Glass Waste and Mining

Yahya Jani PhD in Chemical Engineering

Researcher in the Dep of Biology and Environmental Science

yahyajanilnuse

Glass

bull Nobody knows when where or how people first learn how to make glass

bull The first manufactured glass was found in Mesopotamia about 3000 BC

bull First glass vessels were made about 1500 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt

bull In that time making glass was slow and costly because of the poor quality and low effective furnaces

3000-year-old glass furnace

Burnt with pine woods

The new glass furnace

Glass The invention of the blowpipe in about 30 BC made the glass production easier faster and cheaper and the glass became available for common people for the first time in history

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

Glass

bull Nobody knows when where or how people first learn how to make glass

bull The first manufactured glass was found in Mesopotamia about 3000 BC

bull First glass vessels were made about 1500 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt

bull In that time making glass was slow and costly because of the poor quality and low effective furnaces

3000-year-old glass furnace

Burnt with pine woods

The new glass furnace

Glass The invention of the blowpipe in about 30 BC made the glass production easier faster and cheaper and the glass became available for common people for the first time in history

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

3000-year-old glass furnace

Burnt with pine woods

The new glass furnace

Glass The invention of the blowpipe in about 30 BC made the glass production easier faster and cheaper and the glass became available for common people for the first time in history

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

Burnt with pine woods

The new glass furnace

Glass The invention of the blowpipe in about 30 BC made the glass production easier faster and cheaper and the glass became available for common people for the first time in history

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

The new glass furnace

Glass The invention of the blowpipe in about 30 BC made the glass production easier faster and cheaper and the glass became available for common people for the first time in history

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

Glass The invention of the blowpipe in about 30 BC made the glass production easier faster and cheaper and the glass became available for common people for the first time in history

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

Glass Today 90 of the flat plate is manufactured by the float process which was developed by the Britain Pilkington Brothers Ltd in 1959

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

What is Glass

Glass can be manufactured by melting at a 1600 oC a mixture of bull Silica ( SiO2) bull Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) bull Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) bull Limestone (CaCO3) bullAdditives like metals to give glass its color Then the mixture is cooled to solidify without crystallization

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

The chemical composition in general

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

Raw materials for glass manufacture bull Silica sand (SiO2) about 72 bull Soda ash (sodium carbonate) (Na2CO3) about 17 bull Limestone (CaCO3) about 5 bull Additives like metals to give glass its color about 6

Raw materials for glass production

Types of glass

1 Soda glass or Soda-lime glass (about 80 of all kinds of glass)

It is the most common type that are used for making windowpanes tableware bottles bullbs and all kinds of containers

2 Borosilicate glass

bull glass containing 5 percent or more of B2O3 (Boron oxide) highly resistant to heat and shock due to the very low coefficients of thermal expansion ( about 3 times 10minus6 degC at 20degC)

bull Used for making Chemical apparatus for Pharmaceutical and Tungsten sealing

3 Lead glass

bull Lead glass contains typically 18ndash40 by weight of lead(II) oxide (PbO)

bull Used for Color TV funnel Neon tubing Electronic parts and in Optical dense flint like glasses

4 Barium glass

bull Without this type of glass watching TV would be very dangerous A television produces X-rays that must be absorbed otherwise they could in the long run cause health problems The X-rays are absorbed by glass with minimum amounts of heavy oxides (lead barium or strontium) Glass containing barium is used for the TVs screen Other uses in the Optical dense barium crown

5 Aluminosilicate glass

bull A small but important type of glass aluminosilicate contains 20 aluminium oxide (alumina-Al2O3) often including calcium oxide magnesium oxide and boric oxide in relatively small amounts but with only very small amounts of soda or potash It is able to withstand high temperatures and thermal shock and is typically used in combustion tubes gauge glasses for high-pressure steam boilers and in halogen-tungsten lamps capable of operating at temperature as high as 750degC

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

Types of glass

1 Soda glass or Soda-lime glass (about 80 of all kinds of glass)

It is the most common type that are used for making windowpanes tableware bottles bullbs and all kinds of containers

2 Borosilicate glass

bull glass containing 5 percent or more of B2O3 (Boron oxide) highly resistant to heat and shock due to the very low coefficients of thermal expansion ( about 3 times 10minus6 degC at 20degC)

bull Used for making Chemical apparatus for Pharmaceutical and Tungsten sealing

3 Lead glass

bull Lead glass contains typically 18ndash40 by weight of lead(II) oxide (PbO)

bull Used for Color TV funnel Neon tubing Electronic parts and in Optical dense flint like glasses

4 Barium glass

bull Without this type of glass watching TV would be very dangerous A television produces X-rays that must be absorbed otherwise they could in the long run cause health problems The X-rays are absorbed by glass with minimum amounts of heavy oxides (lead barium or strontium) Glass containing barium is used for the TVs screen Other uses in the Optical dense barium crown

5 Aluminosilicate glass

bull A small but important type of glass aluminosilicate contains 20 aluminium oxide (alumina-Al2O3) often including calcium oxide magnesium oxide and boric oxide in relatively small amounts but with only very small amounts of soda or potash It is able to withstand high temperatures and thermal shock and is typically used in combustion tubes gauge glasses for high-pressure steam boilers and in halogen-tungsten lamps capable of operating at temperature as high as 750degC

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

2 Borosilicate glass

bull glass containing 5 percent or more of B2O3 (Boron oxide) highly resistant to heat and shock due to the very low coefficients of thermal expansion ( about 3 times 10minus6 degC at 20degC)

bull Used for making Chemical apparatus for Pharmaceutical and Tungsten sealing

3 Lead glass

bull Lead glass contains typically 18ndash40 by weight of lead(II) oxide (PbO)

bull Used for Color TV funnel Neon tubing Electronic parts and in Optical dense flint like glasses

4 Barium glass

bull Without this type of glass watching TV would be very dangerous A television produces X-rays that must be absorbed otherwise they could in the long run cause health problems The X-rays are absorbed by glass with minimum amounts of heavy oxides (lead barium or strontium) Glass containing barium is used for the TVs screen Other uses in the Optical dense barium crown

5 Aluminosilicate glass

bull A small but important type of glass aluminosilicate contains 20 aluminium oxide (alumina-Al2O3) often including calcium oxide magnesium oxide and boric oxide in relatively small amounts but with only very small amounts of soda or potash It is able to withstand high temperatures and thermal shock and is typically used in combustion tubes gauge glasses for high-pressure steam boilers and in halogen-tungsten lamps capable of operating at temperature as high as 750degC

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

3 Lead glass

bull Lead glass contains typically 18ndash40 by weight of lead(II) oxide (PbO)

bull Used for Color TV funnel Neon tubing Electronic parts and in Optical dense flint like glasses

4 Barium glass

bull Without this type of glass watching TV would be very dangerous A television produces X-rays that must be absorbed otherwise they could in the long run cause health problems The X-rays are absorbed by glass with minimum amounts of heavy oxides (lead barium or strontium) Glass containing barium is used for the TVs screen Other uses in the Optical dense barium crown

5 Aluminosilicate glass

bull A small but important type of glass aluminosilicate contains 20 aluminium oxide (alumina-Al2O3) often including calcium oxide magnesium oxide and boric oxide in relatively small amounts but with only very small amounts of soda or potash It is able to withstand high temperatures and thermal shock and is typically used in combustion tubes gauge glasses for high-pressure steam boilers and in halogen-tungsten lamps capable of operating at temperature as high as 750degC

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

4 Barium glass

bull Without this type of glass watching TV would be very dangerous A television produces X-rays that must be absorbed otherwise they could in the long run cause health problems The X-rays are absorbed by glass with minimum amounts of heavy oxides (lead barium or strontium) Glass containing barium is used for the TVs screen Other uses in the Optical dense barium crown

5 Aluminosilicate glass

bull A small but important type of glass aluminosilicate contains 20 aluminium oxide (alumina-Al2O3) often including calcium oxide magnesium oxide and boric oxide in relatively small amounts but with only very small amounts of soda or potash It is able to withstand high temperatures and thermal shock and is typically used in combustion tubes gauge glasses for high-pressure steam boilers and in halogen-tungsten lamps capable of operating at temperature as high as 750degC

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

5 Aluminosilicate glass

bull A small but important type of glass aluminosilicate contains 20 aluminium oxide (alumina-Al2O3) often including calcium oxide magnesium oxide and boric oxide in relatively small amounts but with only very small amounts of soda or potash It is able to withstand high temperatures and thermal shock and is typically used in combustion tubes gauge glasses for high-pressure steam boilers and in halogen-tungsten lamps capable of operating at temperature as high as 750degC

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

Other types of glass and their percentages (in EU)

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

Production rate of glass in Europe

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

The production rate of glass in the world

bull The world total production of glass was about 894 million tons in 2007

bull EU countries produced about 383 million tons in that year About 30 of the total production makes Europe the largest glass producer

bull The production rate is expected to increase due to the increase in the industrialization and the improvement in the standard of living

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

How much raw materials we need to produce 1 kg of glass

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

bull Each 1 kg of sheet glass needs 173 kg of raw materials and 015 m3 of water

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

While we need 12-13 kg of raw materials to produce 1 kg of container glass

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

How much energy we need to produce 1 kg

of glass

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

bull Glass industry is considered one of the most intensive use of energy Due to the high temperature up to 1600 o C to melt the raw materials

bull It was estimated that each 1 kg of glass produce 169 MJ of waste heat

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

Energy consumption of the European glass

bull production of each ton of European glass consumed 78 GJ of energy (1 GJ=109 joule )

bull In 2007 The total energy consumption of the European glass industry was 352 PJ (1 PJ=1015 joule )

bull 418 J=1 calorie (1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gm of water 1 C)

ie 13-17 of the total industrial energy consumption in Europe

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

Energy consumption European glass

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

The emission rate of pollutants

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

The total CO2 emission for each 1 kg of glass

bull The production of each 1 kg of glass release 057 kg of CO2

bull The melting step only release 02 kg of CO2 for each 1 kg of glass

bull There is also emission of other greenhouse gases like SOx

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

The CO2 emission in Europe 2007

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

Effect of increasing CO2 and other green house gases

How much time glass needs to degrade

bull According to the chemical structure glass is not a biodegradable material

bull Glass needs more than a one million years to degrade

How much Waste Glass is found in the whole world

bull There is no clear information about the quantity of waste glass in the whole world due to the lack of information from different countries

bull According to the United Nations there was 14 million tons of waste glass in 2004

bull In USA 115 million tons of waste glass generated in 2010 with a recycling rate of 27 only (ie 84 million tons sent to landfills)

bull In Europe there was 41 million tons of waste glass in 2008 with a recycling rate of 60

In the next slide we can see the quantity of waste in Asia and the expectation rate of waste in 2025 based on the income of different

countries

bull For the high income countries in 1997 waste glass was about 595 million tons and will be 602 million tons in 2025

bull Middle income 680 000 tons in 1997 and 333 million tons in 2025

bull Low income 316 million tons in 1997 and 144 million tons in 2025

In Sweden Why its important to find a solution for glass waste

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

bull According to the chemical structure glass is not a biodegradable material

bull Glass needs more than a one million years to degrade

How much Waste Glass is found in the whole world

bull There is no clear information about the quantity of waste glass in the whole world due to the lack of information from different countries

bull According to the United Nations there was 14 million tons of waste glass in 2004

bull In USA 115 million tons of waste glass generated in 2010 with a recycling rate of 27 only (ie 84 million tons sent to landfills)

bull In Europe there was 41 million tons of waste glass in 2008 with a recycling rate of 60

In the next slide we can see the quantity of waste in Asia and the expectation rate of waste in 2025 based on the income of different

countries

bull For the high income countries in 1997 waste glass was about 595 million tons and will be 602 million tons in 2025

bull Middle income 680 000 tons in 1997 and 333 million tons in 2025

bull Low income 316 million tons in 1997 and 144 million tons in 2025

In Sweden Why its important to find a solution for glass waste

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

How much Waste Glass is found in the whole world

bull There is no clear information about the quantity of waste glass in the whole world due to the lack of information from different countries

bull According to the United Nations there was 14 million tons of waste glass in 2004

bull In USA 115 million tons of waste glass generated in 2010 with a recycling rate of 27 only (ie 84 million tons sent to landfills)

bull In Europe there was 41 million tons of waste glass in 2008 with a recycling rate of 60

In the next slide we can see the quantity of waste in Asia and the expectation rate of waste in 2025 based on the income of different

countries

bull For the high income countries in 1997 waste glass was about 595 million tons and will be 602 million tons in 2025

bull Middle income 680 000 tons in 1997 and 333 million tons in 2025

bull Low income 316 million tons in 1997 and 144 million tons in 2025

In Sweden Why its important to find a solution for glass waste

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

bull There is no clear information about the quantity of waste glass in the whole world due to the lack of information from different countries

bull According to the United Nations there was 14 million tons of waste glass in 2004

bull In USA 115 million tons of waste glass generated in 2010 with a recycling rate of 27 only (ie 84 million tons sent to landfills)

bull In Europe there was 41 million tons of waste glass in 2008 with a recycling rate of 60

In the next slide we can see the quantity of waste in Asia and the expectation rate of waste in 2025 based on the income of different

countries

bull For the high income countries in 1997 waste glass was about 595 million tons and will be 602 million tons in 2025

bull Middle income 680 000 tons in 1997 and 333 million tons in 2025

bull Low income 316 million tons in 1997 and 144 million tons in 2025

In Sweden Why its important to find a solution for glass waste

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

In the next slide we can see the quantity of waste in Asia and the expectation rate of waste in 2025 based on the income of different

countries

bull For the high income countries in 1997 waste glass was about 595 million tons and will be 602 million tons in 2025

bull Middle income 680 000 tons in 1997 and 333 million tons in 2025

bull Low income 316 million tons in 1997 and 144 million tons in 2025

In Sweden Why its important to find a solution for glass waste

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

In Sweden Why its important to find a solution for glass waste

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

The Kingdom of Crystal Glass (Glasriket) in Smaringland

bull Witnessed the production of glass since 1742

bull According to the County administrative boards in Kalmar and Vaumlxjouml the glassworks in the region contain an estimated 310 tons of arsenic 19 tons of cadmium 1600 tons of lead and more than 130 000 m3 of waste glass

bull Recently the Swedenrsquos county administrative boards have mapped 20000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Smaringland

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Break

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

How we can save raw materials Energy And reduces the emission

of the greenhouse gases

How we can reduce the quantities of waste glass which are already

found in landfills

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Recycling of waste glass

bull Theoretically and due to the chemical structure of glass this material can be recycled without any limit

bull Each color of glass must be recycled with the same color

bull 5 grams of one color can contaminate 1 ton of another color

bull Broken and mixed color waste glass makes the recycling impossible sometimes because these materials cause a variation in the chemical composition of the recyclibale glass

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

What is the cullet

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

The cullet

bull Cullet is a crushed waste glass that is used for recycling

bull The cullet is often mixed with virgin glass materials to produce new glasses

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Recycling glass saves 74 of the energy it takes to make glass from raw

materials and of course reduces the greenhouse gases emissions

bull Because the cullet melts at a lower temperature compared to that needed to make glass from the virgin raw materials

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

The energy saved from recycling of one glass bottle is equal to the energy needs to operate a 100-watt light bulb

for 4 hours

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Recycling rate of container glass in Europe

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Cement industry challenges

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

1 The intensive use of the earth natural resources as raw materials

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

bullEach ton of cement clinker consumes 17 tons of the earthrsquos natural resources as raw materials

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Production rate only in China

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

2 Intensive use of energy

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

bullCement industry is considered one of the most energy intensive industries each 1 ton of cement needs 6 million BTUs of energy

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Total production of cement and energy consumption in China only

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

3 The high emission of green house gases especially CO2

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

bullCement industry accounted for about 7 of the total worldrsquos CO2 emission and it is expected to increase by 50 within 2050

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

CO2 emission with time

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

How we can solve the problems of cement and glass industries

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Using waste glass in the production of cement and concrete industries

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Waste glass can be used as an aggregate for the production of

concrete

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Or waste glass can be used as a replacement for cement itself

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Benefits of Using 20 of Waste Glass as a Raw Material in Cement industry

bull 20 replacement of cement with waste glass will reduce the CO2emission of cement by 20 million tonsyr

bull 20 of cement replacement with waste glass will result in saving of 95 trillion BTUs of energy annually

bull 25 of cement replacement would be equivalent to about removing 15 of automobiles

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Other benefits of using waste glass in cement industry

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduce the price of cement

bull Using waste glass in cement industry will reduces the environmental impact of the solid waste materials and helps to reduce the landfills spaces

bull The use of waste glass in cement industry will help in the save of the earth natural resources from depletion because of the intensive use of these natural raw materials in cement and glass industries

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Other uses of waste glass

bull Masonry concrete blocks

bull Blocks pavement

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Flooring

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Foam glass

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Glass wool

bull Used for thermal insulation

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Can waste glass be a secondary resource to recover metal values

bull salt extraction process

The process is based on the extraction of metal values from the raw materials into a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl LiCl and KCl corresponding to the ternary eutectic composition and with AlCl3 dissolved in the salt melt acting as the chlorinating agent This is followed by the electrolysis of the salt bath in the same reactor The normal processing temperature is in the range 973 K (700 degC) to 1173 K (900 degC)

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Principle of the Salt Extraction Process

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Glass smelting technique

bull To reduce the metal oxides to metal by melting the glass with reactants such as carbon or aluminium In this process metal oxides form into metallic spheres and fall to the bottom of the glass melt

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

The smelting furnace

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Referencer

bull httpwwwglasatervinningse

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservetoolsgreenscapespubsglasspdf (other uses of glass waste)

bull httpwwwepagovwastesconservematerialsglasshtm

Questions