glg310 structural geology. force, stress, and strength [start reading chapter 3] 10 october...
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GLG310 Structural Geology
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Force, Stress, and Strength[start reading Chapter 3]
April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
• Introduction
• Dynamic analysis
• Force
• Tractions
• Stress
• Relationships between stress and strain
• Deformation experiments
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Structural Geology
• Introduces the physical side of Geological Sciences and emphasizes – Geometry (shape, orientation, position, size,
etc.)– Motion (beginning and ending positions and
paths of particles and bodies—deformation or change in geometry)
– Mechanics (explanations of why the geometry and motion are how they are)
04/21/23 GLG310 Structural Geology
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http://gdavis.web.arizona.edu/node/105
Geometric and kinematic description
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4 September 2012 GLG310 Structural Geology
Structural Analysis
• Descriptive Analysis– Recognize and describe structures and measure
their locations, geometries and orientations • Scale, Structural Elements
• Kinematic Analysis– Focus on motion of materials
• Dynamic Analysis– Interpret motions in terms of applied forces
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Physical Models
April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
Simulate earth processes in a controlled experimentBuild intuition versus actual predictionIdentify controlling processes or conditions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5hC47RGq0Y
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April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDQRfNEBR2w
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Mechanics
• Develop simple rules to explain behavior
• Can be stated in symbolic or mathematical terms
April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
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April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived.”
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Sir Isaac Newton, first published 5 July 1687
F=mA
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April 21, 2023
Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Law I: Every body continues in its state of rest, or in uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed upon it.
GLG310 Structural Geology
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http://www.poolplayers.com/instruction/terry-bell/2011/04/billiards-master-class-9-approach-and-procedure/ 1:25 cue ball to pool ball force transfer
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April 21, 2023
Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Law II: The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the impressed force and is made in the direction in which the force is impressed.
GLG310 Structural Geology
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April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
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April 21, 2023
Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion
Dimensional analysis: fundamental units
Mass = amount of material in a bodyWeight = Force due to gravity action on a body1 liter of water has a mass of
on earth it weighson the moon it weighs
GLG310 Structural Geology
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April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
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What does a Newton feel like?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOINRpWGrlw
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April 21, 2023
What does a Newton feel like?
-Davis and Reynolds (vo. 2), p. 101
GLG310 Structural Geology
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Force: Forces as vectors
use the tip-to-tail method to find the resultant force
http://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/
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http://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/mechanics/for/add_force/resultant_force_e.html
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Block mass is 10000 kgWhat is normal and shear force along base?Dip is 10 degrees.
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April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
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Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction http://www.hk-phy.org/contextual/
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Force: Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, or the mutual actions of two bodies on each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
Equilibrium
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April 21, 2023 GLG310 Structural Geology
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Driving and resisting forces of plate tectonics