global distribution
– Roman Catholicism = Rome/Vatican City» Spanish, French colonies = Catholic» Latin America, Philippines, parts of West and Central Africa
– Orthodox = Constantinople/Istanbul» Eastern Europe/Russia received Orthodox missionaries from
Constantinople» Moscow becomes the “third Rome”» Orthodox Christianity follows Russian influence into Siberia
– Protestantism = Northern Europe (Germany, UK)» British/Dutch colonies = Protestant » Australia, South Africa, Eastern Africa (Kenya), Nigeria, etc.» North America (also influenced by later Catholic migration)
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Roman Catholicism dominates Latin America
• reflects influence of Spain and Portugal
• Protestant exceptions:– The former British
colony of Guyana• You will later overlay
yellow stripe to indicate the presence of Hinduism in Guyana due to the migration of South Asians under British imperialism.
– The former Dutch colony of Suriname
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North or Anglo-
America reflects
British roots by being
mostly Protestant
• Exceptions include:
– Catholic
• French Quebec
• New England/the Rust Belt
– S. German, Irish, Polish,
Italian and others during
wave of Euro. immigration
from mid-1800s to early
1900s for factory jobs.
• Southwestern border area
– reflects gravity model and
influence of Hispanic
Americans.
– Mormon (Protestant?)
• Intermountain West/Great
Basin
• We will break down the U.S.
Protestant denominational
distribution in class
– Not needed at the global scale
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Sub-Saharan Africa
• While Islam dominates North Africa, the area south of the Sahara Desert is largely Christian and Animist.– The interfaith boundary between Islam and
Christianity/Animism running from the Atlantic Ocean across West and Central Africa to Ethiopia is known as a “shatterbelt”
• an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values
– The former colonies of Sub-Saharan Africa have been color-coded to reflect the Christian branch practiced in the colonizing country.
• Nigeria = UK = Protestant• Dem. Rep. of Congo = Belgium = Catholic• Some exceptions to this rule may exist due to post-
colonial missionary work
– Ethiopia should be color-coded Eastern Orthodox as its Christian traditions date back to before the Great Schism and nevr followed the pope.
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Other Predominantly Christian Areas• Eastern Orthodox reflects
Russian influence in– Siberia– Caucasus
• Georgia and Armenia
• Spanish colonialism extends Catholicism– Northern Philippines
• British colonialism extends Protestantism– Australia, New Zealand
and Papua New Guinea
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Islam
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The Spread of Islam
• Initially (to about AD 750) largely spread by Arab armies– Resulting in Arabization/Islamization of N. Africa and most of Middle East
• Later spread through trade and cultural contacts– Spain, Balkans, India, Indonesia, Central Asia, West Africa, East Africa
coast, NW China– Later withdraws mostly from Spain, Balkans
• Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo are legacy of Muslim influence in Balkans
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Sunni-Shia Split
• Split derives over who is eligible to lead the Muslim world.
• Sunni – 83%– any righteous Muslim– dominant branch
• Shia – 16%– only descendent of Ali,
Muhammad’s son-in-law– Majority in:
• Iran (center of Shia Islam)• Southern Iraq (60% of pop.)• Azerbaijan• Bahrain
– Significant minorities in:• Syria (allied with Assad)• Lebanon (Hezbollah)• Yemen (Houthi rebels)
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Islam in South and Central Asia• Sunni Islam dominates
– North Africa– Central Asia, NW China
• but weakened by Russification and official atheism of communist USSR.
– Pakistan and Bangladesh.• result of the Partition of British
India• Muslim-majority Kashmir
disputed between Pakistan and India
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Islam in North, West and East Africa
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Islam in Southeast Asia
• Trade brings Islam to the islands of Southeast Asia.– Malaysia– Indonesia
• Country with largest Muslim population in the world
• Exceptions:– Bali =Hindu– East Timor = Catholic
– Significant minority in• Southern Philippines
– Mindanao island
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Buddhism
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Diffusion of Buddhism
• Hearth is N. India/Nepal– spread by missionaries
(Asoka)– enters China/E. Asia on
Silk Road (trade route)– declines in India
• reforms absorbed by “loose with the rules” Hinduism
• Buddha becomes avatar of Vishnu
• Note the absence of Buddhism in India
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3 branches of Buddhism
– Mahayana (beige)• China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam• “Greater Vessel”
– see Buddha as a God– less focused on monastic life
• Syncretic with Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto
– overlay vertical stripe in China– overlay horizontal stripe in Japan
– Theravada (olive/khaki)• Sri Lanka, SE Asia (Myanmar,
Thailand, Cambodia, Laos)• “Lesser Vessel”
– see Buddha as teacher– focused on monastic sacrifice
– Tantrayana (gray)• Mongolia, Tibet and Bhutan• sometimes considered part of
Mahayana– mystical, mixes with local demons
and spirits
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Hinduism
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Hinduism is the largest ethnic religion. It is clustered in India
• Hinduism is clustered in India and Nepal.– India has significant Muslim,
Sikh, Jain and other minorities
– Hinduism is also practiced in Bali, Indonesia (see Islam in Southeast Asia slide)
– Kashmir in the north has a Muslim majority and political control is disputed with Pakistan
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Judaism
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Judaism
• Megalopolis (Boston, NYC, Philadelphia, Washington DC)
• Toronto• Chicago• San Francisco• Los Angeles• Miami
• 14 million total– 1/3 Israel (color blue)– 1/3 US– 1/3 elsewhere
• Mostly urban – place Stars of David on the
following metro areas:• Buenos Aires• Moscow• Paris• London
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Animism
• Laydown a diagonal striped pattern in areas where animism is still practiced or is syncretic with other faiths.
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Complete Map. You’ll be asked to recreate this in groups on Dec. 21