glarkson wallace h. coulter school of engineering · fytn&aattutt^ av^wft-i hfi»nk(...

Glarkson UNIVERSITY

WALLACE H. COULTER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Technology Serving Humanity

MEMORANDUM

Subject: Progress Report ULI: FY12 Q3 Progress Report (4/1/2012-6/30/2012)

This document provides a progress report on the project "Advanced Digital Signal Processing" covering the period of 4/1/2012-6/30/2012.

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William D. Jemison, Professor and Chair, PO Box 5720, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5720 315-268-6509, Fax 315-268-7600, [email protected]

ONR Sponsor: Daniel Tarn ONR Code 333 Telephone: 703-696-4204 E-mail: dariiel.tarTi1@navyjTiii

Advanced Digital Signal Processing for Hybrid Lidar

Navy Lab mentor: Dr. Linda Mullen Address: 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, IVID Telephone: 301-342-2021 E-mail: [email protected]

University advisor: Dr. William Jemison Address: P.O. Box 5720 Potsdam, New York 13699 Telephone: 315-268-6509 E-mail: [email protected] ■.:'■■>>-.■-:.:: • -

Presented to:

Annual ULI program review attendees

June 6, 2012

Presented by.

Mr. Paul Perez

Clarkson University

NAV^^^AIR

tRT8 lUNIVtRSin Outline

tiMtmiH''»<*rir A'.«rf>*f*i r ii^i»-a«t kutUlt*

Background and Objectives Approach and Challenges Light Propagation in Water

Progress • Underwater laser range finder • A New Backscatter Reduction Approach

Summary

File: NAVAIR Brief NAV;i^Ar R

Background and Objectives A*ij|x>ii(i.j«a>-i* ki'ftiiin.k , iir^^tt AWjii*

Background The Navy uses hybrid lidar-radar for

underwater detection, ranging, communications, and imaging. - Modulate the lidar laser light intensity with radar

waveforms

- Recover the radar waveform from the received lidar optical signal

- Use coherent detection and other radar techniques to process the signal.

Objectives

To enhance hybrid lidar-radar performance: - Develop and evaluate various digital signal

processing (DSP) algorithms that will enhance the Hybrid Lidar-Radar performance.

- Implement the algorithms via DSP hardware • dynamically reconfigured via software (accomplish

multiple missions with a single sensor) • real-time processing • reduced loss/temperature sensitivity

us™ AAAA IJDAR

Vliniiiiize Ahsorption RADAR

Coherent Detcaion

jyiAA Hybrid LIDAR-RADAR Technologj'

Radar transmLssum-deleclkm in an smderwater environment

DSP Advantages

Component Availability/Cost Component Sensitivity/Performance

• Adaptability • Real Time Processing • Borrow waveforms/algorithms from

RADAR.

File: NAVAIR Brief NAV/^AI R

Approach and Challenges R ^Wi^tiim^'^ li,ffMt^k ., ■ krifutat Uemkf

Approach - Leverage known radar processing

techniques - Use existing performance prediction

models to generate data for multiple scenarios (system geometry/configuration, water optical properties, etc.)

- Use data to test the performance of DSP algorithms

- Compare results with experimental data - Use COTS DSP, FPGAs, and Software

Defined Radio (SDR) hardware to accelerate development and minimize cost

Principle Problems/Challenges - Many COTS DSP hardware platforms are

suitable for communications but lack performance for detection and ranging

- Radar propagation channel and the lidar propagation channel are very different

^'^t'9 .Water optical properties .""9 .Wateropticalp

Rangefinder - used to generate hybrid lidar-radar signals for DSP algorithm verification

vs.

COTS Software Defined Radio Evaluating performance of two COTS Software Defined Radios (Signal hound vs. COMBLOCK).

File: NAVAIR Brief

Light propagation in water \-4^/

<^1! Scattering

rransmitter ] -^/'^

Receiver -«I^^^^B

Field of view

Sinali-angle fonvard _ scattering Absorption^

^ Scattering Object

Wavelength Selection Absorption vs. Scattering Limited Performance Modulation Frequency

Depth in meters

50

100

150

200

Light penetration - coastal ocean

Light penetration - open ocean

Depth In meters

50

Backscatter Magnihide vs Modulation Frequency

Scatter-limited detection - more light,

more'clutter'

Absorption-limited detection - more light,

more range r-UmnSiKiltWMIIIIHI

Modulation Frequency {MHzj

Absorption decreases total signal level at the receiver Scattering degrades image contrast, resolution, and reduces range accuracy

i.^:2-i::îtiLi:i2:i:iîS^^^ AW'-.WXV-

File: NAVAIR Brief NAVjîÂI R

Progress and Activity fytn&aattutt^ AV^wft-i Hfi»nK( *ii,»«;t*

Project Stall: June 1^*2011 Summer 2011 & Fall 2011 (laser rangefinder)

Participated in the ONR NREIP program at NAWCAD Assisted with water tank experiments

Resulted in SPIE publication/poster presentation "Underwater Laser Rangefinder," Proceedings of SPIE, Ocean Sensing and Monitoring, Volume 8372

• Characterized Software Defined Radios

Spring 2012 (backscatter reduction) Became familiar with Navy Rangefinder simulation tool Identified new backscatter reduction technique Preliminary validation of backscatter reduction technique using simulation data from Rangefinder

Summer 2012 (planned) • Participate in the ONR NREIP program at NAWCAD

Thorough evaluation of backscatter reduction technique Validate backscatter reduction technique with laboratory experiments

File: NAVAIR Brief

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0) Q. X u

c o

3 E

CO

.2 26« ■a o

■g 220

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Laser Rangefinder Results Translation stage

object Water tank

f^=20MHz

170 I'Jd 210 23(1 251) 270 2'H] 31(1 330 350

Actual posilion, d (cm)

170 19U 210 2-10 250 270 2')0 310 HO 350

Actual poaiion , J (cm)

jliinilii.iiil!lllii.tillllfliUi

DC bias

488 nm Laser diode

A.W>^ftiu<it«ry J^iOVtUvJi. . . Htd^MU Urntk*

f=L DDS source

PMT

Optical filter

BPF

Jc ~ J m

SDR receiver

J c J m

Multimeter | f\ fX f\ f\

f^= 180MHz

150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350

Actual posilion , t/(cin)

ISO I7li 190 210 230 250 270 2'JO 310 330 350

Actual position . d (cm)

T/R separation = 12.5cm

Receiver FOV = 4 deg

SDR - COM-3011

Data shown presented in SPIE paper: "Underwater Laser Rangefinder," Proceedings of SPIE, Ocean Sensing and Monitoring, Volume 8372

ExperJnnental results show only the mean values to connpare with model predictions

Range error as a function of integration time is reported in the paper

c= 1.6 m-'' File: NAVAIR Brief

A New Backscatter Reduction Approach j,W<>^tiMfury (i^tMI\.k . . . firifi^Ult (Atimiu

Leverage Techniques Developed for Through the Wall Imaging (TTWI) Radar

Antenna Target

Wali

TTWI - unwanted returns from the wall

0 ;:;;;■; ;.-

i i c.,.'. -

■ I tj

«-—> • Tar^t

Ajiteiuta ■■■,.

Wall return is independent of antenna position Target return phase varies with antenna position

(lO-*

"Alto tacfcqwiiOd KUMrwaiMl;

Spatial lii.A frequency "t\l ii^JU,

filter ,' •:;;;i&

Spatial frequency donnain Enhanced performance

Hybrid Lidar- unwanted returns from backscatter (BSN)

Target

Backscatter is independent of receiver position Target return phase varies with receiver position

/

Spatial frequency

filter 9 Spatial frequency domain

File: NAVAIR Brief

Enhanced performance

N AV^^A I R

Spatial Frequency Filters i^j

There are a variety of spatial filters that have been developed for radar Single delay line, multiple delay lines

• Recursive, feed forward

etc. siH —, -^-^(l) >Sout

Selected single delay line for proof-of-concept • Simple and easy to implement

• Derived the filter response as a function of delay and water attenuation coefficient • Investigated backscatter reduction in high turbidity conditions(2.4m-^) at 100,

$2

500,1000 MHz.

Rangefinder: Generate Simulated

Hybrid-Lidar Data

^

Matlab: Simulate

Spatial Filter

Compare analytical and

simulated filter

response

Completed/In Progress

Planned

Simulate backscatter reduction at

several modulation frequencies

Experimental ^ validation of

backscatter reduction technique

DSP hardware implementation

of candidate filters

File: NAVAIR Brief NAV^^rAI R

F^ Delay Line Filter Transfer Function

Derived delay line filter response:

iV*<>i.(i«M*j> ti,>fMii;li .. - k^Mat AVufe

|G(c,Az)| = Vl + e-2^^^ - 2e-2'^^^co5(fcAz)

Good agreement between analytical and simulated response Magnitude Response of Delay Line Filter

025 Delay Dz (meters)

File: NAVAIR Brief

•• '^'iA 't^x.'jii:^v^x^;v^jiA.'^x.'^'*^xi^fa^v°^%^^ \.\>^ - A>. \\ W

NAV;?^AI R

HSH| Backscatter Reduction Simulation fmod = 100 MHz; Az = 1.13m; c = 2.4m-i A^»A,(Biit«»^ if^^j^fiif,.. a^x^-^uti jtWdi^*

-30dB backscatter reduction; ~3nn improvement in range;

Distance (meters)

File: NAVAIR Brief N fi<\f^^fK I R

Range Performance f^^rf = 100 MHz; Az = 1.13m; c = 2.4m-i

o q> B

o c iS

Q o

O

tf)

a>

0

Before Filter After Filter Ideal

12 3 4 5 Ideal Object Distance (meters)

File: NAVAIR Brief

Glarkson u Ni vEaniyi Backscatter Reduction Simulation

f„od = 500 MHz; Az = 0.226m; c = 2.4m-i g.,.J,,J^u., )>'.•*«»».,. KA.j.,1 (,'.,.A

~38 dB backscatter reduction; ~4.5 m improvement in range;

~4.5 m

1.5 2,5 3 3.5 Distance (melers)

4Jt 5.5

File: NAVAIR Brief 1; 3 NAVJ?^'AI R

Range Performance f^od = 500 MHz; Az = 0.226m; c = 2.4m-i

(/) o +-• 0)

u c (0

■■■I

Q o (D

O

^ 3 U) (0 0)


Ideal Object Distance (meters)

File: NAVAIR Brief

Backscatter Reduction Simulation f„„d = 1000 MHz; Az = 0.113m; c = 2.4m-i (,V«ili««.,, R.,M,d .. fci,j»i ««.fc

~38dB backscatter reduction; ~4 m improvement in range;

~ 4 m

0 c •t.O S C.E I G

File: NAVAIR Brief N A Vii^A I R

Range Performance fmnH = 1000 MHz; Az = 0.113m; c = 2.4m

^ r-

a> E

o 4 c re (/)

S3 o

^2 o 3 (A *^ ^ <D -^

0 0


1 2 3 4 5 Ideal Object Distance (meters)

File: NAVAIR Brief

Summary A*.«^>^«»M'« AIWH*. i.., kvU-Mtt *.V»t/t»t

Experience gained in summer 2011 internship at NAWCAD:

• Gained background in underwater optics

• Learned basics of RF modulation/demodulation via digital components • Performed initial experiments that led to SPIE publication/poster presentation

Accomplishments during 2011-2012 academic year: • Courses taken/knowledge gained: Signal Processing

• Characterized a commercial SDR and concluded that it is convenient to interface with an SDR to obtain the needed data for ranging calculations.

• Became familiar with Rangefinder simulation tool

• Identified a new backscatter reduction technique that will improve range calculations.

Future plans:

• 2012 Summer internship at NAWCAD - experimental validation of delay line predictions

• Participate in the student poster competition at the 2012 MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference (October, 2012)

• Courses planned: Signal Processing, Software Defined Radio

File: NAVAIR Brief N AV/i^A r R

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