global climate change the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide emissions & possible effects?
TRANSCRIPT
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Global Climate Change
The Greenhouse Effect,Carbon Dioxide Emissions
&Possible Effects?
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Gases of the Atmosphere• Earth’s atmosphere
consists of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) gases– Sunlight (and thus heat)
passes right through gases.
• However, other gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone, methane, and CFCs absorb heat from the sun (greenhouse gases)
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Warming Processes:The Greenhouse Effect
• A natural phenomenon that keeps Earth warm
• Without it, no life would exist on Earth (Good Thing)
• It would actually be about 33°C (60°F) colder than it is now
• Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas (about 2/3)
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How a Greenhouse Works?• Light passes through the glass• Some of the energy is absorbed
by the soil, plants, and glass • As the soil & plants warm they
give off heat, which is absorbed by the glass, warming the inside of the greenhouse
• The glass gives off heat (inside and outside)
• This is why greenhouses are warm when it’s cold outside
• Same principle also applies to your car
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Earth’s Greenhouse Effect
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Cooling Processes
• Earth has ways of cooling itself
• Albedo effect describes the amount of light reflected by the planet (Earth)– SNOW/ICE– Clouds– Water – Land
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Effect of Human Activities• Other gases also absorb heat and contribute to the
greenhouse effect. Human activity can increase the amount of those gases in the atmosphere.
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Human Contributions to the Greenhouse Effect
• Increased levels of carbon dioxide are due to – burning of fossil fuels (also
increases nitrous oxide levels)– slash and burn agriculture– automobiles.
• Methane comes from anaerobic breakdown of organic material in swamps, rice paddies, landfills, intestinal tracts (farts), natural gas leaks
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) come from aerosols, refrigerants, styrofoam (but is currently being phased out)
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Trends in CO2 Concentration
Greenhouse Effect:
• methane (CH4)
•nitrous oxide (N2O)
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Greenhouse Gases Affect on Climate
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Affect of Activities on Climate
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Global Warming (aka Global Climate Change) PLEASE KEEP AN OPEN MIND!!!!
• Global warming is the increase in Earth surface temperature due to an introduction of high levels of greenhouse gases because of human activities
• Global warming is NOT a good thing
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YAY!!!!!• The oceans are able to
absorb a lot of the CO2 that we produce
• There are limits to what the oceans can absorb– Absorb about half
of all man made CO2
– But CO2 makes oceans more acidic
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What is the Connection Between CO2 Emissions and Global Warming?
• The Earth experiences a huge range of temperature variations (hot and cold)
• We really have no idea if the changes we are observing are really due to emission of greenhouse gases by human activity.
• We have an idea about how greenhouse gases affect the temperature balance of the Earth
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CO2 Emissions and Global
Temperatures
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Some Ways to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
• Reduce CO2 emissions
• Charge carbon taxes/polluter pays
• Switch fuel types
• Halt deforestation
• Support reforestation
• Globally ban CFCs (we are in the process of doing this)
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THE OZONE LAYER
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What is Ozone?• An ozone molecule is a
temporary association of three oxygen atoms
• Energy from lightning or ultraviolet radiation from the sun breaks apart O2 molecules.
• The single atoms can combine with O2
molecules to form O3.
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Ozone Layer• The ozone layer is a slight
concentration of ozone gas in the upper atmosphere (GOOD)
• It shields us from the harmful effects of the Sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation– Causes melanoma (skin
cancer) and cataracts.• Without the ozone layer,
life would be restricted to the oceans
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Ozone in the Lower Atmosphere
• In the lower atmosphere, ozone functions as a greenhouse gas (BAD)
• It is considered poisonous, and is a component of smog. Automobile exhaust produces the majority of ozone in the lower atmosphere.
• IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OZONE IS GOOD. IN THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE IT IS BAD!
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Human Activities and Ozone
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) produced made their way into the upper atmosphere where it has been destroying the ozone layer
• CFCs come from refrigerators and air conditioners (freon) – there is no natural source of CFCs
• It takes 50 to 100 years for CFCs to break down.
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The Hole in the Ozone Layer
• The thinning (40-70%) of the ozone layer over Antarctica
• In the Antarctic winter, the formation of icy clouds provides sites for CFCs to react and produce chlorine atoms
• These atoms then stay attached to the clouds until spring
• In spring, the ice crystals melt, releasing the Cl atoms to the air which react to remove ozone
• The Ozone Layer hole is greatest during the Antarctic spring
• STARTING TO GET SMALLER!!
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The Good News!
• CFC production fell 77% between 1988 and 1995.
• Chlorine levels should be back to safe levels by 2045.
• Good example that the world can act quickly and effectively when needed.
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VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!
• Even though ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the LOWER ATMOSHPERE (BAD), the hole in the ozone layer (UPPER ATMOSPHERE) HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH GLOBAL WARMING!