MOIZ ULLAH BAIG (MM-036)

SAAD ARIF (MM-026)

HARIS IQBAL KHAN (MM-020)

OMAR SIDDIQI (MM-004)

Department of Materials Engineering

GLASS

INTRODUCTION

The presence of glasses in our

everyday environment is so common

that we rarely notice their existence.

Glass Beads Used As Precious Materials Found In Tombs And Gold Masks Of Pharaohs.

HISTORY

A glass can be defined as an

amorphous solid completely

lacking in long range, periodic

atomic structure, and exhibiting a

region of glass transformation

behavior.

MANUFACTURING OF GLASS

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HARDNESSThe Vickers hardness of oxide glasses

ranges from 2 to 8 Gpa.

In general, the effects of glass composition on hardness parallel those found

for elastic modulus.

FATIGUE

Static fatigue, is due to interaction of the glass with the surrounding atmosphere, resulting in crack growth under constant load.

A higher failure strength is observed when the load is increased rapidly, since this effect is observed under conditions of changing load, it is often called dynamic fatigue.

REFRACTIVE INDEX

The refractive index remains the most measured optical property

of glasses, as well as the most basic optical property for

determination of the appropriate glass for many applications.

Example; optical fibers

DISPERSION

The variation in index with wavelength is known as dispersion.

It is more convenient to measure the refractive index at a few specified wavelengths, and use these measurements as the basis for terms which can be used to compare the dispersion of different glasses.

ADVANCETECHNIQUES

The advent of the age of technology created many new opportunities for the application of glasses.

STAINED GLASS

It is a pleasurable art and craft. It is a hobby for many, and an art for the few.

Medieval Window at Troyes Cathedral, France (14th century)

GLASS FIBERSFiberglass are widely used for thermal insulation, fire resistant textiles, and reinforcing fibers for composites.

Insulation fibers are produced from modified soda-lime-silica compositions, which contain more alumina and iron than container glasses.

Fiberglass is produced from E glass, which actually includes a range of alkaline earth aluminoborosilicate compositions.

Nanostructure Thin Films of Titanium Dioxide Coated on Glass

Prevent from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Escherichia coli > Food poisoningStaphylococcus aureus > Skin infection

SMART

GLASSSmart Glass or Switchable Glass is a product

of cutting-edge technology that allows users

to block either all light or just some by simply

turning a knob or pressing a button.

This type of light control could potentially

save tremendously on heating, cooling and

lighting costs.

PD-LC > Liquid Crustal Droplets in

Polymer

ITO > Indium Tin Oxide

How Does It Works ?

BULK METALLIC

GLASSA new class of metallic alloys with a unique

amorphous atomic structure.

The amorphous atomic structure provides very high

yield strength and very high elastic limit (HEL) under

shock impact conditions.

This also provides an opportunity to make

various composites with tailored properties for

specific applications.

Transmission Electron Microscope micrograph showing the amorphous atomic structure of BMG (on the right) versus crystalline atomic structure of a typical metal (on the left). (Magnification ~X 5 Millions)

Striking face plate in golf clubs, frame in tennis rackets, various shapes of optical mirrors, casing in cellular phones, casing in electro-magnetic instruments, electro-magnetic shielding plates, high torque geared motor parts , high corrosion resistant parts.

CONCLUSION