glif.is
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What makes an exchange open? Cees de Laat Freek Dijkstra Leon Gommans Bas van Oudenaarde University of Amsterdam. www.glif.is. Σ C >> 100 Gb/s. Σ B ≈ 30 Gb/s. Σ A ≈ 20 Gb/s. Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use Need full Internet routing, one to many - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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What makes an exchange open?
Cees de LaatFreek Dijkstra
Leon GommansBas van Oudenaarde
University of Amsterdam
www.glif.is
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#users
C
A
B
ADSL GigE
A. Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use
Need full Internet routing, one to many
B. Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s, mostly LAN
Need VPN services and full Internet routing, several to several + uplink
C. Scientific applications, distributed data processing, all sorts of grids
Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few, p2p
ΣA ≈ 20 Gb/s
ΣB ≈ 30 Gb/s
ΣC >> 100 Gb/s
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Transport of flows
BWRTT
# FLOWS
For what current Internet was designed
Needs more App & Middleware interaction
C
AB
Full optical future
?
GLIF nowGLIF Future?
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Towards Hybrid Networking!• Costs of optical equipment 10% of switching 10 % of full routing equipment for same
throughput
– 10G routerblade -> 75-300 k$, 10G switch port -> 5-10 k$, MEMS port -> 0.5-1.5 k$
– DWDM lasers for long reach expensive, 10-50 k$
• Bottom line: look for a hybrid architecture which serves all classes in a cost effective
way ==> map A -> L3 , B -> L2 , C -> L1
• Give each packet in the network the service it needs, but no more !
L1 ≈ 0.5-1.5 k$/portL2 ≈ 5-10 k$/port L3 ≈ 75+ k$/port
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How low can you go?
Router
Ethernet
SONET
DWDM
Fiber
ApplicationEndpoint A
ApplicationEndpoint BRegional
darkfiber
MEMS
POS
154546500HDXc
GLIF
Trans-Oceanic
LocalEthernet
NetherLight
St
arL
ight
UK
Lig
ht
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LIGHTHOUSE
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UVA’s64*64
Optical Switch@ LightHouse
Costs 1/100th ofa similar
throughput routeror
1/10th of a similar
throughput Ethernet switch
but has only specific services!
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Common Photonic
Layer (CPL) in
SURFnet6
Dordrecht1
Breda1
Tilburg1
DenHaag
NLR
BT
BT NLR
BT
Zutphen1
Lelystad1
Subnetwork 4:Blue Azur
Subnetwork 3:Red
Subnetwork 1:Green
Subnetwork 2:Dark blue
Subnetwork 5:Grey
Emmeloord
Zwolle1
Venlo1
Enschede1
Groningen1
LeeuwardenHarlingen
Den Helder
Alkmaar1
Haarlem1
Leiden1
Assen1
Beilen1
Meppel1
Emmen1
Arnhem
Apeldoorn1
Bergen-op-ZoomZierikzee
Middelburg
Vlissingen Krabbendijke
Breukelen1
Ede
Heerlen2Geleen1
DLO
Schiphol-Rijk
Wageningen1 Nijmegen1
Hilversum1
Hoogeveen1
Lelystad2
Amsterdam1
Dwingeloo1
Amsterdam2
Den Bosch1
Utrecht1
Beilen1
Nieuwegein1Rotterdam1
Delft1
Heerlen1
Heerlen1
Maastricht1
Eindhoven1
Maasbracht1
Rotterdam4
3XLSOP
IBG1 & IBG2Middenmeer1
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Services2
Metro20
National/regional
200World
A Switching/routing
Routing ROUTER$
B Switches +E-WANPHY
VPN’s
Switches +E-WANPHY
(G)MPLS
ROUTER$
C dark fiberDWDM
MEMS switch
DWDM, TDM / SONETLambda switching
Lambdas,VLAN’sSONETEthernet
SCALE
CLASS
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Optical Exchange as Black Box
Optical Exchange
Switch
TDM
Store &Forward
DWDM mux/demux
Optical Cross
Connect
TeraByteEmail
Service
Ref: gridnets paper by Freek Dijkstra, Cees de Laat
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Service MatrixTo
From
WDM (multiple )
Single , any
bitstream
SONET/ SDH
1 Gb/s Ethernet
LAN PHY Ethernet
WAN PHY Ethernet
VLAN tagged
Ethernet
IP over Ethernet
WDM (multiple )
cross-connect multicast, regenerate, multicast
WDM demux WDM demux*
WDM demux *
WDM demux *
WDM demux *
WDM demux *
WDM demux *
Single , any bitstream
WDM mux cross-connect multicast, regenerate, multicast
N/A * N/A * N/A * N/A * N/A * N/A *
SONET/SDH WDM mux N/A * SONET switch,
+
TDM demux *
TDM demux6 SONET switch
TDM demux *
TDM demux *
1 Gb/s Ethernet WDM mux N/A * TDM mux aggregate, Ethernet
conversion +
aggregate, eth. convert
aggregate, Ethernet
conversion
aggregate, VLAN encap
L3 entry *
LAN PHY Ethernet
WDM mux N/A* TDM mux6 aggregate, Ethernet
conversion
aggregate, Ethernet
conversion +
Ethernet conversion
aggregate, VLAN encap
L3 entry *
WAN PHY Ethernet
WDM mux N/A * SONET switch
aggregate,Ethernet
conversion
Ethernet conversion
aggregate, Ethernet
conversion +
aggregate, VLAN encap
L3 entry *
VLAN tagged Ethernet
WDM mux N/A * TDM mux aggregate, VLAN decap
aggregate, VLAN decap
aggregate, VLAN decap
Aggregate, VLAN decap
& encap +
N/A
IP over Ethernet WDM mux N/A * TDM mux L3 exit * L3 exit * L3 exit * N/A Store & forward, L3 entry/exit+
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Ownership of resources
• Legal Owner: • Organization that legally owns a resource.• A legal owner may sell the right to economically use the resource.
• Economic Owner:• Acquires economic resource usage right a from legal resource owner. • A contract details terms by which a resource may be used. • Economic owners may outsource resource management to an Administrative Owner by means of a service level agreement.
• Administrative Owner: • Technically implements the terms of a service level agreement• Signals requests to other AO’s and handles responses.• Collects accounting information.
• Relationship between owners:• Legal, economic and administrative owners may or may not be independent organizations.• Economic owners may acquire resources from different legal owners.• Administrative owners may serve different economic owners.• Economic owners may establish contracts with other economic owners to create more elaborate services. Technical details are delegated and implemented by Administrative Owners.
feb 2005 GLIF Workshop LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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ISO Telecommunications ManagementNetworks (TMN) reference model
Element Management Level
Network Management Level
Service Management Level
Business Management Level
Network Elements Optical switches
Business agreements between Carrier Networks and Open Exchanges.Manage a 99.9995 % available network connectivity.Create optimal route
Manageable network elements
TMN is based on the OSI management framework and uses an object-oriented approach, with managed information in network resources modeled as attributes in managed objects. TMN is defined in ITU-T M.3000 series recommendations
Legal Ownership
Economic Ownership
Administrative Ownership
Network Operator
feb 2005 GLIF Workshop LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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Optical Network Stakeholders
OpticalExchange
OpticalExchange
Global CarrierLegal Link Owner
NRN
InternetExchange
InternetExchange
NRN
Global Best EffortINTERNET
VOMembers
VOMembers
Problem
In order to enable a dynamic, cost effective VO business operation, Economic Link Owners Red and Blue need to create and have the ability to implement link usage contracts with VO’s leading to the creation of Optical Private Network (OPN) between VO members.
EconomicLinkOwner
EconomicLink
Owner
VO VO
Contract Contract
feb 2005 GLIF Workshop LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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Role definitions
• Legal Link Owner (LLO): Sells the right to use a link to an ELO’s
• Economic Link Owner (ELO): Acquires the right to use a link and creates agreements with Economic VO’s about the usage of its links.ELO’s will terminate a link at an optical exchange based on a contract with an EPO.
• Administrative Link Owner (ALO): Translates the ELO defined business rules governing link access to technical rules that are subsequently pushed to the APO for enforcement (optical link fibers have no electronic control).
• Legal Port Owner (LPO): Owns optical switch-ports. Usage rights are sold to EPO’s. Multiple LPO’s may be present within an Optical Exchange.
• Economic Port Owner (EPO): Acquires the usage right from one or more LPO’s for one or more ports on the Optical Exchange. EPO’s establishes contracts to allow peering with own or other EPO ports on behalf of ELO’s.
• Administrative Port Owner (APO): an entity that accepts peering policies from ALO’s. Peering policies are based on the agreements between ELO and a VO. Creates connections with own ports or other ports from different APO’s based on requests with credentials from VO’s members or its proxy . feb 2005 GLIF Workshop LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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Optical Exchange Stakeholders
Economic Port Owner
Administrative Port Owner (APO) APO = ALO
Legal Port Owner
Economic Port Owner
Administrative Port Owner (APO)
APO ALO
Legal Port Owner
Open Optical Exchange
Not so Open Optical Exchange
AdministrativeLink Owner (ALO)
Administrative Link Owner (ALO)
Administrative Link Owner (ALO)
Administrative Link Owner (ALO)
feb 2005 GLIF Workshop LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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Discussion points
• Nobody wanted to be a closed “whatever”
• Naming is important
• Housing can be open or closed
• The impact of AUP’s
• Is a policy free exchange an open exchange– Always say yes– Content ignorant
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Research and development issues on OEX’s
• Economic & business models• Hierarchical virtualization of exchange components• Resource descriptions
•Rdf•Central database•dns•web services, etc…
• Service plane• Control plane• Management plane• AAA model applications• Pick the right F to standardize
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On the iGRID2005 DEMO front:
SARA & collaborators just before this session scored a very significant record :
> 19 Gbit/s over two 10 Gbit/s Lambda’s to run the 55 tile panel feeding data from Amsterdam!
Ref. Paul Wielinga
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More shameless dutch pr on the iGRID2005 DEMO front:
NORTEL/UvA/NWU & collaborators showed complete virtual system and running application migration from Amsterdam to San Diego using dynamical Lambdas with subsecond application
downtime
Novel token based Lambda on demand
Automatic addressing setup worked in the last demo!iGRID is a very inspiring learning event!
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The “Dead Cat” demo
Produced by: Michael Scarpa Robert Belleman Peter Sloot Cees de Laat
Many thanks to: AMC SARA GigaPort UvA/AIR Silicon Graphics Zoölogisch Museum
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iGRID2005 publication opportunity
"Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS): The International Journal of Grid Computing: Theory, Methods and Applications" will publish a SPECIAL iGRID ISSUE in Spring/Summer 2006.
Guest editors: Larry Smarr, Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown, Cees de Laat
We can accept around 20-25 papers, Papers will be reviewed
* Maximum paper length is limited to 8 pages* Limit of 1 paper per demonstration.* Describe your iGrid experiences, results and performance measurements.* DEADLINE for submission is ONE MONTH AFTER iGRID -> Oct 31.
Submission must be via the FGCS website. For author guides and submission information, see <http://ees.elsevier.com/fgcs/>.
Contact: Cees de Laat: [email protected] (need reviewers :-)
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Questions ?
More info:
http://www.science.uva.nl/~delaat
Credits:–Leon Gommans, Bas Oudenaarde, Freek Dijkstra, Bert Andree, Jeroen van der Ham, Karst Koymans, & team
–Paola Grosso, Hans Blom–SURFnet / GigaPort, Kees Neggers, Erik-Jan Bos, et al!–NORTEL: Franco Travostino, Kim Roberts–SARA: Anwar Osseryan, Paul Wielinga, Pieter de Boer, Ronald van der Pol
–Joe Mambretti, Bill stArnaud, GLIF community–Tom & Maxine & Larry, laurin, OptIPuter, OnVector team !!!!
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