1 0

24

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2224262830

3234

3638404244

4648505254

5658

606264

68707274

767880828486889092949698100102

104106

65e5a

Termination II

Termination I

Termination IV

Termination V11

9e

7e7a

19

15a

103

63

9a

5 -400-450

15e

0

3.3 km

2.0 km

2.5 km

3.0 km

1.0 km

0.5 km

3.2 km

2.0 km

2.5 km

3.0 km

1.0 km

0.5 km

2.8 km

O18 atm.4

|

V19

-30

| V

19-2

5/-2

8O

DP

677

| O

DP

677

OD

P 84

63.1 km

0 10 20 30 40 50

5 m_

20 m_

40 m_

50 m_

60 m_

70 m_

77 m_

30 m_

compositecore depth

0 100 075SUS 10 m / kg-8 3

depthdown

section

252 m_

S0L1

S1

L2

S2

L3S3

S4

L5

S5

L6

L7S6

S6S7

L8S8

L9S9

S10S11

S12L13

O

J

S13

S15

S24

S23

S21S22

S20S19

S18S17

S16

S14L14140 m_

S25

S26

S27S28

L27

S29

S30

S31

S32

L32

L33

Red Clay

68 m_

14 m_

%% weight D >63 mm

Chine

se Lo

ess Se

quen

ceRegional stage/substage divisionsAntarctic

Antar

ctic I

sotop

e Reco

rd

rece

nt a

ltern

ativ

e ch

rono

stra

tigra

phic

cor

rela

tion

sche

me

North

West

Europ

ean S

tages

Russi

an Pl

ain St

ages

North

Ame

rican

Stag

esNe

w Ze

aland

Stag

es

Britis

h Stag

es

Neo

plei

stoc

ene Likhvinian

Okian

Muchkapian

DonianIlynian

Pokrovian

Petropavlovian

Eopl

eist

ocen

e

Valdaian

DnieperMoscovianMikulinian

Devensian

Ipswichian

Wol

ston

ian

HoxnianAnglian

Cromerian

Beestonian

Weichselian

Eemian

Saal

ian

WartheDrenthe

FuhneHolsteinianElsterian

Cro

mer

ian

com

plex

Interglacial IV

Interglacial III

Interglacial IIGlacial a

Glacial b

Glacial c

DorstLeerdam

LingeBavel

Bav

elia

n

Interglacial I

Menapian

Waalian

Eburonian

Praetiglian

Reuverian

Sangamonian

Wisconsinan

Illinoian

pre-Illinoian A

pre-Illinoian B

pre-Illinoian C

pre-Illinoian D

pre-Illinoian E

pre-Illinoian F

pre-Illinoian G

pre-Illinoian H

pre-Illinoian I

pre-Illinoian J

pre-Illinoian K

Tottenhill

Pastonian

Pre-Pastonian / Baventian

Bramertonian / Antian

Thurnian

Ludhamian

Pre-Ludhamian

Waltonian

Haweran

Mangapanian

Nukumaruan

Castlecliffian

Wacken / Dmnitz

Tiglian

Tolu

chee

vkia

n /

Tol

uche

evka

Krin

itisi

an

/ K

rinits

a

Kha

prov

ian

/ K

hapr

y

Verk

hod.

Late

Plio

cene

not n

amed

Kha

prov

ian

Verk

hodo

nian

/ V

erkh

odon

Lake

Baik

al Se

quen

ce

Continental Asia

Comp

osit re

cord c

ollating

overl

appin

g core

segm

ents

BD

P-96-1

[4, 6

, 7, 1

2-19,

22, 2

5-27,

29-33

];

BDP

-96-2

[GC-1,

1-36];

BDP-9

8 [4]

Biog

enic

Silica

Con

tent

%

Age(Ma)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

cores Vostok and Dome-C (EDC)18

Section JingbianMagnetic susceptibilityCoarse grained admixture

ChiLoPart time scale

%

`

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

0.12 Blake

0.42 Emperor

0.781

0.99

1.07Jaramillo

1.22 Cobb1.24 Mountain

1.77

1.68 Gilsa

Olduvai

1.95

2.14

2.19

Reunion

2.33

2.39

2.44 X

2.588

Calca

reous

Nan

nopla

nkton

PL5

PL6

NN16

NN18

CN12

d

c

Gt.p

seud

omio

ceni

ca

Gd.

fistu

losu

s IZ a

b

CN13

NN19PT1a

Gd.

fist

ulos

us

Gt.

trun

catu

loid

es IZ

a

b

CN14

NN20

NN21 CN15 CN15

Atlantic Indo-Pacific

PT1b

Plank

tonic

Foram

inifer

a

biozo

natio

n

biozo

natio

n

Mari

ne Is

otope

Stag

es

Palae

omag

netic

reco

rd

comp

osite

of co

res V

19-30

, V19

-28

Syste

mSe

ries

Subs

eries,

Stag

es

HoloceneSubchrons,Excursion events St

age

Chron

sG

auss

Mat

uyam

aB

runh

es

Quaternary

Pleistocene

Neog. Plio.

Major divisionsGSSP = Global Stratotype Section and Point

GSSP

Age(Ma)

b

NN17

Piac.

D. a

ltispi

ra

Gt. p

seud

omio

ceni

ca IZ

formerformal basePleistocene

formerformal baseQuaternary1948-2009 1948-2009

0.0117

V19-2

5, OD

P-67

7 and

ODP

-846

D. a

ltisp

ira

G

t. m

ioce

nica

IZD

. alti

spir

a

Gd.

fist

ulos

us IZ

Gd.

fist

ulos

us

Gt.

tosa

ensi

s IS

ZG

t. tr

unca

tulin

oide

s PR

Z

Marine stage/zone divisionsGSSP = Global Stratotype Section and Point: position

Stan

dard

Stage

s (su

per-s

tages)

Tara

ntian

Tyrrhenian

Ioni

anC

alab

rian

Sici

lian

Emili

anSa

nter

nian

Gel

asia

n

GSSP

GSSP

Piac

.

Med

iterra

nean

Sea

Italia

n Mari

ne St

ages

2009 IUGS-ICSredefined

formal basePleistocene

2009 IUGS-ICSredefined

formal baseQuaternary

Late

id

ld

M

e

Early

norm

al

rev

ersed

1.806

2.588

Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million yearsv. 2009

Age(Ma)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

Age(Ma)

http://www.cam.ac.uk/

P.L. Gibbard & K.M. Cohen Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group, Cambridge Quaternary Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Utrecht Centre of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

http://www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/

1 2

2

1

http://www.geo.uu.nl/ http://www.ucgeo.nl/

International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS),International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS),Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS).

http://www.stratigraphy.org/

International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA),Stratigraphy and Chronology Commission (SACCOM).

http://www.inqua.tcd.ie/

374054N1083115E75.10S 123.35E

78.47S 106.86E 534148N1082106E

MG

BM