glen h. elder, jr. carolina population center the university of north carolina at chapel hill elder...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Glen H. Elder, Jr.Carolina Population CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillhttp://www.unc.edu/~elder
Overcoming Disadvantage:From Great Depression
to Great Recession
Overcoming Disadvantage:From Great Depression
to Great Recession
![Page 2: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Principles of Life Course Theory
Human Developmentand Aging as
Life-Long Process
LinkedLives
HumanAgency in
Constrained Situations
Lives inTime and
Place
Timing inLives
![Page 3: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
The Different Historical Times of the Oakland and Berkeley Cohorts
Depression World War II
H.S.Graduate
BerkeleyCohort Income
Loss
1920 1930 1940 1950
OaklandCohort
IncomeLoss
H.S.Graduate
$
$
![Page 4: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Household economy• Changes in relationships• Emotional distress, anger
Income loss1929-33
Children’s well-being
Family Adaptations Link Income Loss to Children’s Well-being
![Page 5: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Oakland and Berkeley cohort members by age at historical events
![Page 6: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gender Negative Effects of Hardship
BOYSBerkeley(younger)
More thanOakland(older)
GIRLSBerkeley(younger)
Less thanOakland(older)
Adverse Effects of Depression Hardship
![Page 7: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Emerging Debt Pattern “Way of Life”1920s – 2009
Before WW II
• The 1910s-20s – buying things on credit, promoted by large retailers such as Sears, Roebuck, May Co.
• “Living beyond one’s means?” A good many Americans were doing so in the 20s.
• “When times go bad,” as in the 30s – job loss and inability to pay off debts
![Page 8: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Evolving Debt Pattern “Way of Life”1920 – 2009
After WW II
• The appearance of credit cards – Diners, American Express
• Booming 90s – ¾ of Americans had a credit card. More purchases by credit than by cash.
• From “easy credit” to fragile families and communities. “Ability to repay loan” less important. Bankruptcies soar over 400 percent from 1985 to present.
Source: Sullivan, T.A., E. Warren, & J.L. Westbrook. 2000. The Fragile Middle Class: Americans in Debt. New Haven: Yale University Press.
![Page 9: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Origins of Rural Economic Crisis, 1975 – 1995
• Bankers encourage Iowa farmers to plant “fencerow to fencerow,” and to buy more tillable acreage.
• “Soaring inflation” ended the prosperity of the 70s for rural Iowa, Feds increased interest rate for borrowers. Credit dried up.
• Value of land declined and families cut back on purchases, sending entire state of Iowa into a depression-like economy. Worst since the 1930s.
![Page 10: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Iowa Youth and Family Study
Questions:
1.Effects of economic hardship on young people.
2.Factors that increase youth achievement.
![Page 11: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Source: Elder, Glen H., Jr., and Rand D. Conger. 2000. Children of the Land: Adversity and Success in Rural America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sources of Resilient Lives
FamilyConnections
Networks of Social
Engagement
Caring Adults
MasteryExperiences
![Page 12: Glen H. Elder, Jr. Carolina Population Center The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elder Overcoming Disadvantage: From Great](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081518/5517f3e8550346a2228b471a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
[email protected]://www.unc.edu/~elder