Global Country Study ReportOn

Tourism Industry of NorwayBusiness Opportunities for Gujarat

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In partial fulfillment of the Requirement of the award of the degree ofMaster of Business Administration (MBA)

Offered ByGujarat Technological University

Ahmedabad

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MBA (Semester - III / IV)

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Preface

This report is respect to presentation of Norway country.

It is confidently believed that it will furnish them. The necessary number and variety of exercise for essential to successful instruction.

While here we encounter the comparison of tourism sector between two countries.

The example in each article has been carefully graded. In each article the number of examples presented is made to depend upon the difficulty and importance of particular subject presented.

Acknowledgement

As a growing child does not need only food but nutrition and healthy food in the same way an I.T.M.U student does not need theoretical knowledge but practical knowledge also.

The I.T.M. UNIVERSE program is designed in such a way that the students are able to get the theoretical as well as practical knowledge of the subject which provides more confidence and better understanding to the students.

We are thankful to Ms.Latika Karnani for their valuable guidance.

We take this opportunity to express the information and the details on our topic.

Lastly we would like to thank our family, friends and well wisher to encourage us and make us reach at this level and making our project successful.

Index

Sr. No Particulars Page No.

I. Norway Tourism 8

a. Introduction of Norway 9-11

b. STEEPLED Analysis 12-25

II. Arunachal Pradesh Tourism 26

a. Introduction of Arunachal Pradesh 27-29

b. STEEPLED Analysis 30-46

III. Comparative study of Norway Tourism and Arunachal Pradesh Tourism 47-69

Introduction to Norway

Norway officially the Kinis a Scandinavian unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the westerngdom of Norway portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island. Peter I Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of 5,109,059 people (2014). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland andRussia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak Strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea.

King Harald V of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is the current monarch of Norway. Erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy since 1814, state power is divided between the Parliament, the King and his Council, and the Supreme Court. Between 1661 and 1814, Norway was an absolute monarchy, and before 1661, the King shared power with the Norwegian nobility. Traditionally established in 872 and originating in one of the petty kingdoms, Norway is one of the oldest still existing kingdoms in Europe and world-wide. The Kingdom has existed continuously for over 1,100 years, and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls.

Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, known as counties (fylke) and municipalities (kommune). The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and its member countries (despite rejecting full EU membership in two referenda), as well as with the United States. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the Council of Europe, and the Nordic Council; a member of theEuropean Economic Area, the WTO and the OECD; and is also a part of the Schengen Area.The country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals,lumber, seafood, fresh water, and hydropower. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product. The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on theWorld Bank and IMF lists, as well as ninth-highest on a more comprehensive[citation needed] CIA list. On a per-capitabasis, it is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East, From 2001 to 2006,and then again from 2009 to 2014, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. Norway has also topped the Legatum Prosperity Index for the last five years. The OECD ranks Norway fourth in the 2013 equalised Better Life Index and third in intergenerational earnings elasticity. From 2010 to 2012, Norway was classified as the most democratic country by the Democracy Index. Two centuries of Viking raids to southern and western areas of Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity especially since AD 994. Norway expanded its control overseas to parts

of Britain, Ireland, the FaroeIslands, Iceland, and Greenland, and Norwegian power peaked in 1265. Competition from the Hanseatic Leagueand the spread of the Black Death weakened the country, and when the native royal house became extinct in the 1300s, Norway was gradually absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians adopted a constitution before being forced into a personal union with Sweden. In 1905, Norway ended the union, subsequently confirmed in a referendum, and thus over 500 years with monarchs residing outside the country. In the same year, the country confirmed the election of its own king. Despite its declaration of neutrality in World War II, Norway was occupied for 5 years by forces of Nazi Germany. In 1949 it abandoned neutrality, becoming a founding member of NATO. Discovery of oil in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes.

History

Norwegians, like the Danes and Swedes, are of Teutonic origin. The Norsemen, also known as Vikings, ravaged the coasts of northwest Europe from the 8th to the 11th century and were ruled by local chieftains. Olaf II Haraldsson became the first effective king of all Norway in 1015 and began converting the Norwegians to Christianity. After 1442, Norway was ruled by Danish kings until 1814, when it was united with Sweden—although retaining a degree of independence and receiving a new constitution—in an uneasy partnership. In 1905, the Norwegian parliament arranged a peaceful separation and invited a Danish prince to the Norwegian throne—King Haakon VII. A treaty with Sweden provided that all disputes be settled by arbitration and that no fortifications be erected on the common frontier.

The World Wars and 20th Century Norwegian PoliticsWhen World War I broke out, Norway joined Sweden and Denmark in a decision to remain neutral and to cooperate in the joint interest of the three countries. In World War II, Norway was invaded by the Germans on April 9, 1940. It resisted for two months before the Nazis took complete control. King Haakon and his government fled to London, where they established a government-in-exile. Maj. Vidkun Quisling, who served as Norway's prime minister during the war, was the most notorious of the Nazi collaborators. The word for traitor, quisling, bears his name. He was executed by the Norwegians on Oct. 24, 1945. Despite severe losses in the war, Norway recovered quickly as its economy expanded. It joined NATO in 1949.In the late 20th century, the Labor Party and the Conservative Party seesawed for control, each sometimes having to lead minority governments. An important debate was over Norway's membership in the European Union. In an advisory referendum held in Nov. 1994, voters rejected seeking membership for their nation in the EU. The country became the second-largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia in 1995. Norway continued to experience rapid economic growth into the new millennium.

Politics In the 21st CenturyIn March 2000, Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik resigned after Parliament voted to build the country's first gas-fired power stations. Bondevik had objected to the project, asserting that the plants would emit too much carbon dioxide. Labor Party leader Jens Stoltenberg succeeded Bondevik. Stoltenberg and the Labor Party were defeated in Sept. 2001 elections, and no party emerged with a clear majority. After a month of talks, the Conservatives, the Christian People's Party, and the Liberals formed a coalition with Bondevik as prime minister. The governing coalition was backed by the far-right Progress Party. But in Sept. 2005 elections, the center-left Red-Green coalition gained a majority of seats, and Jens Stoltenberg of the Labor Party once again became prime minister.

In April 2008, government officials agreed to amend the 1814 Constitution to loosen the ties between church and state. The monarch must still be Lutheran, but citizens are no longer required to raise their children as Lutherans. In the future, the church will appoint bishops

instead of the monarch, and equal financial backing for other faiths and atheist communities must be provided by the state.In June 2008, Parliament voted 84–41 to pass a new marriage act, granting homosexual couples the same marriage and adoption rights as heterosexual couples.2013 Parliamentary Elections Brings Shift in LeadershipOn September 9, 2013, Norway held a parliamentary election. The right-of-center coalition won 96 seats, while the Red-Green incumbent government coalition kept 72 seats. The Green Party took one seat.

This was the fourth election for incumbent Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg. He was defeated in the 2001 parliamentary election, but won in 2005 and 2009. If Stoltenberg would've won in 2013, he would have been the first prime minister in Norway's history to be elected for three consecutive terms. However, he lost and Erna Solberg, the leader of the Conservative Party, was named prime minister. Solberg took office on October 16, 2013. Solberg became Norway's second female prime minister. Gro Harlem Brundtland was the first.

Norway Demographic Profile

Population 5,147,792 (July 2014 est.)

Age structure 0-14 years: 18.2% (male 480,176/female 456,128) 15-24 years: 13.1% (male 347,873/female 329,021) 25-54 years: 40.8% (male 1,080,339/female 1,021,370) 55-64 years: 11.7% (male 305,094/female 298,134) 65 years and over: 16.1% (male 375,909/female 453,748) (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios total dependency ratio: 53.2 % youth dependency ratio: 28.5 % elderly dependency ratio: 24.7 % potential support ratio: 4.1 (2014 est.)

Median age total: 39.1 years male: 38.2 years female: 39.9 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate 1.19% (2014 est.)

Birth rate 12.09 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Death rate 8.19 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Net migration rate 7.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Urbanization urban population: 79.4% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 1.03% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major cities - population OSLO (capital) 915,000 (2011)

Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.5 note: data is calculated based on actual age at first births (2012 est.)

Infant mortality rate total: 2.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.79 deaths/1,000 live births 

female: 2.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.6 years male: 79.63 years female: 83.69 years (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate 1.86 children born/woman (2014 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

88.4% note: percent of women aged 20-44 (2005)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

4,000 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths fewer than 100 (2009 est.)

Drinking water source improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

Sanitation facility access improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

Nationality noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian

Ethnic groups Norwegian 94.4% (includes Sami, about 60,000), other European 3.6%, other 2% (2007 estimate)

Religions Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 82.1%, other Christian 3.9%, Muslim 2.3%, Roman Catholic 1.8%, other 2.4%, unspecified 7.5% (2011 est.)

Languages Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities note: Sami is an official language in nine municipalities

Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 18 years male: 17 years female: 18 years (2011)

Education expenditures 6.9% of GDP (2010)

Maternal mortality rate 7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Health expenditures 9.1% of GDP (2011)

Physicians density 3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Hospital bed density 3.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.5% (2008)

Geography of Norway

Norway comprises the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The rugged coastline, broken by huge fjords and thousands of islands, stretches 25,000 kilometres (16,000 mi) and 83,000 kilometres (52,000 mi) and include fjords and islands. Norway shares a 1,619-kilometre (1,006 mi) land border with Sweden, 727 kilometres (452 mi) with Finland, and 196 kilometres (122 mi) with Russia to the east. To the north, west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, theNorwegian Sea, the North Sea, and Skagerrak.

At 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) (including Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (and 323,802 square kilometres (125,021 sq mi) without), much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. The most noticeable of these are the fjords: deep grooves cut into the land flooded by the sea following the end of the Ice Age. The longest is Sognefjorden at 204 kilometres (127 mi). Sognefjorden is the world's second deepest fjord, and the world's longest. Hornindalsvatnet is the deepest lake in all Europe.[54] Frozen ground can be found all year in the higher mountain areas and in the interior of Finnmark county.Numerous glaciers are found in Norway.Norway lies between latitudes 57° and 81° N, and longitudes 4° and 32° E.

The land is mostly made of hard granite and gneiss rock, but slate, sandstone, and limestone are also common, and the lowest elevations contain marine deposits. Because of the Gulf Stream and prevailing westerlies, Norway experiences higher temperatures and more precipitation than expected at such northern latitudes, especially along the coast. The mainland experiences four distinct seasons, with colder winters and less precipitation inland. The northernmost part has a mostly maritime Subarctic climate, while Svalbard has an Arctic tundra climate.Because of the large latitudinal range of the country and the varied topography and climate, Norway has a larger number of different habitats than almost any other European country. There are approximately 60,000 species in Norway and adjacent waters (excluding bacteria and virus). The Norwegian Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive.

Economy of NorwayThe economy of Norway is a developed mixed economy with state-ownership in strategic areas of the economy. Although sensitive to global business cycles, the economy of Norway has shown robust growth since the start of theindustrial era. Shipping has long been a support of Norway's export sector, but much of Norway's economic growth has been fueled by an abundance of natural resources, including petroleum exploration and production, hydroelectric power, and fisheries. Agriculture and traditional heavy manufacturing have suffered relative decline compared to services and oil-related industries, and the public sector is among the largest in the world as a percentage of the overall gross domestic product. The country has a very high standard of living compared with other European countries, and a strongly integrated welfare system. Norway's modern manufacturing and welfare system rely on a financial reserve produced by exploitation of natural resources, particularly North Sea oil.

Language in Norway

Norwegian (norsk) is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants.These Scandinavian languages together with the Faroese language and Icelandic language, as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages). Faroese and Icelandic are hardly mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Danish was the standard written language of Norway. As a result, the development of modern written Norwegian has been subject to strong controversy related to nationalism, rural versus urban discourse, and Norway's literary history. Historically, Bokmål is a Norwegianised variety of Danish, while Nynorsk is a language form based on Norwegian dialects and puristic opposition to Danish. The now abandoned official policy to merge Bokmål and Nynorsk into one common language called Samnorsk through a series of spelling reforms has created a wide spectrum of varieties of both Bokmål and Nynorsk. The unofficial form known as Riksmål is considered more conservative than Bokmål and the unofficial Hognorsk more conservative than Nynorsk.

Currency & Exchange Rate of Norway

The krone [ˈkɾuːnə] (sign: kr; code: NOK) is the currency of Norway and its dependent

territories. The plural form iskroner. It is subdivided into 100 øre. The ISO 4217 code is NOK,

although the common local abbreviation is kr. The name translates into English as "crown". The

Norwegian krone was the thirteenth most traded currency in the world by value in April 2010,

down three positions from 2007.

The value of Norwegian kroner compared to other currencies varies considerably from one year

to another, mainly based on changes in oil prices and interest rates. In 2002 the Norwegian krone

grew to record high levels against the United States dollar and the Euro. On 2 January 2002, 100

NOK were worth 11.14 USD (1 USD = 8.98 NOK). In July 2002, the krone hit a high at 100

NOK = 13.7 USD (1 USD = 7.36 NOK). In addition to the high level of interest, which increased

further on 4 July 2002, to 7 per cent, the price of oil was high. At the time Norway was the

world's third largest oil exporter.

Religion in Norway

Religion in Norway is mostly Evangelical Lutheran with 76.1% of the population officially

belonging to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Norway in 2013. The Roman Catholic

Church is the next largest Christian denomination at 2.4% and a total of 82% belong to Christian

denominations. The officially unaffiliated make up 13.0% of the population. Islam is claimed by

2.4% of the population according to government records, making it the largest non-Christian

religion. However the state provides funds to recognized denominations according to the number

of registered members and the Evangelical Lutheran Church has a privileged place in society,

though less so after a constitutional change in May 2012, which means the official figures do not

necessarily reflect actual religious belief.

Flag of Norway

The flag of Norway is red with an indigo blue Scandinavian cross fabricated in white that

extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the

style of the Dannenberg, the flag of Denmark.

National Anthem

Norway does not have an official national anthem, but over the last 200 years, a number of

anthems have been commonly regarded as de facto national anthems. At times, multiple anthems

have enjoyed this status simultaneously. Today, the anthem Ja, vi elsker dette landet is the most

recognized national anthem.

Economic scenario

Economic growth is projected to recover in 2014-15, after a slowdown last year which left some

slack in the economy. The impetus from the petroleum sector will be weaker than in recent years,

but non-oil exports will pick up as the global economy improves. Household consumption will

also gain strength on the back of growth in disposable income.

The remaining slack will gradually diminish. Monetary policy should, as the central bank foresees, remain accommodative for some time in order to support the recovery. Fiscal policy will be more expansionary, although well within the fiscal guidelines. The housing market seems to have cooled following the tightening of mortgage lending conditions, but property prices and banks’ exposure to high household debt levels should continue to be monitored carefully.

Development of Norway

According The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) is a directorate under the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its task is to ensure effective foreign aid, with quality assurance and evaluation. Norad finances NGOsand does its own research and projects. The current director general is Villa Kulild. Norad used to be the official development assistance organization in Norway. As of mid-2004, the responsibility for state-to-state official development assistance has been transferred to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, while Norad continues to fund NGO activities in developing countries, contributes to the management of development funds and endeavours to ensure that the Norwegian development cooperation is evaluated and efficient.NORAD consists of the following sections:• Department for Environment and Private Sector Development• The Department of Rights, Agents of Change and Civil Society• The Department of Social Development and Service Delivery• The Department of Governance and Macroeconomics• The Department for Quality Assurance• Department of Evaluation• Information Department• Department of Human Resources and Administration• Department of Energy (Oil for Development, Clean Energy for Development)

Finances- For 2012, Norway's government allocated Norwegian kroner 27.8 billion for development aid, Norway allocates a higher percentage of GDP (just over 1%) to development aid than any other country in the world.

Overview of Industries

Trade with selected regions and countries:The Norwegian economy is small and the country has a relatively uniform industrial structure. Compared with many other countries, therefore, it has a high share of exports and imports. A major part of Norway’s exports and imports is to and from areas near to us, as shown by the figure below. Seventy-four per cent of Norway’s exports go to the EU, while just over 68 per cent of its imports come from this area. Exports to the USA are at around the same level as those to Asia, but Norway imports much more from Asia than the USA. The Nordic countries, the UK and Germany are Norway’s most important trading partners. The UK and Germany buy significantly larger amounts of Norwegian export products than Sweden or Denmark, for instance. This is due, among other things, to the fact that the first two countries are large markets for Norway’s oil and gas. Sweden is the individual country from which we import most goods.

Export trends over the past 20 years:All of Norway’s industries have increased their exports over the past 20 years - by a total of 270 per cent. The petroleum industry is currently the most important export sector, accounting for 46 per cent of Norway’s export revenues. This is followed by the manufacturing industry, with around 30 per cent, and the services industry, with around 20 per cent. This picture was very different in 1980. Service industries then accounted for 34 per cent of the Norwegian export figures. More than two-thirds of these were linked to the shipping industry, but this share has been cut to around 50 per cent over the past few years. The traditional manufacturing industry accounted for 33 per cent of the export revenues and the petroleum sector for 28 per cent in 1980. The primary industries did not export much at that time, but, as a result of the increased export of Norwegian fish, they now account for 2 per cent of the export figures. Processed fish and fish products are classified as industrial products.

List of the largest companies of Norway

This list of the largest companies of Norway:

Company RevenueOperating

income

Net

incomeEmployees

Statoil asa 431,112 114,449 39,045 21,213

Norsk Hydro asa 196,234 52,224 17,224 33,218

Telenor asa 91,077 14,721 18,535 31,500

Aker asa 79,892 3,508 3,942 35,816

Orkla asa 52,683 4,480 11,263 28,663

Aker Kværner asa 50,592 0 3,942 22,722

Total E&P Norge as 50,577 36,261 8,787 241

ExxonMobil Exploration and

Production Norway as49,680 35,546 8,632 0

Yara International asa 48,261 3,352 4,210 7060

Company RevenueOperating

income

Net

incomeEmployees

Esso Norge as 45,408 297 306 890

Kommunal Landspensjonskasse 43,581 5,086 5,086 312

NorgesGruppen asa 36,631 1,102 866 9,255

Storebrand asa 34,074 5,549 1,505 1,305

Norske Skogindustrier asa 28,812 -2,527 -2,809 9,372

DnB NOR asa 28,439 14,066 11,808 11,993

Helse Øst rfh 26,685 -831 -747 0

a/s Norske Shell 26,336 8,663 4,334 673

Aker Yards asa 25,861 1,245 1,036 0

Posten Norge as 23,668 1,313 856 20,541

Coop Norge as 21,884 243 160 1,635

Coop NKL ba 21,536 41 111 56

Company RevenueOperating

income

Net

incomeEmployees

ConocoPhillips Scandinavia as 21,176 16,414 3,841 3

Reitangruppen as 19,875 1,236 880 2,993

Eni Norge as 18,766 13,562 3,851 121

Helse Sør rhf 18,176 -986 -1,062 311

Tine ba 18,088 346 425 390

Veidekke asa 16,442 712 722 6,351

Statkraft as 16,225 9,952 6,285 1,930

Nortura ba 14,926 133 106 0

Norske ConocoPhillips as 14,824 10,665 2,878 0

Norway contribution in GDP

Traditionally, Norway's trade has been mostly with the EU, a trend that has continued to increase. Norway’s GDP per capita was €64,600 in 2008, which makes it the second highest in the European Economic Area (EEA) after Luxembourg. In 2008, Norway emerged as the EU’s most valuable import partner for trade in good totaling at €91.85 billion. Norway’s trade with the EU indicates a surplus of €48.27 billion. Further, the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement will be essential for safeguarding the Norwegian market interests in the huge European market.

Norway Trade: Exports and Imports

Norway’s traditional economic activities include fisheries, fish farming and shipping. In shipping, Norway has the world’s fourth largest fleet in the world. Norway’s exports tripled between the years 1974 and 1981, mostly because of the solid performance of its petroleum sector. The oil and gas sector constitutes about 25% of the Norwegian GDP and spans 52% of Norwegian exports. After Russia, Norway is the world’s most important non-OPEC oil exporter. However, during the same period, Norway’s imports soared by 93%.In 2008, Norway’s exports to the EU comprised mostly primary products (share is 71%) whereas its share of manufactured goods exports was only 14.1% for the same year. During the same year, services formed a major growing chunk of Norway's world trade. Therefore, Norway’s exported services totaled to €31.1 billion whereas the country’s imports totaled to 29.6 billion.Norway Trade: Exports Commodities

Norway’s exports include the following:

Norway’s exports include the following:

Oil and gas

Shipping

Wood products

Industrial machinery

Transport equipment

Hydroelectricity

Fish farming

Food processing

Seafood

Timber

Forests

Chemicals

Metals, particularly semi-finished steels, ferro-alloys and aluminium

Unwrought metals

Construction and operation of massive offshore installations and technology industry

Other mineral resources of Norway are copper, lead iron ore, zinc, nickel, titanium, pyrites,

and nickel.

Norway Trade: Imports Commodities

Capital goods

Fuels

Industrial supplies

Machinery

Transportation

Food items

Metals

Chemicals

Norway’s main trading partners are UK, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, US, France, and Denmark.

Norway’s exports include the following:

Oil and gas

Shipping

Wood products

Industrial machinery

Transport equipment

Hydroelectricity

Fish farming

Food processing

Seafood

Timber

Forests

Chemicals

Metals, particularly semi-finished steels, ferro-alloys and aluminium

Unwrought metals

Construction and operation of massive offshore installations and technology industry

•

Other mineral resources of Norway are copper, lead iron ore, zinc, nickel, titanium,

pyrites, and nickel.

Norway Trade: Imports Commodities

Capital goods

Fuels

Industrial supplies

Machinery

Transportation

Food items

Metals

Chemicals

Norway’s main trading partners are UK, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, US, France, and Denmark.

Overview of TOURISM INDUSTRY

Tourism is the basic and the most desirable human activity describing the praise and encouragement of all people and government. Hotel industry is an essential part of tourism. The expansion of tourism is well inevitable bringing out development of the hotel industry. Hotel industry is so closely linked with the tourism industry that it is responsible for about 50% of the foreign exchange earning form tourism trade and enterprises. The rising volume of tourism influx brought into light, the shortage of hotels in important tourists centers. Keeping in view the changing standards in the international hotel keeping. The Indian industry to make a number of improvements. Its not enough to have adequate hotel accommodations, it is equally necessary to have at various levels, low priced, moderately priced, high priced, and a few luxury hotels.

Hotels may be categorized depending upon factors such as: Locations Categorization according to plan Categorization according to number of rooms. Categorization by type of clientele. Categorization by the length of stay of guests. Categorization by the facilities that the hotel offers.

The devaluation of the Asian currencies, the Kargil issue and the parliamentary elections had affected growth in the tourism industry. The situation is gradually moving back to normal with the tourist arrival figure marginally increasing from 2.3mn in 1997 to 2.5mn in FYOO. The industry is growing at a rate of 9%. With the political and economic stability being more clearly visible, both tourists as well as business arrivals are likely to gather momentum in the remaining part of the year.

Tourist has great educational significance. Contact between people of different races and nationalities widen ones outlook. Tourism, whether domestic or international has common economies significance in the sense that money earned in places visited large sums of transferred to the host economies where this money provided a source of income, a means of livelihood and amenities for the resident population. Purchasing power is generated in the receiving areas through the expenditure of visitors. Money received is spent and resent and this multiplier process the host country is a beneficiary.

International tourism is of great importance in international trade in the sense that it enters into the balance of payments of accounts of individual countries generating tourist traffic and export for countries receiving tourist traffic. For many countries is a major item in world trade. These countries exhibit faster growth in tourism than in trade of goods.

Domestic and International Tourism:Usually, a distention is drawn between domestic or internal and foreign of international tourism. In domestic tourism people travel outside their normal domicile to other areas within the country. Barriers like language, currency and documentation are not in the domestic tourism. But in India, since difference estates have different languages, ones own language may not serve a medium of communication. Domestic tourism has no balance of payment implications.

When people travel to a country other that which they normally live in is known as international tourism, the distinction between domestic and international tourism is now diminishing. The reasons being:

Language barriers are reduced by improving language skills Currency and customs unions are developing in many European countries. With globalization the free movement of people is growing.

Considering the greater multiplier effect in domestic tourism, domestic tourism would have received greater emphasis in India.

Reliable data on the growth of domestic tourists traffic are not available as not extensive survey has been conducted on a national level by any agency, government or otherwise not given the numerous festivals celebrated throughout out the year, the innumerable tourist's centers in the country, the geographical expands and the resource constraints, estimates of documents tourists' traffic through an executive survey is considered impossible.

Domestic tourism if considered separate from the travel for religious and commercial purpose. It is a post-independence phenomenon. Industrial growth, improvement in the standard of living, rise in disposable income and most importantly the improvement of tourist infrastructure search as hotels, air, train and road transport has contributed to the impressive growth in tourist traffic.The definition of a domestic tourist is a person who travels within the country to a place of residence and stays at hotels or other accommodations establishments run on commercial basis or in dharmashalas, sarais, chaultries etc. for duration of not less than 24 hours. The factors that govern the magnitude of domestic tourist traffic are the religious and cultural importance of a place. The extent of manufacturing, business and trading activity, the climatic

conditions, the infrastructure facilities available and the geographical location etc. the current rough estimate of domestic tourism in India is ten million a year.

INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY

The Indian hotel business focuses largely on foreign tourists with only 30% of the business coming from the domestic business and the leisure travels. The tourist arrivals in India are seasonal in nature, with the best season being from September to December followed by a steep fall till May. The period June to September gains momentum once the monsoons are over. The slack season is generally used for renovation work and the period is characterized by discounts to attract clients.

High capital expenditure acts as an entry barrier in the industry with the availability of prime land at economically viable rates being a major constraint. The gestation period is long and break even normally takes five to eight years to happen. Due to this the established players like Indian Hotels, E.I.H, etc. have an advantage over foreign majors as they already have well establishments at prime locations.

India was late to wake up to the potential of tourism as an industry that is not just an earner of previous foreign exchange but also one that could generate a lot of employment through horizontal and vertical linkages. The importance and significance of tourism could be understood from the observation of UNESCO, which says, "tourism is a traditional instrument, which enables culture to the rehabilitated and made know to the rest of the world". It is said it's a smokeless industry and has become second to the petroleum industry in world trade.

Tourism Planning in India:

The outlay for tourism development was Rs.8 crore in the third plan Rs.186.46 crores in the sixth plan and Rs.326.16 crores in the seventh plan. It was during the sixth plan that a tourism policy was formulated and presented before the parliament. The sixth plan is an objective envisages optimum use of infrastructure, regionalizing tourist traffic and increase in accommodation and so on. However, the plan turned out to be a very mere blue print for action for tourist development.

The seventh plan (1985-1990) set a target of 1.5-million tourist arrival by 1990 and 3 million by 2000 AD. It also recommended according industry status to tourism in order to encourage private sector investment in tourism.

It was also recommended that public sector would focus on basic infrastructure development, and the private sector would be in encouraged to develop tourism. For the first time domestic tourism was sought to be encouraged for promoting social and cultural cohesion and employment generation. The national committee on tourism presented a comprehensive report in 1988,which provided the basis of a long-term perspective plan for tourism in the country.

The committee set a growth rate of 7% per annual for international tourists. Arrivals by 2000 AD.

Recommendations also included the following:

1. Set a tourism finance cooperation to extend financial assistance for tourism project. 2. Developments of select tourist destination and circuits diversification of tourism arrival of cultural destination to the leisure and holiday tourist. 3. Markets, exploration and development of new tourism generating center. 4. Increase the hotel accommodation by cent percent by stimulation investment through appropriate package of incentives.

The committees major recommendation expects that of setting up a national tourism board wherein accepted. In April 1989, the tourism finance cooperation of India was set up. A working group of the state tourism secretaries in July 1985 identify incentives for the industry. About 14 states and 3 union territories have declared tourism as an industry however, despite the efforts during the seventh plan for diversification of tourists for cultural destinations to the leisure and holiday destination, India still remains as a cultural destination. Budget outlays where diverted towards facilitating trekking development of beach resorts, building shopping plazas, wildlife tourism, facilities for conference is skiing etc. It is reported that the profile of the average overseas and domestic traveler is changing. In the current plan period as well one of the principal thrust areas would be modification of the Indian tourism product by adding the concept of India.

As an adventure and leisure tourism destination to the present cultural tag. Trekking, winter and water sports wild life and health tourism will remain as the major thrust areas in the forth-coming area.

Tourism is recognized as a powerful engine for economic growth and employment generation. The tourism sector is the largest service industry in the country, its importance lies in being an instrument for economic development and employment generation, particularly in the remote parts of the country.

The contribution of tourism in the countrys GDP and total jobs was 5.92% and 9.24% during 2007-08. Total number of jobs in tourism sector in the country during 2007-08 were 49.8

million. Challenges in terms of either increasing the current growth in the tourism sector or even sustaining it during the 12th Plan period include creation of additional tourism infrastructure facilities such as hotels, roads, transport vehicles, way side amenities facilitation centres, etc and the other challenges may be shortage of trained manpower, guides, better connectivity from important source markets for India as well as between important tourist places in India, vis-a-vis facilitation, etc. To create awareness about the vast potential of tourism in economic development and employment generation, Ministry of Tourism made a presentation to the Prime Minister on 23rd June, 2011. In this presentation, various initiatives required to be taken for development of tourism during the 12th Plan were also discussed. The content of the presentation were also deliberated upon by various Sub-Groups of the Working Group on Tourism set up by the Planning Commission. After detailed discussion Working Group has recommended the following strategies for development of tourism during the 12th Plan.

Various Targets for Tourism Sector:

As Tourism Sector is one of the major component of the service sector in India, its  growth

targets have to be linked with the targeted growth of service sector during the 12th  Five Year

Plan.  For the projected growth of 9 to 9.5% of Indian economy during 12th Plan Period, tourism

sector may have to match the projected growth of 12% Plan Period, tourism sector may have to

match the projected  growth of 12% for the services sector as against the current growth of 9%. 

To realize this growth target, tourism sector may have to achieve the following:-

Increase India's share of International Tourist arrivals to at least 1% by end of XII Plan-

requiring annual growth of 12.38% during 2011 and 2016.

Provide adequate facilities for domestic tourism to sustain the growth of 12.16%

(witnessed in recent years) during 12th Plan (2011-16).

Implications of the targets:

Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs):

Number of FTAs and Foreign Tourist Visits (FTVs) in 2016 is estimated to be 11.24 million and

35.95 million respectively.

  Domestic Tourism:

Number of Domestic Tourist Visits (DTVs) in 2016 is projected to be 1451.46 million.

Additional Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) from tourism:The Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism is likely to increase from Rs. 64889 crore (US$ 14.19 Billion) in 2010 to Rs. 134383 crore (US $ 30.3 Billion) in 2016. Additional FEE from Tourism during 2010-16 is estimated to be Rs. 69494 crore (US $ 15.7 Billion).

Employment Generation

Using the data on share of tourism in the total jobs in the country available from Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) for 2002-03 and estimated for years till 2007-08, the total number of jobs (direct and indirect) in the tourism sector in 2016 is likely to be 77.5 million as compared to 53 million in 2010. Therefore, an additional employment of 24.5 million (direct and indirect) may be created during 2010 to 2016.

Initiatives to achieve the target

To achieve various targets and address the challenges involved in the tourism sector during 12th Five Year Plan, following initiatives are proposed to be undertaken:

Skill Development

Enhancing the institutional infrastructure of Hospitality Education by

Opening new Institutes of Hotel Management (IHM) and Food Crafts Institutes (FCI) Augmenting the capacity of existing IHM/FCI Facilitating private sector investments

Hospitality Education to be broad based to cover

Universities/Colleges Polytechnics Industrial Training Institutes Vocational Education at +2 level through CBSE and other State Level Boards

Skill development through

educational/training institutions mentioned above Classified Star category hotels Skills of existing Service Providers to be certified through a stringent process to enhance

their employability New sectors to be identified. E.g. Restoration workers of heritage bulking (Neemrana) Convergence with Planning Commission, Ministries of HRD, Labour & Rural

Development.

Infrastructure Development

Identify major Circuits/Destinations having potential to attract large number of visitors for development in Mission Mode

Develop Tourism Parks to be located in developed/underdeveloped/unexplored area of tourist interest

Identify clusters of villages having unique craft, ethnic art form for development as Tourism Products

Development of existing circuits/destinations to be continued under MoTs current scheme.

Hygiene and Sanitation

Sanitation, solid waste management and clean water major concerns for tourists Sensitizing and awareness generation of all stakeholders required Ministry to undertake major social awareness campaign under Atithi Devo Bhava

initiative

Marketing, Branding & Promotion

Developing new markets CIS, ASEAN, Middle East and African countries Opening new representative offices overseas for wider reach Developing and promoting new tourism products Golf Polo, Wellness & Medical, MICE, Caravan, Cruise, Adventure and Wildlife

tourism. Taxation

Currently the taxes levied on tourism sector are very high. To get the maximum dividends from tourism taxes levied on tourism industry should be unified, rationalized and made globally competitive.

Convergence

As tourism is a multi-sectoral activity, active convergence in the resources of various sectors involved in promotion of tourism at Central and State level is necessary for achieving the

optimum results. For achieving the best results in Convergence, following measures will be required:-

A Committee may be constituted under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister with members from concerned Ministries such as Culture, Civil Aviation, Road Transport & Highways, Urban Development etc.

A Committee may be constituted in each State/UTs under the Chairmanship of Chief Ministers/Administrator with members from concerned Ministries of the State Government/UT Administrations.

Involvement  of States/UTs in Tourism Development

Active involvement of States pre-requisite for integrated tourism development  through 

convergence

M/oT in association with ASSOCHAM, CII, FICCI, PHDCCI, ICC to undertake efforts

to increase States awareness of potential of tourism in economic development and

employment generation.

States to identify infrastructure gaps for tourist destination and ensure intervention at CM

level making it a political  agenda

States should promote sustainable, safe and honorarium tourism.

Land for Tourism Sector

Land required for

   Hotels 

On the pattern of land allotted to industry

Land be given on Revenue Sharing basis

Higher FAR for hotels

To enable the MOT to implement various proposed strategies during 12th Plan period, its

plan outlay would require substantial augmentation. The requirement of fund for the Ministry

of Tourism during 12th Plan has been tentatively estimated to be about Rs. 21500 crore as

against the allocation of Rs. 5156 crore during 11th Plan Substantial proportion  of the

estimated outlay is proposed to be allocated  for improvement of tourism infrastructure,

human resource development & capacity building and promotion & Publicity.

The priority of the Ministry of Tourism is to create/develop tourism related infrastructure for

generation of employment opportunities so as to contribute to the growth of the country's

economy.  Efforts are also being made to include tourism in the curriculum for the 10+2 with

the help of Ministry of Human Resources Development so that the Generation Next not only

becomes aware of the issues but is also ready to take on the challenges in the tourism sector.

BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS WITH INDIA AND NORWAY

In 2005 bilateral trade between India and Norway reached 413 million US dollars. This

represents a 30% increase compared to the numbers in 2004. Norway would like to see a

further strengthening of trade with India, says the Norwegian Minister of Trade and Industry

Mr Dag Terje Andersen.

During my meeting with the Indian Minister of Commerce and Industry, Kamal Nath, in

November, I hope to promote a free trade agreement between EFTA (Iceland, Norway,

Liechtenstein, Switzerland) and India, says Minister Andersen.

Increased internationalization is a priority of the Norwegian government and an important

part of the industrial policy. Norway depends upon trade in order to sustain the high levels of

welfare and value creation. With regard to India this implies strengthening and expanding

economic cooperation, says Minister Andersen.

A free trade agreement between the EFTA countries and India will open up for increased

trade between India and Norway by decreasing and eliminating customs duties and other

barriers to trade, says Minister Andersen. Today Norwegian exports are mostly machines and

ships. About 35 Norwegian companies are established in India.

India is an interesting market for Norwegian shipping. More than 4000 Indian seafarers, the

great majority officers, serve on Norwegian ships. India and Norway are presently

workinging towards a bilateral maritime agreement. This agreement is supposed to provide

better commercial conditions in the Indian market for Norwegian ship owners. I will stress

the importance of both these agreements during my conversations and talks with my Indian

colleagues, Minister Nath and Minister Baalu in New Delhi, says Minister Andersen.

During the visit the focus will be on Indo-Norwegian economic cooperation in a range of

sectors such as the energy sector, the maritime sector, the marine sector, trade and services as

well as tourism. Both Indian and Norwegian businesses stand to benefit from closer

cooperation in these areas.

The political and economic importance of India, locally, regionally and globally, is

increasing. The country's economic growth over the past ten years has been impressive, and

all evidence suggests that the increase will continue. Considerable investments are being

made towards improving Indian infrastructure and securing Indian energy resources. Foreign

investments have increased considerably over the past years. India is thus a market with

enormous potential and opportunities.

The following basic facts are important:

(i) Most Norwegian businesses can understand English(ii) Indian visitors need valid Schengen Visa to enter Norway(iii) Norway has its resident Embassy in New Delhi. 

Norway has the potential for being an excellent partner for Indian businessmen in a number of ways. The country has an economy that defies stereotyping. While it is not a member the European Union, it is within the European Economic Area. It is a highly industrialized economy, but relies on commodity exports: Norway is one of the world's largest exporters of oil as well as natural gas. Norway's 5 million citizens enjoy per capita income of approx. $ 98,000 (nominal); $ 55,300 (PPP) per annum. On average, each citizen of this country imports $ 11,000 worth of goods annually and goes abroad twice for tourism. Under Norwegian law, the entire oil & gas export revenue is invested abroad under Government Pension Fund-Global, which has a total corpus of over US$ 700 billion at present. It also invests in India There are also other large Norwegian investors. 

Trade with NorwayAs shown by the latest Norwegian official figures the bilateral trade has witnessed rapid growth:

India –Norway Bilateral Trade Figures(all values in NOK million)

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Norway's imports from India

870.8 833.9 949.01188.7

1372.3

1496.7

1696.5

1965.9

2117.0

2224.4

2984.2

3356.7

2802.0

Norway's exports to India

434.3 528.8 491.2 867.11291.0

2147.2

3394.3

3089.1

3466.8

2548.7

2475.7

2075.9

1556.3

Total Trade

1305.1

1362.7

1440.2

2055.7

2663.2

3643.9

5090.8

5055.0

5583.8

4773.1

5459.9

5432.6

4358.3

Norway India Chamber Of Commerce And Industry (NICCI) Provided Yet Another Unique And Exclusive Forum For Norway-India Bilateral Relations

The Annual Member Meeting of the Norway India Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NICCI) was a power-packed discussion on the burgeoning Norway-India business relations in Oslo on Thursday, December 4, 2014.

Free Trade Agreement between EFTA States and India likely to be signed soon

Amidst a group of prominent faces from both Norwegian and Indian businesses, the State Secretary of Trade and Industry, Dilek Ayhan emphasized that the conclusion of negotiations between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and India is the most significant matter of discussion with India at the present. “Negotiations are very advanced and only a small number of technical issues remain to be solved. I am confident that the final result will be a mutual benefit for both the countries”, she said. In the light of the ongoing negotiations, Dilek Ayhan also announced that Norway remains committed to continue the work in order to conclude the negotiations and that the Minister of Trade and Industry, Monica Mæland intends to be in India in the near future.

Addressing the key issues in the broad-based free trade agreement (FTA) between the EFTA states and India, Indian Ambassador to Norway, NAK Browne also assured that the recent 13th round of negotiations held in November in New Delhi has made a considerable headway. “We (both Norway and India) are both on the same page on this issue. We are waiting to resolve some technical issues. The moment that gets out of the way, we will be ready to implement the EFTA agreement. And, I hope, by next year, we should have the benefits of EFTA agreement”, he asserted.

Norway to make the most of the momentum after the State Visit

After the successful state visit by the President of India to Norway in October, the State Secretary reiterated that it is time to make the most of the momentum to focus on what can be done to make the partnership between our countries even stronger. “We would like to look ahead and try to introspect on the future potential for the Indo-Norwegian economic relations. One of the highest priorities in our partnership with India is to further increase trade and investments,” she said.

Modest trade between the countries: a concern

However, both the State Secretary and the Indian Ambassador expressed their concern for the modest volume of trade between the two countries in spite of the fact that trips between the two nations have tripled and Norwegian investments in India have increased eight-fold during the last ten years. “Our countries are not utilizing the full potential of the trade relations”.

India as a preferred destination for business and investments

Considering the recently held State Visit by the Indian President to Norway a fillip to the robust bilateral ties between Norway and India, Ambassador NAK Browne assured that there is a

tremendous amount of vigour in the way the present government in India is dealing with commerce, trade and investment. Making a strong pitch for India as a preferred destination for business and investments, Ambassador Browne emphasized that India can offer a great amount of return on investments and that the groundwork has been made in order to attract foreign investments to the country. Insinuating to a recent survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), he also added that the FDI flows to India is to remain buoyant in the coming quarter. FDI flows into India will be valued at 14.1 billion US$ in the first five months of 2014-2015 and 3.5% year-on-year increase from the same period in the last fiscal, he added.

 

IT sector is one of the strongest sectors for investments in India

When one of the board members of NICCI, Torkel Thorsen from NHO asked about the promising sectors in India that have the potential for increased Norwegian-Indian economic cooperation, Ambassador Browne stated, “IT sector will remain one of the strongest sectors for investments. While the lynchpin in China is the manufacturing industry, in India it is the IT industry.” Borrowing a line from Narayan Murthy, the Co-founder of one the largest IT companies in India, Ambassador Browne drew the attention of the members present to the incredible story of India’s growth in the IT sector. IT industry creates more jobs than the public sector in India. It’s the biggest job creator in the country with 3.2 million employees and adding 200,000 jobs every year. “If you get into the IT sector, you won’t get it wrong”, he affirmed.

Norwegians can avail online tourist visa-on-arrival to India

Ambassador Browne also made a special mention of a weekly economic bulletin from the foreign office in India that can serve as a manual to get an overview of India’s commercial climate. It was decided that the NICCI website will publish regular updates from that bulletin. Chairperson, NICCI, Rina Sunder added to the favourable climate for investments in India when she spoke about the recently introduced scheme to provide online tourist visa-on-arrival to India. The electronic travel authorization which will be in the form of an email received by the tourist from the Indian authorities will entitle the prospective tourist to a 30-day stay in India. As part of the ‘Make in India’ campaign, she said, “Potential investors can post questions on doing business in India portal and they will be answered by a panel of experts within 72 hours.”

Minister of Trade and Industry along with the State Secretary likely to attend the business summit in India

On this occasion, Ambassador Browne took the opportunity to extend an invitation to the Prime Minister of Norway and the State Secretary of Trade and Industry to address the forum of Norway-Asia Business Summit to be organized by the Norwegian Business Association India (NBAI) in New Delhi in April, 2015. The State Secretary gladly welcomed the invitation and said, “I hope I will be able to attend the event in India and strengthen the economic relations between the two countries”. It is likely that Minister of Trade and Industry, Monica Mæland will also attend the summit in India, she said. It was heartening to hear Ayhan say, “Everything is based on the relations of trust. The more we meet, the more we create.” Profound and promising at the same time.

India and Norway today signed over a dozen pacts to step up cooperation in defence, science and technology,education and other sectors, as President Pranab Mukherjee invited Norwegian companies to join the 'Make in India' initiative of the new government.

Wrapping up his state visit to Norway, Mukherjee welcomed FDI in railways, roads, ports, power and communication sectors in India.

"We invite Norwegian companies to join Indian counterparts in the 'Make in India' initiative of the new government and we are presently simplifying the procedures to facilitate their participation in India's growth story,"

Mukherjee, the first Indian head of state to visit the Scandinavian country, said at the state banquet hosted by King Harald V and Queen Sonja at the Royal Palace.

India – Norway Relations

Beginning with the first official contact on 21.2.1947 through a telegraphed message from

Foreign Minister Halvard Lange to India’s Special Envoy V.K. Krishna Menon in Stockholm

confirming the Norwegian government’s in principle agreement to establish bilateral

relations, India and Norway have had cordial and friendly relations. The two countries

respect each other for commonly shared values such as democracy, human rights and rule of

law.

In recent years, both countries have been increasingly tapping bilateral economic and

technical complementarities.

There have been regular exchanges of high level visits between the two countries. Visits

from the Norwegian side during the last three years have included those of Prime Minister

Jens Stoltenberg in early February 2010 for the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit

(DSDS); Minister of Agriculture and Food Lars Peder Brekk in February, 2010; Foreign

Minister Jonas Gahr Støre in early March 2010 to co-chair the India-Norway Joint

Commission Session; Minister of Environment and International Development Erik Solheim

in March, 2010, November 2010, and February 2012; Trade and Investment Minister Trond

Giske in October 2010; Minister of Higher Education and Research Ms. Tora Aasland in

early February, 2011; Minister of Local Government and Regional Development , Ms. Liv

Signe Navarsete, from 10th to 13th January 2012; and, Minister of Government

Administration, Reform and Church Affairs to India, Ms. Rigmor Aasrud, from February 6-

8, 2012.

There have also been several Ministerial level visits from India to Norway, including that of

Shri Chidambaram, the then Finance Minister in October 2007 and Shri Kapil Sibal, Minister

of HRD in July 2008. Ministerial visits from India during 2010 included those of Minister of

State for S & T and Earth Sciences Shri Prithviraj Chavan in June 2010 to enhance

cooperation on Polar Research and other areas in Science & Technology and Dr. C.P. Joshi,

Minister for Rural Development and Panchayati Raj in September, 2010 to sign the MoU for

Mutual Cooperation on Local Governance. Shri Pawan Kumar Bansal, Hon’ble Minister of

Earth Sciences, Science and Technology & Parliamentary Affairs, visited Norway from 17-

22 May 2011 to further enhance cooperation on Polar Research and Science & Technology.

Hon’ble Minister for Shipping Shri G.K. Vasan visited Norway to attend the Maritime

Summit held in Oslo on 24 May 2011 and to increase bilateral cooperation in the area of

shipping. Shri Pallam Raju, Hon’ble Minister of State for Defence, made a goodwill visit to

Norway from 26 September to 1 October 2011. Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Hon’ble Minister for

New & Renewable Energy from 10-12 October 2011 visited Oslo to attend the Conference,

“Energy for all: Financing Access for the Poor” India-Norway Joint Commission sessions are

held on a regular basis under the chairmanship of the respective Foreign Ministers, the last

session having been held in New Delhi on March 2, 2010. Foreign Office Consultations

between the two Foreign Ministries are held on an annual basis, alternately in New Delhi and

Oslo, at the level of Secretaries. Norway has extended its support to India’s bid for a

permanent seat in the UN Security Council, as well as for India’s candidacy for a non-

permanent seat in the Security Council for the period 2011-2012.

Joint Working Groups.

The following Joint Working Groups (JWGs) have been set up under the auspices of the India-

Norway Joint Commission:- (i) JWG on Environment; (ii) JWG on Science and Technology; (iii)

JWG on Higher Education; (iv) JWG on Hydrocarbons; (v) JWG on Culture vi) JWG on Mutual

Cooperation on Local Governance and (vii) JWG on Maritime Matters.

Agreements and MOUs: The following Agreements and MoUs have been

signed between the countries:-

Agreements MOUsDouble Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) (1986; Revised DTAA signed in early February 2011)

MoU between Foreign Service Institutes of the two countries(2005)

Air Services Agreement (2008) MoU on Science & Technology (2006)Cultural Agreement (1961) MoU on Norway – India Partnership Initiative

(NIPI) (2006)Agreement on Social Security (2010)

MoU on Polar Research (2008)

MoU on Education and Research (2008)MoU on Cooperation on the area of Climate Change and CDM (2009)

MoU on Cooperation in the field of fisheries (2010)MoU for Mutual Cooperation on Local Governance (2010)

Agreements / MoUs under negotiations

i) Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Criminal Matters (ii) Trade and Investment Agreement between India and EFTA (Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland); (iii) Agreement on Exemption of Visas for holders of diplomatic and official passports; and, (iv) Maritime Cooperation Agreement.

Trade

Exports from Norway to India include electronic goods, general industrial machinery, scientific control equipment, artificial resins, plastic materials, non-ferrous metals, while the main items of export from India to Norway include transport equipment, apparels, cotton yarn and fabrics, miscellaneous manufactured articles, metals, non-metal mineral items, paper products, cashew, furniture, travel goods, leather items, coffee, tea, spices and footwear. There has been a substantial growth in economic and commercial relations between India and Norway in recent years especially in areas such as oil and gas, shipping and maritime industries, renewable energy, offshore projects and service sectors. This has given a major fillip to bilateral trade with the total trade between India and Norway as per Norwegian figures reaching USD 973 million in 2011 as compared with USD 167.78 million in 2003.

Investments

Around 70 Norwegian companies are engaged in India either through joint ventures with Indian partners or through wholly owned subsidiaries. Over 100 Norwegian companies have shown interest in possible business prospects in areas such as ship building, petroleum related services, marine/subsea drilling equipment, hydropower, clean energy, and IT services.

ONGC and Reliance Industries have tie ups with Norwegian companies in the petroleum and energy sector. There has also been a trend of Norwegian IT companies to either offshore their business to India or acquire shares in Indian companies. Indian IT majors like Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, ITC Infotech, Larsen & Toubro Infotech and Wipro have increased their presence in Norway over the last few years due to the existing potential of IT outsourcing contracts in the country.

Norwegian expertise in maritime operations, have been in demand in India and the Norwegian shipping industry has likewise discovered the potential and economic viability of building

vessels in Indian ship yards. More than 30 ships are in the pipeline, being built or delivered from Indian shipyards on orders from Norwegian ship owners. Telenor, Norway’s largest telecom company, has bought 60% stakes in India’s Unitech Wireless with an investment of US $

1200 million and launched its mobile services in India. Another major Norwegian investment in India has been by their largest paint manufacturer, Jotun. Indian companies have also invested in Norway over the last few years. One of the largest investments was by Chennai-based Aban Offshore which took over Norwegian drilling company Sinvest in early 2007, in a deal worth

around $1.3 billion. Another Chennai-based company, Siva Ventures acquired the Norwegian shipping company, J.B. Ugland Shipping AS for US $ 300 million in 2008; it has also acquired a Norwegian bottled-water company, Isklar AS, in 2010. Tata Motors recently bought a 50.3% stake in Norwegian company Miljo Grenland/Innovasjon, which specialises in developing hi-tech batteries for electric vehicles.

Norwegian investments in India are estimated at US $ 5.611 billion as of June 2011, including equity and fixed income investments of US $ 3.311 billion across 266 Indian stocks made by Norges Bank (Norwegian Central Bank) as part of Norway’s Pension Fund Global. Indian investments in Norway are estimated at US $ 1.833 billion. The overall bilateral economic engagement is estimated at over US$ 15 billion. Punjab National Bank inaugurated its Representative office in Oslo in January 2009, while DNBNor, the largest Norwegian Bank opened its Representative Office in Mumbai in February 2009. The process is underway to upgrade PNB’s representative office in Oslo to that of a Branch.

Science & Technology

During the second meeting of the Joint Working Group on Science & Technology held in Oslo in May, 2009, a Programme of Cooperation was signed by the two sides. Three Arctic Missions from India have so far visited Norway, in 2007, 2008 and 2009. India’s Polar Research Station “Himadri” was inaugurated by S&T Minister Shri Kapil Sibal at Ny Alesund in Svalbard

on July 01, 2008. The Research Station was also visited by S&T and Earth Sciences Minister Shri Prithviraj Chavan in June 2010 and his successor in the said Ministry Shri Pawan Kumar Bansal in May 2011.

Health

In pursuance of its commitment to achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 & 5 to bring down infant mortality and improve maternal health, Norwegian Government is supporting programmes in five Indian states (UP, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP and Orissa) to the tune of US$ 80 million over the 2006-2011 period, as part of the Norway India Partnership Initiative. Separately, under bilateral Bio-Technology co-operation, Norway is providing NOK 50 million for human vaccines research and NOK 15 million for animal and fish vaccines research.

Indian Community

The size of the Indian community in Norway as on 1 January 2010 was 9747, of whom 5882 held Norwegian passports and 3865 are NRIs. Most of the Indians living in Norway are professionals and highly successful in their respective fields. According to Norwegian Immigration Department figures,

India has become the leading source of foreign skilled professionals working in Norway. The number of skilled professionals from India has gone up from just 100 in 2005 to 1406 in 2009.

Visas

As compared to the past, many more Norwegians are now travelling to India for tourism and business purposes. The total number of visas issued the Embassy of India, Oslo have gone up from 8956 in 2005 to 16043 in 2011.

India - Travel & Tourism Total Contribution to GDP - Travel & Tourism Total

Contribution to GDP - % share

The share of Travel & Tourism spending or employment in the equivalent economy-wide

concept in the published national income accounts or labour market statistics. Visitor exports are

compared with exports of all goods and services Domestic Travel & Tourism spending is

compared with GDP Government individual Travel & Tourism spending is compared with total

government spending Internal Travel & Tourism consumption is compared with total internal

consumption (i.e. total domestic spending plus total export) Leisure Travel & Tourism

contribution to GDP is compared with total GDP Business Travel & Tourism contribution to

GDP is compared with total GDP Travel & Tourism capital investment spending is compared

with all fixed investment spending

Date Value Change %

2014 6.8 3.03%

2013 6.6 1.54%

2012 6.5 -1.52%

2011 6.6 1.54%

2010 6.5 -2.99%

2009 6.7 -6.94%

2008 7.2 0.00%

COMPANY/INDUSTRY DETAILS

Liza World Travels

Liza World Travels is a Government approved leading tour operator and travel agent in

North East India catering to foreign tourists and Indian visitors. Liza World Travels is an

accredited member of Indian Association of Tour Operators (IATO), Association of Tour

Operators of North East India (ATONEI), Adventure Tour Operators Association of India

(ATOAI), and Arunachal Pradesh Tour Operators Association (APTOA).

Its started as an entrepreneurial venture in 1999, Liza World Travels soon established

itself in the North East of India and has since expanded rapidly to become a leading specialist in

operating tours and is arguably the best operator of tailor-made journeys to North East of India

today.

Our team consists of local people from diverse fields who share a common passion for

travel. Our experience and backgrounds lend innovative thinking in addressing design and

operational issues.

We have personally all of the destinations featured in our brochures. Our knowledge is

constantly updated through frequent visits as well as training. We can therefore give an

immediate and considered response to most queries. Our field personnel /Guides in North East

are regularly trained, so when they escort you for the tour they fully appreciate your needs and

standards.

Our offices in Delhi and Arunachal Pradesh coordinate your itineraries. Coupled with our

wide personal contacts in the North East, this enables us to provide the holiday experience you

seek.

Address

Ms. Neharika Sahgel

Mr. Jamoh Umbrey

Delhi office

Flat -582, DDA Flat, Pocket-16, Sector-3, Adarsh Apatment. Dwarka,

New Delhi-110075

(M) 09891150059/09911192874

011- 28086289

Arunachal Pradesh office

Mayu-II, Roing

District- Lower Dibang Valley

Arunachal Pradesh-792110

03803-222277

0-9891150059/09436095632

Website: - www.lizaworldtravels.com

Email: - lizaworldtravels.inbound@gmail.com

Major Players of Arunachal Pradesh Tourism

Travel agents at Arunachal Pradesh

Address Contact Details

Muanglang Tours And Trades.Namsai,Lohit District,Arunachal Pradesh.

62343 (STD: 03759)40378 (STD: 03759)40368 (STD: 03759)

Donyi Hango Adventure Tours And Travels.

Mrs. Yane Dai,Managing Director,'C' Sector, Naharlagun,Arunchal Pradesh- 791110.

+91-360-244977.

Tribal Voyage.

Ms. Aruna Ngemu,Managing Director,'O' Point Tinali,Near PCCF Office,Itanagar,Arunachal Pradesh

+91-360-2244731

Himalayan Holidays. Mr. Tsering Wange,Managing Director,

+91-3782-222017

ABC Building,Main Market,Bomdila,Arunachal Pradesh-790001.

Tribal Adventure.

Mr. John Panya,Managing Director,Borun,Naharlagun,Arunachal Pradesh.

+91-360-2243887,2245980.

North East Tourist Corporation.

Mr. Lawrence Koj,Executive Director,D.N. College Road,(Near Water Tank)Vivek Vihar,Itanagar,Arunachal Pradesh-791113.

+91-360-2217534,2211054 (O)+91-360-2213041, 2246902 (R)

Peak Tours And Travels.

Mr. Tilling Dolley,Managing Director,Talle Valley Road,Ziro,Arunachal Pradesh-791120.

+91-3788-225221,

Duyu Tours And Travels.

Mr. Duyu Tamo,Managing Director,Vivek Vihar,Itanagar,Arunachal Pradesh-791113.

+91-360-2216450,+91-360-2218056

Liza Travels.

Mr. L. Umbrey,Director,P.O. Roing,Lower Dibang Valley District,Arunchal Pradesh.

+91-3803-222585

Market Size and share

The tourism sector is among the top 10 sectors in India to attract the highest foreign direct investment (FDI). In the period April 2000 – August 2014, this sector attracted around US$ 7,441 million of FDI, according to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).

A high and positive growth of 12.5 per cent was registered in foreign tourist visits (FTVs) to north-eastern states of India during 2012 from 2011, which further rose by more than 100 per cent to register a growth of 27.9 per cent during 2013 from 2012. Among these north-eastern states, Manipur recorded the highest FTVs followed by Arunachal Pradesh and then Tripura.

FTAs in India witnessed a growth of 12.9 per cent in the period July 2013 – July 2014, according to data received from Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. The FTAs during the period January–July 2014 stood at 4.11 million as compared to 3.87 million during the corresponding period of 2013, registering a growth of 4.4 per cent. USA contributed the highest number to foreign arrivals in India followed by Bangladesh and the UK.

Foreign exchange earnings (FEE) during January–July 2014 stood at US$ 11.055 billion as compared to US$ 10.85 billion during the same period last year. FEE during July, 2014 stood at Rs 10,336 crore (US$ 1.68 billion) compared to Rs 8,620 crore (US$ 1.41 billion) in July, 2013.

Direct contribution of tourism to GDPThe tourism and hospitality sector’s direct contribution to GDP totalled US$ 37.3 billion in 2013.

Foreign tourists arriving in India

Over 6.8 million foreign tourist arrivals were reported in India during 2013.

Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in IndiaTotal foreign exchange earnings from tourism grew to US$ 18.1 billion in 2013.

Expected share of tourists by expenditure

Domestic travellers are expected to contribute around 84.7 per cent to total tourism revenues by 2024

Road Ahead

The medical tourism market in India is projected to hit US$ 3.9 billion mark this year having grown at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 27 per cent over the last three years, according to a joint report by FICCI and KPMG. Also, inflow of medical tourists is expected to cross 320 million by 2015 compared with 85 million in 2012.

The tourism industry is also looking forward to the E-visa scheme which is expected to double the tourist inflow to India.

Duties applicable in Tourism Industry

1. Establish tourist information centre at all districts headquarters of the state.

2. Develop the perception arunachal Pradesh in the major source market areas of India and abroad as a destination offerings quality attraction facilities and experience.

3. Design and execute marketing activities which build on Arunachal Pradesh-distinctive features and advantages.

4. Tourist information services.

5. Publicize tourism through newspaper, holiday supplements and editorial coverage, audiovisual material –slide, film and video shows for use in travel seminar.

6. The respective roles and duties should be clearly defined with their promotional activities closely coordinated.

STEEPLED Analysis

Norway Tourism

Social Environment

The improvements of infrastructure and new leisure amenities that result from tourism also benefit the local community.

Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals that might otherwise have been allowed to wane and it creates civic pride. Interchanges between hosts and guests create a better cultural understanding and can also help to raise global awareness of issues such as poverty and human rights abuses.

There is some concern that tourism development may lead to destinations which may lead cultural identity by catering for the perceived needs of tourists – particularly from international markets.

A community involved in the planning and implementing of tourism has a more positive attitude, is more supportive and has better chance of making a profit than a population passively ruled – or overrun – by tourism.

The core elements of sustainable tourism development is community development. This gives the community the process and capacity to make decisions that consider the long-term economy, ecology and equity of all communities.

Tourism provides opportunities for regional development particularly for regional areas undergoing structural changes. Being a labour intensive industry, the right encouragement tourism can deliver great employment and training opportunities particularly for young people.

Tourism can help to foster a sense of community pride as visitors choose to visit a location for a reason.

However, community pride is related to economic prosperity with affluent communities more likely to take pride in their district. Well-presented towns and well-maintained facilities help the visitors to feel welcome and can contribute to community pride.

Tourism can be used as a tool for raising awareness. Branding of local product and achievements are created for regional identity both nationally and internationally. Tourism can also raise awareness of local issues and needs of people.

Tourism can boost the preservation and transmission of cultural as well as historical traditions. This often contributes to the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, protection of local heritage and a revival of indigenous cultures, cultural arts and crafts.

Technological Environment

Technology is key connection to the innovation of our products and services.

Making Waves is a consulting company in Norway and they use content analysis, insight into users’ online behavior and design thinking to develop innovative digital services.

With design thinking at core they believe that true insight into consumers’ needs combined with a deep understanding of business processes and opportunities across tourism sector is key to deliver innovative and engaging service concepts and experiences that offer added value. Technology design has a key connection to the innovation of product services and business models for our solutions.

This focuses on user-experience is also influencing our clients’ organizational structure and business culture. They use design and technology to transform how our clients operate, communicate and manage information. They look at entire customer journey with digital product at the center of their solutions.

Ecological Environment

Today lives in Norway means enjoying a comfortable city life as well as living in an ecosystem-centered value system. Norway is not only recognizes the risks of climate change, but also tries to limit it. Through ecological environment, Norwegian society expresses its deeply egalitarian and humanitarian ideas. The government has turned this state of mind into the policy of sustainable development ("meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs") and an idea that encompasses almost every sectors of society.

Multinational team with understanding of local markets;

1. In their offices in Oslo and Krakow(Norway), Making Waves employs consultants not only from the local markets but also from the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Austria, Italy, USA, Canada, Italy and across Scandinavia.

2. This offers a unique blend of expertise and understanding for tourism sector from across the borders. 

3. With background in journalism, content creation, graphic design, web strategy, linguistics and translations, international relations and tourism, there team can provide content both engaging and effective in building a destination brand, presenting travel related services, or providing online visitors a flavor of their offering.

4. Whether the organization is looking to market a city, country, hotel, venue, cruise line or airline, Making Waves can work with you to deliver the best web strategy and digital solution for your customers worldwide.

Economical Environment

Tourism in Norway is mainly nature-based. An important contributor to the country’s economy. Tourism is also an important tool of counter centralization, through the creation of livelihoods in the districts.

Tourism accounts are for approximately 4 per cent of Norway’s GDP and employs 7 per cent of the work force. Much of the tourism is nature-based and there are some environmental concerns related to the consequences of tourism for wilderness areas.  

The indirect effects add 30 to 40 percent output value to the direct production effects of tourists' spending. Total direct and indirect effects generate approximately 10 percent of total output in each county (public services not included), 7-9 percent in retail businesses and between 54 and 65% of output in the hotel and restaurant sector.

Tourism in Norway is characterized by a strong fluctuation in demand that are a consequence of seasonal concentration. This results in to number of challenges for the Norwegian tourism industry including the ability to generate profits and attract and retain staff at all levels.

Reducing seasonal concentration of demand for tourism is their priority.

In order to develop counter-seasonal strategies, it is useful to have an understanding of the seasonal concentration of demand for tourism which the relatively to marginal effect of different markets.

The former identifies patterns of seasonal concentration which can be used to measure any year-on-year changes. It can also be used to benchmark seasonal concentration in one geographical area against that of other areas in Norway. The latter, it provides opportunities to target markets that reduce seasonal concentration.

Tourism is an important part of the Norway’s economy. In 2011, demand of tourism in Norway contributed 29 million commercial guest nights including at hotels and similar establishments, campsites, cabins and hostels. Over a quarter of those guest nights were foreign (Statistics Norway, 2012).

Total expenditure by tourists in Norway was estimated to be 106 billion Norwegian Kroner in 2009 with almost 30% of total expenditure by foreign tourists. The tourism industry was employed 2.2 million full-time equivalents in 2009.

The tourism industry’s total share of Norwegian GDP and employment was 3.3% and 6.3%

respectively in 2009 (Statistics Norway, 2012).In its SoriaMoria Declaration, the Norwegian

Government states that national strategies will be developed within the five industries where

Norway has expertise or a special advantage and tourism is one of those five industries.

One of the main tasks involved in the development of tourism in Norway is that to ensure that

further growth is converted into increased value creation and greater profitability.

There are a number of challenges faced by the Norwegian tourism industry that affect its ability to increase value creation and achieve greater profitability.

One of the challenges is the seasonal concentration of demand for tourism in Norway which is reduced to seasonal concentration of demand for tourism is no easy matter because the causes are usually structural in nature and are therefore difficult to change.

Types of initiatives that can be used to counter seasonal concentration;

1. Market diversification: - which can be combined with segmentation strategies, price differentials and targeted advertising and promotional campaigns.

2. Product diversification: - which could include the introduction of events and festivals.

3. Structural responses: - such as public sector initiatives to maintain services and access to facilities outside of the main season.

Effect of tourism on economy of Norway

1. Downturn continues to impact travel and tourism

Current value sales of all products and services except tourist attractions in Norway increased in the year 2012. However, sales of most categories were still lower than the downturn. Only travel accommodation had significantly surpassed pre-downturn levels terms by 2012. Other categories suffered from the discounting that retailers and suppliers are used to boost volume growth. As a result, many of the categories such as transportation and car rental reached higher volume sales than prior to the downturn in 2011/2012, while value sales continued to lag behind in 2012.

2. Internet channel maturing; mobile sales have potential in some categories

The position of the internet sales channel strengthened during the review period and accounted for around half of all sales for all categories except for tourist attractions. The air transportation category in particular is grown dynamically during the review period, and it became the leading category for online sales. Travel accommodation sales is also saw strong growth within the online channel, while the tourist attractions category saw strong growth but only had a low share of online sales. The mobile channel was very immature in 2012 but larger providers of products and services in hotels and car rental were activating services, and the forecast period is expected to witness new developments and increased sales for the mobile channel in those categories that see sufficient investment.

3. Sustainable travel and tourism products and services can boost sales

Norway being a nature tourism destination in green sustainable products and services fit well into product development and marketing strategies. There was increased activity and engagement by the tourism industry to present sustainable products and services during the review period in Norway .

Programs like Norwegian Ecotourism, a customized scheme for nature-based travel and tourism enterprises, as well as environmental labeling programmers emerged during the review period, including Scandinavian eco-label Swan, Eco-Lighthouse and ISO 14001. On one side large chains such as travel accommodation providers were active in eco-labeling, but smaller providers were also interested in sustainable positioning. Green travel products and services will represent opportunity to add value to products and services in a competitive environment during the forecast period.

4. Sales growth of travel products will be moderate during the forecast period

Value sales of travel and tourism products are expected to grow moderately during the forecast period. This will be mainly because of intense competition and discounting taking place in several categories. Due to this development, the unit prices are expected to face strong pressure in most categories. While transportation and car rental are likely to see significant price competition and other categories such as travel accommodation and tourist attractions could see value added by active engagement from companies through strategies such as environmental certification and labeling.

Political Environment

Tourism is generating receipts of US$ 476 billion in 2000 and growth rates above five per cent per annum, tourist destinations have a lot to lose if they lose their attraction to tourists.

While Europe and Northern America are still by far the main tourist destinations, the developing regions in the world increase their market share rapidly.

Many of developing countries also derive a much higher share of their GDP from tourism receipts than developed countries.

Developing country regions, in which tourism is growing fastest, have been benefited from providing low-skilled and labor-intensive tourism services that can provide an income stream, which is steadier than the volatile receipts from natural resource extraction (Levantis and Gani 2000).

Tourism represents an important contribution in the economic development in many developing countries – see Sinclair’s (1998) comprehensive survey. Unfortunately in the developing country regions are also more vulnerable as they represent the main locations of violence.

For a number of reasons, the events of violence are likely to impact upon tourism both contemporaneously and with lagged effects. Tourists might be locked into bookings which are already made and it takes time to realize the full extent of the instability.

As the tourists are sensitive towards the negative image of a tourist destination, events of violence can affect a tourist destination long after the event has passed and stability has, in effect, been restored. Tourism will only bounce back to what it was before if the negative image is erased from the tourists’ mind. Depending on how sustained the period of violent events and negative media coverage has been. This might take years.

Countries with a negative image due to the past events of violence often attempt to improve their image with aggressive advertising campaigns trying to portray themselves as entirely safe destinations.

Legal Environment

The policy tools adopted for environmental evaluation of Norway are different for the countries. Norway has adopted an administrative approach to scrutinize environmental implications of tourism policies. The requirements are provided in principle basis (i.e. contains the basic components / requirements for evaluation) rather than prescriptive procedural approach.

There are twelve (i.e. Austria, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, United States of America, China, Japan and South Korea) out of which nineteen countries have environmental evaluation mechanisms for tourism plans and programmers’.

Norway is adopting both statutory and administrative framework while the other countries adopted either administrative or statutory policy tools.

If a tourist, who neither live, study, work or have a spouse or children under 18 years in Norway, you may use a vehicle registered in another country during the visit.

The strategic environmental assessment approach has been adopted in Norway .The requirements of the strategic environmental assessment for tourism plans and programs of these European countries are based on the EU’s strategic environmental assessment Directive. An environmental assessment is required if the tourism plan / program will set the framework for the future consent of a designated project.

Two organizations, Asian Development Bank and World Bank have requirements on environmental evaluation of tourism plans and programs. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) assists the countries in integrating environmental considerations during planning and decision-making process but there is no stated requirement.

This describes the environmental evaluation requirements in Norway, Which have environmental evaluation mechanisms for tourism policies and / or tourism plans or program.

Requirement for scanning and screening of Norway tourism

The requirements for screening and scoping vary with the countries;

1 Environmental report for analyzing the assessment results of tourism policies and / or plans and programs is required in Norway..

2 The content which are requirements in the environmental reporting are provided in the relevant statutory or administrative requirements in Norway

3 The environmental report for describing and analyzing the assessment results is not required in Norway.

Ethical Environment

With the Norway being a nature tourism destination, green sustainable products and services fit well into product development and marketing strategies. There was increased in activity and engagement by the tourism industry to present sustainable products and services during the review period.

Programs like Norwegian Ecotourism, a customized scheme for nature-based travel and tourism enterprises, as well as environmental labeling programs emerged during the review period, including Scandinavian eco-label Swan, Eco-Lighthouse and ISO 14001.

On other hand large chains such as travel accommodation providers were active in eco-labeling, but smaller providers were also interested in sustainable positioning. The Green travel products and services will represent an opportunity to add value to products and services in a competitive environment during the forecast period.

Demographical Environment

The tourism has positive and negative effect. In the positive, the creation of employment the increase in the economic levels the positive effect for the new inversions in the conservation of natural spaces, avoids the migration of the local population, and improves the economic and socio-cultural level of the local population. The commercialization of the locals’ products, interchange of ideas, costumes and the sesibilization of the tourists and local population for protection of the environment.

The tourism is one of the intensive sectors of employment, is one of the few alternatives to the destruction of employs caused by the technological change, the globalization process and the reduction of the working time.

The negative effects is, as important then the positives, is the rising of the consume of ground, water, energy, destruction of landscapes with the creations of news infrastructures, the raise in the production of disposals, the alteration of ecosystems, the introduction of exotic species of animals and plants, the lost of traditional habits, the raise of the prostitution (sexual tourism), the narcotic traffic, more forest fires and the raise of the prices of the houses.

Different kinds of tourism and with different kinds demographic of impacts.

It is clear that the level of impact of depends on the class of tourism. One family that goes hiking a day to the Alps not makes the same impact that a caravan of all-terrain vehicles in the same place, or that a great hotel in Mediterranean.

So to analyze the main types of tourism and their main effects to try to obtain the solutions for these problems.

1 Tourism of work or businesses:

Hardly has it impacts except for consumes produced by the fuel of the airplanes.

2 Tourism of beach:

The most common way of tourism and one of the most dangerous for the environment principally by the concentration of people in zones relativity small as it produces impacts by the high-operation of resources, the increase in the production of remainders, the increase in the prices of the houses, and another types of impacts that have been treated previously

3 Adventure tourism:

It maybe the worse one of all the tourism, usually it goes to unaltered zones, and quickly degrades by the discharge by the high consumption of resources to per capita, the problem bends if this takes control of all-terrain vehicles, that used to go out of the paths

4 Rural tourism, or mountain tourism:

There are small hotels in the middle of the field, its impacts are not very you seed because never they have many seats, are a form of tourism non massed, if it solves some problems approaches enough the sustainable tourism. This phenomenon is causing a change of the traditional flow in city to the opposite side. People are

moving to rural areas that is far away from cities and this is causing a re-organization of the economic activity of the rural areas

5 Eco-tourism:

It's supposed to be the sustainable tourism, is tourism non-massed, that it does not consume you seed amounts of resources, in which his users are consciences with the nature and tries to diminish the impacts.

6 Agro tourism:

It is also related to sustainable tourism. It's a kind of tourism in which the tourist takes part of agricultural activities in farms, and places like this. The farmer welcomes guests and he shows them his job related to how to be in touch with the animals, the plants, the craft, etc. This kind of tourism gives life to the rural area, and it proposes comforts in agreement with the habits of the area.

7 Other types of tourism:

In this group use to put all the types of minority tourism, or seasonal, the impacts are very diverse depending on the type. Among others can be mentioned, the tourism of religious peregrination, the gastronomic tourism, the tourism of events, the cultural 

Different types of cost involved in Norway tourism

Economic Cost:

Fundamentally as the contribution of the sector to the balances. The balance of payments to the impact on the income of the government and to the creation of use. These factors have been determining so that, considering to the tourism like panacea of the development which are very few have taken care to analyze their negative effects. The negative economic impact on local scale, are the destiny areas those that can be suffered economically when they depend on the tourism. Generally, the development of tourist goods and services reverts positively in any area, but when the tourism is not limited to appear as a form of diversification in the local economy, but that it totally supplants to the originating gains of the traditional activities.

They open the economy to the instability and due to this change in the tourist routes, the diminution of the publicity, the influence of tourist, “fashions” to the seasonal productive variation, etc.

If the duality does not take place, frequent enough situation, the tourism can cause an inflationary tendency. This inflationary tendency takes place by the pressure that settle down on the ground, prices and taxes that directly affect the local population, without considering the previous uses and customs.

In the zones where the tourism becomes an institutionalized activity the inflation becomes patent in the disturbed ascent of the Earth, the goods, the food etc. For that directly they are involved in the tourist development the benefit is high, but not thus for the rest of the local population.

The correlation between the generation of income by the tourism is recognized and the use creation, the created positions, that as a whole reduce the figure of unemployment, is it on time partial or on time complete but unstable temporarily.

The low potential productivity of the work in the Tourist Company can have a depressive effect on the local economic growth.

The entirely exposed one previously can be transformed in costs derived from the fluctuations of the tourist demand: a destiny that have attractive for the visitors.

1 Possible inflation derived from the tourist activity:

The buying capacity of the visitors is greater than the one of the resident population and this causes ascent of prices of the ground, feeding and services.

2 Loss of potential economic benefits:

High dependency of foreign capital, flight of economic benefits.

3 Distortions of the local economy:

Centralization of the economic activity in an only type of activity.

4 Impact on the work:

The sector generates work unstable.

Social cost:

The social impact on the receiving areas of tourism like any other aspect related to the sector can have positive and negative effects.

It is possible to emphasize the recovery and conservation of cultural values that but for the attractiveness which it offers to the visitors, would be gotten to lose. It is the case of a preservation and historical monument rehabilitation and places, whose cost the small communities cannot do in front.

Nevertheless, when one is a place of tourist interest destine special economic games for his attack. Of the same form, many of the local customs have been revitalized like part of the plans for the tourist supply (like tourist resources).

In many places is been seen appear again traditional customs that they were had lost: “folklore”, crafts, festivals, gastronomy, etc. One of the most important positive social aspects is the improvement in the facilities and services: sanitary attention, means of transport, parks, etc.

In spite of the undeniable social-cultural impulse that these positive aspects represent, it is not necessary to forget that a negative impact also exists.

The first remarkable negative impact is the social differences between local population and visitors. In certain destinies mainly in those of the most underprivileged countries, the call developing countries, the residents get to become true servants of the tourists. It creates between the local population certain resentment towards the visitors and appears areas of social tension. Thus the tourism establishes the bases of a new form of colonialism based on the foreign currency dependency.

The external workers occupy the jobs, the uses that they require greater qualification, being left the repaid works worse for the local population.

As a result, the indicated socioeconomic differences it appears what more negative of the tourism can be considered like the social impact, the increase of prostitution, the game, the drugs, in general criminal aspects that never had arisen without the appearance of the visitors.

Once again this circumstance is more frequent in the developing countries. The tourism also can cause a des-cauterization of the destiny.

The local population is superior considers the culture of the tourists. Of this form the indigenous cultures try to adapt to the customs of the visitors and they are possible to be ended up destroying the elements that at their moment represented greater the attractiveness for the tourist.

Environmental cost:

The impact of the tourism on the environment is really the most negative aspect of the sector.

The tourist activity when becoming a massive phenomenon, requires great infrastructure and complexes services that not always have a suitable planning, and this has taken it to become a deteriorate constant of the natural and social environment. Non single it has transformed the physical aspect of the tourist zones, but that has generated serious upheavals ecological:

1 destruction of ecosystems,2 diminution of the amount and quality of the water,3 impoverishment and contamination of grounds,4 extinction of multiple species of the fauna,5 Severe affectation of the flora, fishing depredation and contamination of the sea.

It has produced in addition to population and urban growth disordered and lack of services public, among others.

Destruction of ecosystems is one of the greater threats for the ecosystems is the massive presence of visitors.

Throughout the years, only considered at the time of exploding a zone for the tourism was the fast enrichment of the people involved in the sector.

The tourism became an activity that sent crowds on the defenseless nature. In this context it is no wonder that gradual destruction of numerous ecosystems took place in many countries, but mainly in those considered tourist “paradises”.

Diminution of the amount and the quality of the water: The arrival of tourists to many zones where the water is little has had a devastating effect on the reserves of this natural good.

The causes have been few: the number of visitors, whom in many case the amount, has exceeded to which really it is possible to be supplied in many zones. The rating facilities by which water is wasted, as they are the golf courses or the fresh water swimming pools and the city-planning mastication, etc. All this gets to affect the agricultural development and the ecological balance of the zone.

The lack of water can favor the desertization.

Impoverishment and contamination of grounds:

A great amount of originating substances of the human activity exists that, added to the ground, changes their chemical properties and they make it unproductive.

Some of the urban substances like sweeping remainders, used oils, etc. are related to the tourist activity. The solid remainders as much as liquid can include a great variety of chemical substances, that frequently pierce the ground and they not only contaminate this one if not that also the underground water bodies contaminate. Of this form the grounds stop being productive.

Extinction of multiple species of the fauna:

The performance of the tourism on the forest masses and the uncontrolled city-planning growth is, along with the hunting, the greater dangers for the fauna in many of the zones in which we found a diminution of species. In the sea, the wealth of fish is being seen seriously affected.

In the Mediterranean, 60 % of residual waters still are spilled through the sea without a suitable treatment. The growth of population in the coasts is impressive and to this growth it is necessary to add to him to the impact of the tourism and the second residences. Esteem that is high season in the Mediterranean will go of 135 million of 1990 up to 570 million in 2025.

In order to avoid the ecological disaster in this zone of the world it is necessary to develop plans that go beyond the municipal expositions.

Severe affectation of the flora:

The massive presence of visitors in natural zones in the same way affects the flora that to the fauna. In some zones, the proliferation of sport activities (motorcycles, mountain bikes, vehicles

all land, etc.) It causes serious problems of erosion of the ground that, inevitably, affects the flora.

STEEPLED Analysis

Arunachal Pradesh Tourism

Introduction

Arunachal Pradesh, a mysterious, magical and mystical land tucked away in the north eastern tip of India is one of the most compelling holiday destinations in India. This remotest outpost of the North Eastern states entices the adventurer with its picturesque moutain peaks, swift rivers and verdant valleys.

The frontier state of India, Arunachal Pradesh shares its border with Tibet (China), Bhutan and Myanmar (Burma). A unique habitat with glaciers, high altitude meadows, sub-tropical forests and an amazing array of flora and fauna, all this and more strewn generously with glistening water bodies and gushing rivers.

Its dense forests, snow clad peaks, towering mountains and roaring rivers offer numerous opportunities for rafting, hiking, mountaineering or simply basking- in all it's beauty

Arunachal Pradesh has more than 550 rare species of orchids and hundreds of species of rare plants, covering more than 60% of the total area.

The wildlife is equally rich and varied, which includes elephants, tigers, leopards, jungle cats and also white gibbons, red pandas, the musk and the "Mithun" (BOS FRONTALIS).

Arunachal Pradesh also finds mention in literature such as the Kalika Puran and epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana. It is believed that sage Vyasa was here to do penance. One more interesting feature is the remains of a brick structure scattered around two villages in the hills north of Roing, believed to be the palace of Rukmini, the consort of Lord Krishna.

The people with a glorious past have a deep sense of beauty that finds delightful expression in their songs, dances and crafts.

STEEPLED Analysis

Arunachal Pradesh Tourism

&

Indian Tourism

Political Factor:-

Political Factor On Tourism Industry in Arunachal Pradesh:-

Arunachal Pradesh Has light of the political instability.

Arunachal Pradesh was heavily dependent on the tourism, as the sector was the 3ed-largest revenue generator for the country. In 2013, more than 200,00 people visited Arunachal Pradesh.

According to the Ministry of Tourism, it has 244 hotels with 3,927 hotel rooms.

Politics of Arunachal Pradesh takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic in the President of Arunachal Pradesh is head of state with a presidentially appointed Prime Minister as the head of government, and of a many-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is west in both the government and the National Assembly.

The Judiciary in independent of the executive and the general assembly

The Assembly meets for two regular sessions each year. It debates and votes on the legislation propose either by one of its members or by the government and has the right to question government ministers about government actions and policies.

Eight political parties, aggregated into four parliamentary groups, are represented in the Assembly. ADEMA currently holds the majority; minority parties are represented in all committees and in the Assembly directorate.

Political Factor On Tourism Industry In India:-

India has a stable democratic government. This entails stability for the tourism industry.

The center has a specifically ministry of tourism whose prime purpose is to device plans and strategies for the welfare of Indian tourism industry.

India as a nation is divided into various smaller state and every state has its own tourism department. These departments frequently fight with each other in ensuring higher tourist inflow into their respective states.

Government is the gumption of the entire tourism industry and should support the private players.

Government charges high rates of taxes on the luxury and the star category hotels. A luxury tax of 10% followed by VAT and other service taxes of approx. 10% (on food, beverages, etc.) makes hotel business in India very costly.

Because the political environment is not contributing, Kashmir and North- East have suffered from tourism revenue despite the high potential they possess.

Following Godhra riots, Gujarat experienced abbreviated tourists to the state.

After years, government decided to personalization airports and now India can boast of good airports like IGI, Delhi and Rajiv Gandhi International at Hyderabad. The ministry of tourism design national policy of the development and promotion of tourism.

The price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 28th out of 139 countries. It mentions that India has quite best air transport (ranked 39th), particular given the country’s stage of development, or reasonable ground transport infrastructure (ranked 43rd).

Some other aspects of its tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped however. The nation has many few hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low ATM penetration.

The Indian government has identified a shortfall of 150,000 hotel rooms, with most of the undersupply in the budget sector.

The Indian government aims to dual tourism revenue by 2017.

Economic Factor:-

Economic Factor On Tourism Industry In Arunachal Pradesh:-

Arunachal Padesh has a vast tourism and ther vision and ambition is to make Arunachal Pradesh a first class tourist destination in India.

Arunachal Pradesh’s tourism sector provides employment is approximately 33thousand.

The economic outlook for tourism in Arunachal Pradesh is positive. The donation of the travel and tourism economy (including direct and indirect impacts) to GDP is expected to rise from 4.9% (US$523 million) in 2010 to 6.1% (US$1,090 million) by 2020.

The donation to employment is expected to rise from 80,000 jobs in 2010, to 129,000 jobs by 2020.

Arunachal Pradesh use to get 170,000 tourists a year, and each spent on average $100 a day.

Economic Factor On Tourism Industry In India:-

The Tourism sector of Indian economy is at present experiencing a huge growth.

The Tourism sector of Indian economy has become one of the major industrial sectors under the Indian economy.

India’s tourism sector is among the fastest growing economies of the world.

India’s tourism industry earns foreign exchanges deserving 21,828 crore. Previous year the growth rate of the tourism sector of Indian economy was recorded as 17.3%.

A higher economic growth also assures increase, in investments in the infrastructure, promotional consumptions, construction of newer tourist boulevard, beautification of cities and towns etc. These assure a boost to the tourism industry.

Tourism in India is the largest service industry, with a contribution of 7% per annum to the National GDP. A higher economic growth ensures rise in annual income hence increase in domestic tourism.

India’s tourism sector provides 8.78% per annum of the total employment in India.

India witnesses’ more than 17.9 million annual foreign tourist comers and 740 million domestic tourism visits.

Capital Investment in the Indian tourism sector will increase by 8.8% per year.

The demand of travel and tourism with in India is going to increase by 8.2%. This growth rate is 3rd highest in the whole world.

In India absolute majority of foreign tourists come from USA and UK.

The tourism industry in India generated about 100 US$ billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate.

In the year 2010, 17.9 million foreign tourists visited India.

Social factor:

Social factor affect of Arunachal Pradesh tourism industry

Arunachal Pradesh has potential as tourist destination, with its rich cultural heritage, ancient cities

and archaeological sites.

Tourism remains very small subsector of the economy.

Tourist facilities are limited. In 2012-13 some 91,00 tourists visited Mali. generating income of aprox. US$50 million.

Social factor affect of India tourism industry

India a diverse nation with end numbers of languages, cultures, traditions, cuisines;

make it an ideal destination of cultural tourism.

The depth of diversity can be concluded from the fact that India has more than 22

constitutional languages and 1600 dialects.

Indian culture has mostly emphasized on respecting and entertaining their guests very well.

The Sanskrit Shloka “ATHITHI DEVO BAHVAH” (guest is god) is the essence of

Indian tradition.

This warmth and love for their guests has always been appreciated by tourists in

general and foreign ones in particular.

India has vibrant and rich history of cultures that can also attract many culture lovers

and scholars for further studies and exploration.

Most of the people at India can communicate and understand in English, This gives

added advantage to India in comparison to its neighboring counterparts in attracting foreign

tourist.

Technological factor

Tecnolological factor affect of Arunachal Pradesh tourism

The government has launched programs to develop tourism.

Arunachal Pradesh transportation facility is poor so not more tourist attact.

Arunachal Pradesh in internat facility are costly & not mor educational pertion so also affect tourist.

Technological factor affect of India tourism industry

At this time Information Technology plays a very important role in tour planning and its implementation.

Start from searching the tourists spots to booking hotels and transportation to transferring money every where web based platforms are used.

In the Indian context there are plenty of such web based portals such as makemytrip, yatra etc.

India being an IT superpower is capable enough for future development of such

avenues in a very cost efficient and technologically superior way.

For the growth of tourism it is essential that a country must be equipped with state of the art transportation facilities.

It must have very efficient transportation system that can help in transporting both large volume of people and goods in a cost effective, fast and comfortable fashion.

Environmental & Legal Factor:

The International Tourism number of arrivals in Arunachal Pradesh was last reported at 16900 in

2012, according to World Bank report published in 2012. International inbound tourists are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside of usual environment, for a period not exceeding 1 year and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited.

When data of tourists are not available, the many of visitors, which includes tourists, per day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources or collection methods of arrival differ across countries. In many case data are from border statistics. In all cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis of Norway Tourism

This report includes the SWOT-matrix and a short explanation of each item in the matrix, concerning as an economic driver for tourism development in Norway. The analysis is based on a workshop and inputs from the Destination Management Organization for the whole county. A researcher from Eastern Norway Research Institute was engaged as a SWOT-analysis expert, and has prepared this report. The report has sought to follow the SWOT-Analysis.

Strengths

1. Ongoing projects on electronic information towards tourists who have arrived in Norway. A project with the goal to provide tourists with information and through this lead tourists to visit attractions ect. in Norway (the project is called "Villmarksriket viser vei"). This information will be provided by information-points (with internett), info.signs, electronic maps, and by directing the information to the tourists mobile phones.

2. All tourist-enterprises have internet-access, their own web-site, and reasonable skills in the use. Close to all tourist-enterprises in Norway, even the small ones, have internet-access, some basic skills in the use of computers (the younger quite well thorough their basic education in Norway). Most enterprises also have their own website with some information, and many also have a booking-function. There are however highly variable quality of the websites, many of them are for example only in Norwegian.

3. Connected to national and international databases and web-sites for general marketing/information. Information on the most important tourist-products in Norway is collected and arranged in a database, and this database is quite well connected to important national (several other regions) and international information channels. Among the latter is the official electronic information channel for marketing of Norway.

4. Regional cluster of companies with products and competence that are relevant for the tourism industry in Norway. In Norway there are several companies within the game and movie industry, and systems for the tourism industry. They have developed several applications that could contribute to improve attractions in the tourism sector.

5. A strong partnership, governmental support towards tourism, and Destination Management Organization in Norway Governmental (at regional and local policy and administrative level) and private actors are working quite well together to develop the tourism industry, and there is substantial governmental financial support. This partnership has been labeled "the blue model". This is very important in Norway, as many of the most important attractions are public (nature), are important also for inhabitants, second home owners and potential immigrants, and that have to be developed and managed in cooperation between public and commercial interests.

6. The development of a national electronic database for booking. Public and private actors in Norway are developing a national database for booking of tourism-products in Norway.

Weaknesses

1. Lack of competence and consciousness in the tourist-enterprises in distribution of booking/sale. Although all enterprises have a sufficient infrastructure and competence, there seems to be a lack of both enough knowledge and consciousness concerning the importance of getting their enterprise distributed through the right electronic channels so that it can lead to electronic sales (this concerns the many small-4 scale enterprises). This includes lack of competence in pricing their products. This means that most of the enterprises are not present in the national and international electronic sales channels on the internet (like hotels.com and expedia.com).

2. Lack of coordination between different within the tourism sector. There is a wide diversity in what kind of software and technical platforms that are used within the tourism industry. This makes coordination and development of common systems difficult.

3. Weak links and electronic coordination between the transport sector and the other parts of the tourist industry. In Norway, as in Norway in general, there are low coordination between transport and the other parts of the tourist industry, both concerning products (packages) and electronic distribution and booking. This weakens the competitive position of Norway towards competing destinations.

4. Missing coordination of electronic information between the culture and sports sector and the tourism industry. Culture and sports are important part of the experiences both for tourists, inhabitants, second home owners and potential immigrants. There are however a lack of collection of information on culture and sports events, and a lack of coordination of information of these events with other attractions/experiences.

Threats

1. Lack of competence/interest in the national tourism sector to develop distribution and booking within the Norwegian tourism industry. Within outbound tourism traffic from Norway there are several companies (tour-operators, travel agencies etc) with high competence in electronic distribution and sale, and which possesses of high qualities. These companies also help foreign tourism enterprises (hotels, restaurants etc) to get their products distributed to the Norwegian market. These kind of companies are however mostly absent on incoming tourism to Norway (from both the domestic and 5 international markets). This leads to a lack of commercial and professional distribution channels, which would be interested in supporting the small scale tourism companies in Norway.

2. Missing links between regional policy areas relevant in the tourism sector. The regional policy level has several policy areas that concern many of the same issues. This concerns policies for attracting immigrants (place marketing), to enhance the living standard for inhabitants, and to attract tourists and second home owners. It could be used more professionally to provide

information to all these groups, and the same information is relevant for all groups (for example on events and activities). There are thus a potential in more coordination of these policy areas, both concerning resources and practical implementation of measures.

3. Difficult to compete with other industries to attract key personnel/staff. There is a possibility that there will be a problem of attracting key staff (with both competences on tourism) to parts of the tourism industry in Norway. Several other industries in Norway have the possibilities to offer better terms than the tourism sector.

4. New competition from other countries. Several other European countries make big efforts to develop and market tourism products that will directly compete with the key attractions of Norway (nature-based experiences/activities and skiing). These destinations can offer significant lower prices and are close to big markets.

5. High levels of costs and prices, both in data roaming costs and the tourism industry. Norway generally have a high cost and price level. This is also a problem on the both the domestic and international markets, where other countries are more competitive on prices. The economic downturn the last two years have highlighted the problem, in a situation where there are smaller parts of the international markets that can afford to travel to Norway.

Opportunities

1. The existence of significant niche markets for the nature based tourism-products in Norway. Most of the tourist-products in Norway , could be described as niche products, directed at certain segments of the market (who is interested in Nordic nature-based experiences). Internationally these segments are of significant sizes, but the tourism industry in Norway has so far not sufficiently oriented its marketing efforts towards these segments and the electronic distribution channels that are directed at these segments. There is also a lack of enough attractive tourism-products within the nature-based tourism in Norway.

2. Development of international standardized ICT systems for tourism enterprises. Within few years there will probably be developed professional, cheap and standardized ICT system for tourism enterprises, by international ICT companies. This will reduce the costs 6 for the tourism industry, and the enterprises can use more of their time and resources on other important issues, amongst other electronic distribution of booking and sale.

3. Strengthen Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) in Norway. With its many small tourism enterprises, and simultaneously an increased, there could be an opportunity to transfer some functions (for example web, marketing, distribution) from the individual enterprises to the DMOs. This would increase the professionalism, and make it easier to attract highly skilled persons to the tourism industry.

4. Location close to large domestic markets and an international airport. Hedmark is located close to the largest domestic market in Norway (Oslofjord-area) and to Gardermoen (the largest international airport in Norway). This makes Hedmark easy accessible (in terms of distance) for large markets.

5. A strong domestic market. In Norway there is also a growth of the elderly population (where many have high spending power, are in good health, and have increasing capabilities in using electronic information, including mobile devices), as in other European countries. At the same time the birth rate is relatively high. Together with a strong national economy, this constitutes a strong domestic market today and probably also in the next decades. An important part of this domestic market is the many owners of second homes in Norway. They makes up a stable and attractive market that so far have been too little utilized by the tourism industry in Norway.

SWOT Analysis of Indian Tourism

Strength

1. The campaign highlights not only the tourist places in India, but also its cultural and historical heritage.

2. The campaign managed to make a powerful visual impact on the viewers.

3. The campaign was featured sufficiently through print and TV media and hence had a good reach.

4. The Incredible India campaign along with the complementary campaign of “AtithiDevoBhava” managed to gain popularity.

Weakness

1. Some critics believed that the campaign was meant to appeal only to the affluent tourist and could not appeal to the average tourist.

2. The campaign was found to be uni-dimensional by some people.

3. Since India is a geographically and culturally diverse country, the campaign could not manage to cover all the aspects.

Opportunity

1. The tourism industry is India is flourishing at a rapid rate and the Incredible India campaign has a lot of potential to attract tourists.

2. Government spending on the tourism industry are increasing gradually.

3. A wider campaign can be planned leveraging the diversity in India.

Threats

1. Every campaign has its shelf life and so does the Incredible India campaign.

2. If the campaign fails to innovate it will lose its appeal.

3. The neighboring South-East Asian countries are investing a lot in the tourism industry which can be a threat.

SWOT Analysis of Tourism in Arunachal Pradesh

Strengths

1. Aurnachal Pradesh has a rich inventory of world class tourism resources, both natural as well as manmade which include picturesque landscape, large forest areas, beautiful mountains, lakes, springs- and waterfalls.

2. Arunachal Pradesh is called the Power– House of the North– Eastern States with highly significant power production. The total hydropower potential available in the state is estimated to be 30000 MW, which is one third of the entire hydro potential of the country (84,000MW).

Weaknesses

1. Inadequate marketing of tourism products of Arunachal Pradesh2. Deficiencies in infrastructure especially connectivity and accessibility

Opportunities

1. Arunachal Pradesh has enormous potential for development of new product ideas, some of which are the latest craze in the western world today.

2. Heritage Tourism: The state has an abundance of historical places, Religious Places, Archeological Sites and forts which can be suitably renovated and opened up for tourism.

3. Health Tourism: Arunachal Pradesh is rich in plants having medicinal values.4. Entertainment Tourism: Arunachal Pradesh have a great potential for features like;

entertainment complexes such as amusement parks, water parks, cable car rides, aquariums, casinos, sound and light shows, etc

5. Adventure Tourism: Arunachal Pradesh has significant potential for water sports (wind-surfing, water skiing, sailing, crocodile dandies, etc), para-gliding, river rafting, scuba diving, etc and trekking, mountaineering.

6. Cultural Tourism: Arunachal Pradesh has rich cultural heritage which is exhibited through the various fairs and festivals and dances.

Threat

Being location in isolation in terms of development, the State is facing challenges, which directly and indirectly curb the growth of tourism. The existing infrastructure, safety & Security, local awareness and others are the major hindrance for the development of the tourism in the State.

These are as such:

i. Competition by other developed Tourist Destination of the Country:ii. Long Distance to Acess to Aruachal Pradesh

iii. Absence of other major developed tourist destination except Assam in the North Eastern part, tourists break their trip without visiting Arunchal Pradesh.

iv. Social problems like causes of insurgency etc.v. Poor infrastructure and basic amenities

vi. Lack of Awareness of Tourism Activity

OVERVIEW OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India. Located in northeast India, it holds the most north-eastern position among the other states in the north-east region of India. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and China in the north. Itanagar is the capital of the state. China claims the northern part of the state as a part of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Arunachal Pradesh, which translates to "land of the dawn-lit mountains", is also known as the Orchid State of India or the Paradise of the Botanists. Geographically, it is the largest among the North-east Indian states commonly known as the Seven Sister States. As in other parts of

Northeast India, the people native to the state trace their origins from the Tibeto-Burman people. In recent times, large number of migrants from various parts of India and foreign lands have been affecting the state's population.

No reliable population count of the migrant population exists, and the percentage estimating the total actual population accordingly vary. Arunachal Pradesh has the highest number of regional languages in South Asia enriched with diverse culture and traditions.

NEFA was renamed on 20 January 1972 and became the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh became a state on 20 February 1987.

More recently, Arunachal Pradesh has come to face threats from certain insurgent groups, notably the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), who are believed to have base camps in the districts of Changlang and Tirap. There are occasional reports of these groups harassing local people and extorting protection money.

Especially along the Tibetan border, the Indian army has a considerable presence due to concerns about Chinese intentions in the region. Special permits called Inner Line Permits (ILP) are required to enter Arunachal Pradesh through any of its checkgates on the border with Assam.

Geography

Arunachal Pradesh is located between 26.28° N and 29.30° N latitude and 91.20° E and 97.30° E longitude and has 83,743 square kilometre area.Most of Arunachal Pradesh is covered by the Himalayas. However, parts of Lohit, Changlang and Tirap are covered by the Patkai hills. Kangto, Nyegi Kangsang, the main Gorichen peak and the Eastern Gorichen peak are some of the highest peaks in this region of the Himalayas. The land is mostly mountainous with the Himalayan ranges running north south. These divide the state into five river valleys: the Kameng, the Subansiri, the Siang, the Lohit and the Tirap. All these are fed by snow from the

Himalayas and countless rivers and rivulets. The mightiest of these rivers is Siang, called the Tsangpa in Tibet, which becomes the Brahmaputra after it is joined by the Dibang and the Lohit in the plains of Assam.

At the lowest elevations, essentially at Arunachal Pradesh's border with Assam, are Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests. Much of the state, including the Himalayan foothills and the Patkai hills, are home to Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests. Toward the northern border with Tibet, with increasing elevation, come a mixture of Eastern and Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests followed by Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows and ultimately rock and ice on the highest peaks.

The Himalayan ranges that extend up to the eastern Arunachal separate it from Tibet. The ranges extend toward Nagaland, and form a boundary between India and Burma in Changlang and Tirap district, acting as a natural barrier called Patkai Bum Hills. They are low mountains compared to the Greater Himalayas.

Economy

The chart below displays the trend of the gross state domestic product of Arunachal Pradesh at market prices estimated by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in billions of Indian Rupees. See also List of Indian states by GDP.

Gross Domestic Product (Billion INR)

1980 1.070

1985 2.690

1990 5.080

1995 11.840

2000 17.830

2005 31.880

2010 65.210

2011 82.330

2012 93.570

Arunachal Pradesh's gross state domestic product was estimated at US$706 million at current prices in 2004 and USD 1.75 billion at current prices in 2012. Agriculture primarily drives the economy. Jhum, the local term used for shifting cultivation is being widely practised among the tribal groups, though owing to the gradual growth of other sources of income in the recent years, it is not being practised as prominently as it was earlier. Arunachal Pradesh has close to 61,000 square kilometres of forests, and forest products are the next most significant sector of the economy. Among the crops grown here are rice, maize, millet, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, ginger, and oilseeds. Arunachal is also ideal for horticulture and fruit orchards. Its major industries are rice mills, fruit preservation and processing units, and handloom handicrafts. Sawmills and plywood trades are prohibited under law.

Arunachal Pradesh accounts for a large percentage share of India's untapped hydroelectric potential. In 2008, the government of Arunachal Pradesh signed numerous memorandum of understanding with various companies planning some 42 hydroelectric schemes that will produce electricity in excess of 27,000 MW. Construction of the Upper Siang Hydroelectric Project, which is expected to generate between 10,000 to 12,000 MW, began in April 2009.

Tourism

The state, on account of its unrivalled aesthetics and diverse cultural heritage possesses a great tourism potential. Popular tourist attractions include Tawang (a town with a Buddhist monastery) at 3000 m elevation, Ziro (which holds cultural festivals),Basar, the Namdapha tiger project in Changlang district and Sela lake near Bomdila with its bamboo bridges overhanging the river. Religious places of interest include Malinithan in Lekhabali, Rukhmininagar near Roing (the place as per the popular Hindu mythology, Rukmini, Lord Krishna's wife, said to have lived), and Parshuram Kund in Lohit district as Puranas is the lake where sage Parshuram washed away his sins, The Ganga lake(Gyaker sinyi or Gekar Sinyi)and various other tourist hot spots.

The state provides abundant scope for angling, boating, rafting, trekking and hiking. Rafting and trekking are common activities. Some suggested routes for travel or trekking are

Tezpur–Tipi–Bomdila-Tawang-se la pass Tinsukia–Tezu-Parasuramkund Margherita–Miao-Namdapha Itanagar–Ziro-Daporijo–Along (or Aalo)–Pasighat.

Over the years, the Jawaharlal Nehru Museum, Itanagar has become an important tourist destination in the state capital.

The state is rich in wildlife and has a number of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks with rare animals, birds and plants. Perhaps the highest diversity of mammals in India is in Arunachal Pradesh (200+ species). The diversity of birds is also very high, 700+ and is second only to Assam.

Languages

Modern-day Arunachal Pradesh is one of the linguistically richest and most diverse regions in all of Asia, being home to at least 30 and possibly as many as 50 distinct languages in addition to innumerable dialects and subdialects thereof. Boundaries between languages very often correlate with tribal divisions—for example, Apatani and Nyishi are tribally and linguistically distinct—but shifts in tribal identity and alignment over time have also ensured that a certain amount of complication enters into the picture—for example, Galo is and has seemingly always been linguistically distinct from Adi, whereas the earlier tribal alignment of Galo with Adi (i.e., "Adi Gallong") has only recently been essentially dissolved Apatani tribal women

The vast majority of languages indigenous to modern-day Arunachal Pradesh belong to the Tibeto-Burman language family. The majority of these in turn belong to a single branch of Tibeto-Burman, namely Tani.

Almost all Tani languages are indigenous to central Arunachal Pradesh, including (moving from west to east) Nyishi/Nishi, Apatani, Bangni, Tagin, Hill Miri, Galo, Bokar, Lower Adi (Padam, Pasi, Minyong, and Komkar), Upper Adi (Bori (ADI), Aashing, Shimong, Karko and Milang;). Only Mising, among Tani languages, is primarily spoken outside Arunachal Pradesh in modern-day Assam, while a handful of northern Tani languages including Bangni and Bokar are spoken in small numbers in Tibet.

Tani languages are noticeably characterised by an overall relative uniformity, suggesting relatively recent origin and dispersal within their present-day area of concentration. Most Tani languages are mutually intelligible with at least one other Tani language, meaning that the area constitutes a dialect chain, as was once found in much of Europe; only Apatani and Milang stand out as relatively unusual in the Tani context. Tani languages are among the better-studied languages of the region.

To the east of the Tani area lie three virtually undescribed and highly endangered languages of the "Mishmi" group of Tibeto-Burman, Idu, Digaru and Miju. A number of speakers of these languages are also found in Tibet. The relationships of these languages, both amongst one another and to other area languages, are as yet uncertain. Further south, one finds the Singpho (Kachin) language, which is primarily spoken by large populations in Burma, and the Nocte and Wancho languages, which show affiliations to certain "Naga" languages spoken to the south in modern-day Nagaland.

To the west and north of the Tani area are found at least one and possibly as many as four Bodic languages, including Dakpa and Tshangla; within modern-day India, these languages go by the cognate but, in usage, distinct designations Monpa and Memba. Most speakers of these languages or closely related Bodic languages are found in neighbouring Bhutan and Tibet, and Monpa and Memba populations remain closely adjacent to these border regions.

Between the Bodic and Tani areas lie a large number of almost completely undescribed and unclassified languages, which, speculatively considered Tibeto-Burman, exhibit many unique structural and lexical properties that probably reflect both a long history in the region and a complex history of language contact with neighbouring populations. Among them are Sherdukpen, Bugun, Aka/Hruso, Koro, Miji, Bangru and Puroik/Sulung. The high linguistic significance these languages is belied by the extreme paucity of documentation and description of them, even in view of their highly endangered status. Puroik, in particular, is perhaps one of the most culturally and linguistically unique and significant populations in all of Asia from proto-historical and anthropological-linguistic perspectives, and yet virtually no information of any real reliability regarding their culture or language can be found in print.

Finally, there is an unknown number of Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal-area origin spoken in modern-day Arunachal Pradesh, including Gurung and Tamang; not classified as "tribal" in the Arunachali context, such languages generally go unrecognised, while their speakers are largely viewed as itinerant "Nepalis". An unknown number of Tibetan dialects are similarly spoken by recent migrants from Tibet, although they are not generally recognised or classified as tribal or indigenous.

Outside of Tibeto-Burman, one finds in Arunachal Pradesh a single representative of the Tai language family, namely the Khamti language, which is closely affiliated to the Shan dialects of northern Burma; seemingly, Khamti is a recent arrival in Arunachal Pradesh whose presence dates from 18th and/or early 19th-century migrations from northern Burma. In addition to these non-Indo-European languages, the Indo-European languages Assamese, Bengali, English, Nepali and especially Hindi are making strong inroads into Arunachal Pradesh. Primarily as a result of the primary education system—in which classes are generally taught by Hindi-speaking immigrant teachers from Bihar and other Hindi-speaking parts of northern India—a large and growing section of the population now speaks a semi-creolized variety of Hindi as its mother tongue. Despite, or perhaps because of, the linguistic diversity of the region, English is the only official language recognised in the state.

Demographics

Arunachal Pradesh can be roughly divided into a set of semi-distinct cultural spheres, on the basis of tribal identity, language, religion and material culture: the Tibetic area bordering Bhutan in the west, the Tani area in the centre of the state, the Mishmi area to the east of the Tani area, the Tai/Singpho/Tangsa area bordering Burma, and the "Naga" area to the south, which also borders Burma. In between there are transition zones, such as the Aka/Hruso/Miji/Sherdukpen area, which provides a "buffer" of sorts between the Tibetic Buddhist tribes and the animist Tani hill tribes. In addition, there are isolated peoples scattered throughout the state, such as the Sulung.

Within each of these cultural spheres, one finds populations of related tribes speaking related languages and sharing similar traditions. In the Tibetic area, one finds large numbers of Monpa

tribespeople, with several subtribes speaking closely related but mutually incomprehensible languages, and also large numbers of Tibetan refugees. Within the Tani area, major tribes include the Nishi, which many people have recently come to apply to encompass Bangni, Tagin, and even Hills Miri. Apatani also live among the Nishi, but are distinct. In the centre, one finds predominantly Galo people, with the major sub-groups of Lare and Pugo among others, extending to the Ramo and Pailibo areas (which are close in many ways to Galo). In the east, one finds the Adi with many subtribes including Padam, Pasi, Minyong and Bokar, among others. Milang, while also falling within the general "Adi" sphere, are in many ways quite distinct. Moving east, the Idu, Miju and Digaru make up the "Mishmi" cultural-linguistic area, which may or may not form a coherent historical grouping.

Moving southeast, the Tai Khamti are linguistically distinct from their neighbours and culturally distinct from the majority of other Arunachali tribes. They follow the Theravad sect of Buddhism. They also exhibit considerable convergence with the Singpho and Tangsa tribes of the same area, all of which are also found in Burma.Besides, the Nocte and Wancho exhibit cultural and possibly also linguistic affinities to the tribes of Nagaland, which they border. Finally,The Deori tribe is also a major community of the state, with their own distinctive identity. The Deoris are one of the only Arunachal Pradesh tribes in the historical records—which shows they are among the first ethnic groups to inhabit the Himalayas of the districts of Dibang Valley and Lohit, before the arrival of other many tribes in the state between 1600AD - 1900AD . The ruins of the town of Bhismaknagar and Taameshwari temple are documented by ASI to give a light about the history of Deori people.

In addition, there are large numbers of migrants from diverse areas of India and Bangladesh, who, while legally not entitled to settle permanently, in practice stay indefinitely, progressively altering the traditional demographic makeup of the state. Finally, populations of "Nepalis" (in fact, usually Tibeto-Burman tribespeople whose tribes predominate in areas of Nepal, but who do not have tribal status in India) and Chakmas are distributed in different areas of the state (although reliable figures are hard to come by).

Buddhism is practised by 13% of the population. Shown here is a statue of the Buddha in Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh.

Literacy has risen in official figures to 66.95% in 2011 from 54.74% in 2001. The literate population is said to number 789,943. The number of literate males is 454,532 (73.69%) and the number of literate females is 335,411 (59.57%).

An uncertain but relatively large percentage of Arunachal's population are animist, and follow shamanistic-animistic religious traditions such as Donyi-Polo (in the Tani area) and Rangfrah (further east). A small number of Arunachali peoples have traditionally identified as Hindus, although the number is growing as animist traditions are merged with Hindu traditions. Tibetan Buddhism predominates in the districts of Tawang, West Kameng, and isolated regions adjacent to Tibet. Theravada Buddhism is practised by groups living near the Burmese border. Around 19% of the population are followers of the Christian faith, and this percentage is probably growing due to Christian missionary activities in the area.

According to the 2001 Indian Census, the religions of Arunachal Pradesh break down as follows:

Hindu: 379,935 (34.6%) Others (mostly Donyi-Polo): 337,399 (30.7%) Christian: 205,548 (18.7%) Buddhist: 143,028 (13.0%) Muslim: 20,675 (1.9%) Sikh : 1,865 (0.1%) Jain : 216 (<0.1%)

Religion in Arunachal Pradesh

ReligionPercen

t

Hinduism    34.6%

Others (mostly Donyi-Polo)    30.7%

Christianity    18.7%

Buddhism    13.0%

Islam    1.9%

Sikhism    0.1%

Jainism    0.1%

A law has been enacted to protect the indigenous religions (e.g., Donyi-Poloism, Buddhism) in Arunanchal Pradesh against the spread of other religions, though no comparable law exists to protect the other religions.

Out of the 705,158 tribals living in Arunachal, 333,102 are Animist (47.24%), 186,617 are Christian (26.46%), 92,577 are Hindu (13.13%), and 82,634 are Buddhist (11.72%).

Out of the 101 recognised tribes, 37 have an animist majority (Nissi, Adi Gallong, Tagin, Adi Minyong, Adi, Apatani.etc.), 23 have a Christian majority (Wancho,Mossang Tangsa, Bori, Yobin.etc.), 15 have a Hindu majority (Mishmi, Mishing/Miri, Deori, Aka, Longchang Tangsa.etc.) and 17 have a Buddhist majority (Monpa, Khampti, Tawang Monpa, Momba, Singpho, Sherdukpen.etc.). The remaining eight tribes are multi-faith, i.e., they do not have a dominant religion (Nocte, Tangsa, Naga.etc.).

Transport Air

Itanagar Airport, a Greenfield project serving Itanagar is being planned at Holongi at a cost of Rs. 6.50 billion. The existing state owned Daporijo Airport, Ziro Airport, Along Airport, Tezu Airport and Pasighat Airport are small and are not in operation. The government has proposed to operationalise these airports. Before the state was connected by roads, these airstrips were originally used for the transportation of food.

Roads

Arunachal Pradesh has two highways: the 336 km National Highway 52, completed in 1998, which connects Jonai with Dirak, and another highway, which connects Tezpur in Assam with Tawang. As of 2007, every village has been connected by road thanks to funding provided by the central government. Every small town has its own bus station and daily bus services are available. All places are connected to Assam, which has increased trading activity. An additional National Highway is being constructed following the Stillwell Ledo Road, which connects Ledo in Assam to Jairampur in Arunachal. Work on the ambitious 2,400 km two-lane Trans-Arunachal Highway Project announced by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 31 January 2008 on his maiden visit to the state, was scheduled to be completed by 2015–16 but now due to political and social reasons it may take another decade.

In 2014, two major highways were proposed to be built in the state: East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh in the lower foot hills of the state and 2,000-kilometre-long (1,200 mi) Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway along the McMahon Line, alignment map of which can be seen here and here.

Railway

Arunachal Pradesh got its first railway line in late 2013 when the new link line from Harmuti on the main Rangpara North-Murkong Selak railway line to Naharlagun in Arunachal Pradesh is commissioned. The construction of the 33 km long 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge railway link was completed in 2012, and the link will become operational when the gauge conversion of the main line under Project Unigauge is commissioned.

The state capital Itanagar was added to the Indian railway map thru newly built 20-km Harmuti-Naharlagun railway line on 12 April 2014 when the train from Dekargaon in Assam with 10 passenger compartments and 2 goods compartments has reached Naharlagun (suburb of Itanagar) with a distance of 181 km.

Education

The state government is expanding the relatively underdeveloped education system with the assistance of NGOs like Vivekananda Kendra, leading to a sharp improvement in the state's literacy rate. The main universities are the Rajiv Gandhi University (formerly known as Arunachal University) and Himalayan University as well, together with nine affiliated Government Colleges as well as four private colleges.

The first college, Jawaharlal Nehru College, Pasighat, was established in 1964. There is also a deemed university, the North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology as well as the National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, established on 18 August 2010, is located in Yupia (headquarter of Itanagar).

NERIST plays an important role in technical and management higher education. The directorate of technical education conducts examinations yearly so that students who qualify can continue on to higher studies in other states.

There are also trust institutes like Pali Vidyapith run by Buddhists. They teach Pali and Khamti scripts in addition to typical education subjects. Khamti is the only tribe in Arunachal Pradesh that has its own script. Libraries of scriptures are in a number of places in Lohit district, the largest one being in Chowkham.

The state has two polytechnic institutes: Rajiv Gandhi Government Polytechnic in Itanagar established in 2002 and Tomi Polytechnic College in Basar established in 2006. There is one law college called Arunachal Law Academy at Itanagar. The College of Horticulture and Forestry is affiliated to the Central Agriculture University, Imphal.

State symbols

State Bird State FlowerState

AnimalState Tree

Hornbill Foxtail Orchid Gayal Hollong

Role of Industries in Arunachal Pradesh

The Village and Small Scale Industries and Traditional un-organised industries constitutes an important segment of our planned economy. This sector has not only continued to play to vital role in fulfillment of Socio-economy objectives but also offer an excellent opportunities for the industrial self employment and is an ideal answer to the problem like un-employment and proper exploitation of available resources.

The aim and objective of the department of industries in the state is to promote the industrial activities in the state and thereby to provide employment opportunities to the rural and urban and to improve the economic conditions of the people. At present, there are 05 District Industries Centres and 08 Sub- District Industries Centres in the state and the activities looking after these centers are summaraised below:-

The District Industries Centres(DICs) and Sub-District Industries Centres(Sub-DICs) play a prominent role for the industrial development of SSI, Tiny and Village Industries. This is an institution at the district level which extend all possible help and guidance to the prospective entrepreneurs for taking up of various industrial ventures in the district. Besides, these Centres offer all facilities to artsians, entrepreneurs and support them with maximum effort under single roof.

These Institutions are providing services like identification of suitable schemes, preparation of project report, arrangement for providing required plant and machineries and raw-material for entrepreneurs and marketing opportunities. Beside, assisting the entrepreneurs to avail themselves a series of package incentives and familities provided by both Central and State Govt. towards the repaid industrialization in the State. In addition to above, the DICs and Sub-DICs are not only acting as a co-ordinating agency but also maintaining close liaison with all Development Department and Financial Institutions in providing various assistance to the prospective entrepreneurs.

There are two Industrial Training Institutes and one Rural Industries Development Centre are functioning in the State technical manpower in the State. Besides, these Institutes are also helping the local youth to generate self employment.

The Industrial Policy, 2008 of Arunachal Pradesh is formulated to achieve the following objectives: 2.1 To create an investment-friendly environment in the State for industrial growth in the private/ joint venture / cooperative sectors for sustainable economic development of Arunachal Pradesh. 2.2 To generate employmentopportunities in the State. 2.3 To make Arunachal Pradesh a preferred destination for outside investors. 2.4 To encourage local entrepreneurs to set up enterprises based on locally available raw materials. 2.5 To promote export oriented industrial units. 2.6 To take steps to promote hand loom and handicrafts. 2.7 To promote local investors through joint ventures with outside investors. 2.8 To encourage industrial unitsproducing high value - low volume products. 2.9 To ensure fast track clearance of industrial proposals.

3. Thrust Areas:

The State Government has identified the following industries as thrust areas, which will be eligible for various incentives: 3.1 Industries based on agricultural, horticultural and plantation produce.

3.2 Industries based on non-timber forest produce: bamboo, cane (rattan), medicinal plants / herbs, aromatic grass, tea, coffee etc. 3.3 Industries based on locally available raw materials except timber. 3.4 Textiles (handlooms and power looms), Handicrafts and Sericulture 3.5 Electronics and IT based Enterprises. 3.6 Mineral Based Industries ( eg. Ferro-alloys, Cement Plant etc.). 3.7 Facilitation and Development of Industrial Infrastructure including Power, Communications etc. under Public Private Partnership (PPP). 3.8 Food Processing Industries. 3.9 Engineering and Allied Industries (Rolling Mill, Steel etc.). 3.10 Tourism (tourism infrastructureincluding resorts, hotels, restaurants etc.). (The thrust areas mentioned above will be reviewed periodically to include other sectors of industrial activities from time to time).

4. Development of Infrastructure:

4.1 The State Government shall make special efforts to create proper infrastructure by promoting establishment of Industrial Estates, Industrial Growth Centres, Integrated Infrastructure Development Centres, Small Industries Cluster Development, Export Promotion Industrial Parks, Export Promotion Zones, Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Food Parks;strengthening of existing Industrial Estates, Border Trade Centres, Industrial Cluster Development etc,.

5. Period and extent of Equity holding / Ownership:

5.1 Entrepreneur(s)/ a group of entrepreneurs/ consortium of industries will be allowed cent percent equity holding / ownership of their industrial unit(s)/enterprises for a period of 50 years. After the end of 50 years, the State Government reserves the right to review and modify equity holding/ownership on mutually agreed terms and conditions.

6. Period of Land lease:

6.1 Entrepreneurs/ Investors shall beallowed to hold the land on lease for a period of 50 years on a predetermined lease rent. The consideration for lease of land may be in the form of annual or lump sum payments or equity participation. After the expiry of lease period, the StateGovernment may renew the lease period further on mutually agreed terms and conditions.

7. Sales Tax/VAT Exemption to eligible industrial units:

7.1 State Government shall provide 99% Sales Tax (VAT) / Entry Tax exemption to eligible industrial unitson import of actual raw materials, machineries and equipments into Arunachal Pradesh as also on sale of finished goods in the State for a period of 7 years from the date of commencement of commercial production.

8. Trading License:

8.1 At present, trading licenses are issued only to indigenous local traders. The present policy will continue to hold good for small scale industries/enterprises. However, under this policy the trading license will be issued to all entrepreneurs including outside investors for the industries/ enterprises which involve investments of minimum Rs 5.00 Crore in plant and machineries, whereas in case of service sector the minimum investment on equipments should not be less than Rs.2.00 Crore to qualify for obtaining trading license.

9. The State Fiscal Incentives:

9.1 Price Preference: State Government Departments and other state Government controlled bodies and organizations, while making purchases will give price preference to the products manufactured by registered Micro and Small Enterprises. Other things being equal they will be given a price preference in contract bids as indicated below: Type of Industries Price preference rates

(i) Cooperative Ventures 7.5 %(ii) Cottage, Micro and Small Enterprises 7.5 %

9.2 Purchase Preference: State Government Departments and other State Government controlled bodies and organizations shall give preference to the registered Units/ Enterprises of the State while purchasing from the products manufactured by them. 9.3 Subsidy on cost of preparation of Feasible Project Report (FPR): An enterprise would be eligible for subsidy on payment made towards preparation of project report to the professional Consultant/Agency on the condition that the project report should be approved and sanctioned by the Financial Institution /Commercial Bank in a ceiling limit as prescribed below: a) Micro Sector: 90% of the cost but not more than Rs. 9000/- b) Small Sector: 75 % of the costbut not more than Rs. 25,000/- c) Medium/Large Sector: 50% of the cost but not more than Rs.1, 00,000/-

9.4 Power Subsidy: The power subsidy shall be regulated under State Power Policy and NEIIPP 2007.

9.5 Incentive for Quality Control: The Department of Industries shall be the Nodal Department for quality control of all industrial products in the state and for the products notified by theunion government from time to time. To maintain quality of the products manufactured by the industrial units in the State, the State Government shall subsidize the cost of quality testing equipments procured by the industries from recognized firms by 50% of the cost of equipments. Besides, the State Government shall also reimburse 100 % cost of the tests incurred by the micro and small enterprises /industries with a ceiling limit of Rs.50,000/- only. Registration fee and Annual fee with the Bureau of Indian Standards etc. will be reimbursed in full for the first five years.

9.6 Exemption of Stamp Duty: Approved industrial units / enterprises projects will be exempted from payment of Stamp Duty upto 80 percent of the applicable amount in execution of deeds for a period of 5 years.

9.7 Special Incentives for Food Processing Industries: Special incentives will be provided to eligible Food Processing Units as additional State Capital Investment Subsidy @ 20 % subject to a ceiling of Rs.25.00 lakhs.

9.8 PRIORITY CLEARANCE FOR SETTING UP OF LARGE / HEAVY ENTERPRISES The State Govt. favours setting upof eligible large and heavy enterprises particularly those utilizing locally available natural resources. Accordingly, the State Govt. will ensure time bound mandatory clearances prescribed under various statutes.

9.9 Liberalized Licensing Policy : There will be no licensing requirements for industry save asmay be provided by any law or Government policy.

9.10 Institutional Credit Facilities : The financial institutions' under the control of the State Government will be revamped and the District Industries Centers and financial institutions will work in tandem to ensure smooth flow of credit to new projects, existing industrial units for modernisation/ expansion/ diversification, village industries and rural artisans.

10. Enterprise and Skill Development: 10.1 The State Government will make all out efforts to develop entrepreneurship and capacity building development of local people to meet the technical and managerial needs of the industries. To achieve this goal the State Government will draw up a comprehensive skill upgradation programmes for ensuring that local personnel/workers gain the required skill to meet the skilled manpower needs of the industries in collaboration and consultation with various training and educational institutions. With this objective the existing Industrial Training Institutes will be upgraded into a Centre of Excellence.

11. State Level Empowered Committee: A State Level Industrial Empowered Committee headed by the Chief Secretary will be constituted, which will comprise the Commissioners/ Secretaries of the concerned administrative department and representatives from banking and financial institutions as members for smooth passage of various clearances through a Single Window Clearance System.

12. District Level Advisory Committee: A District Level Industrial Advisory Committee headed by Deputy Commissioner will be constituted in each district of the state to facilitate and augment the functioning of the District Industries Centre with a view to accelerate the Single Window Clearance at district level. 13. Strengthening of District Industries Centres (DICs): The state Government will strengthen and modernise the DICs. The DIC will be armed with Udyog Sahayak Cell to guide the entrepreneurs and helping them in selection of product, preparation of project report and obtaining credit for the project. A data bank covering all aspects of information sought by investors will also be maintained in DlCs.

14. Public Sector Policy: The State Government shall graduallyvacate economic space for the private and cooperative sectors and the public and state sectors will engage themselves in economic/ commercial activities only in absence of private and cooperative enterprises.

15. Filling of Entrepreneur Memorandum (EM): The authority for registration/filling of EM shall be regulated as per the provisions of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act 2006. In case of Micro and Small Enterprises, the DIC will have the authority for filling ofEM and its approval. However, in order to ensure systematic growth of enterprises in the state, in case of medium enterprise, the Directorate of Industries will have the authority to grant approval of the EM on recommendation of the concern DIC.

INDIA-NORWAY BILATERAL TRADE

Economy-The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of wel fare capital ism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector, through large-scale state-majori ty-owned enterprises. The country isrichly endowed wi th natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on the petroleum sector, which accounts for nearly hal f of its exports and over 30% of the state revenues.

Norway is the world's second- largest exporter of gas; i ts posit ion as an oi lexporter has sl ipped to the ninth- larges, since production has started declining.Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nevertheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget.

Norway boasts of having the world's second largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $500 bi l l ion in 2010, into which the earnings from the petroleum sector are invested. Af ter a sol id GDP growth from 2004 to 2007, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, beforereturning to a positive growth in 2010.

Key Economic indicators

GDP (PPP basis)- US$ 276.4 bi l l ion (2010 est. )GDP (real growth rate): 1.5% (2010 est.)GDP (composition by sector):Agriculture: 2.1%, industry: 40.1%, services: 57.8% (2010 est. )Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.4% (2010 est.)Global trade figures: Imports: US$ 74.02 bi l l ion (2010 est.), Exports: US$ 137bi l l ion (2010 est.)

INDO NORWEGIAN BILATERAL RELATIONS:

India's economic and commercial tie up with Norway is on the upswing. There has beena spurt in trade, investments, transfer-of-technology and other contacts. The current growth in Indo-Norwegian eco-commercial ties is fuelled by complementarities of interest, in sectors such as deep off-shore , shipping, hydro-electricity, Information Technology, Bio-Technology and light consumer goods.

Trade

Year2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009 – 10 2010-11

(Apr-Sept)

Export 130.20 184.18 265.65 393.67 228.91 82.3

Import 289.34 768.70 1,639.55 1,120.73 907.35 268.68

Total Trade 419.55 952.88 1,905.20 1,514.40 1,136.26 350.98

Key commodities of India’s Exports:

Norway imports different items from India in which India has a comparative advantage. Main import items from India include articles of apparels, textile, yarn & fabrics, misc. manufactured articles, metals, non-metal mineral manufacture, fruit & vegetables, furniture & parts, travel goods, hand bags, coffee, tea & spices, footwear.

Key commodities of India’s Imports: Norway being a highly developed country offers different electronic and technological items to India. Some of the major exports of Norway to India are: machinery, iron & steel, electronic machinery appliances, general industrial machinery, scientific control equipment, non-ferrous metals, telecom & equipment. The Indian importers have also shown interest in sourcing Norwegian products and services, especially those linked to deep off-shore, shipping, hydroelectricity, metallurgy, telecommunications equipment and select areas of IT.

Investments:

Cumulative FDI inflows (including equity, re-invested earnings & other capital – from April 2000 to March 2011) were US$ 194.81 billion. (Data on re-invested earnings an dother capital is available only from April 2000, and is estimated by RBI, on an average basis, based upon data for the previous two years)

Top sectors in India that attracted FDI equity inflows (from April 2000 to March 2011)from NORWAY, are:_ Chemicals (Other Than Fertilizers) (45%)_ Electrical Equipments (13%)_ Electronics (7%)_ Drugs & Pharmaceuticals (7%)_ Consultancy Services (4%)

Some of the Norwegian companies in India are-Telenor, Aker Kvaerner,Fred Olsen, NCC international, DNV, Frontier Drilling AS, Dynea AS, Maritime Hydraulics (part of Aker Kvaerner), Hydra lift, Team Tec, Air products.

Some of the Indian companies in Norway:Aban of Chennai acquiring full control of Sinvest, Wipro- rendering IT services in Norway since 1998, Reliance Industries Limited, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) -providing services and solutions for Norwegian customers for close to 10 years, IBM-helping Ringnes manage shipping for nearly half a billion liters of beverages Annually.