cÍ@! tyf @@ -df3 @)&% b]lv j}zfv @)&^,@)&%÷&^_

g]kfndf g} klxnf]]k6s ljQLo ;fIf/tfaf/] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng x'g] .r}t @!, @)&%M af]8{n] g]kfndf klxnf]k6s

cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;fIf/tf ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . af]8{ / OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) INFE (International Network on Financial Education) sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf cfufdL h'nfO{ @–#, @)!( -tbg';f/ c;f/ !&–!*, @)&^_ df ;DkGg ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] b'O{ lbgsf] OECD-SEBON Conference on Financial Education and Financial Consumer Protection in Developing Countries ljifos k|yd cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] ljQLo ;fIf/tf ;Dd]ngsf] cfjZos tof/L af]8{n] ul//x]sf] 5 .

ljz]iftM blIf0f PlzofnL d'n's;lxt ljZjsf cGo ljleGg d'n'ssf s/La !)) eGbf a9L k|ltlglw ;xelutf /xg] pQm sfo{qmddf Financial education, inclusion and financial consumer protection in Nepal and across the region, Supporting and promoting financial inclusion for ageing populations, Reducing financial vulnerabilities from childhood, Understanding the different needs of rural, remote and urban populations and Access to finance and financial education for MSEs h:tf ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ ;qx? ;~rfng x'g] 5g\ .

o; ;Dd]ngdf x'g] 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmofaf6 g]kfn ;lxt blIf0f PlzofnL If]qdf ljQLo ;fIf/tf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf

r'gf}tL / cj;/x? af/]df 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg klxNofpg] cj;/ ldNg], xfn;fn} ;DkGg Nepal Investment Summit, 2019 kZrft pQm sfo{qmd cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf]n] o;af6 cGt//fli6«o If]qdf g]kfnsf] yk Exposure a9g], ljQLo ;fIf/tf tyf nufgLstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0f ljifodf cGt//fli6«o If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ ;Gb]z k'Ug], ljsl;t tyf ljsf;zLn /fi6«x?n] ljQLo ahf/df ljsf; u/]sf gofF cfofd, k|ljlw tyf cEof;x?sf] af/]df cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg eO{ g]kfndf ljQLo ;fIf/tf clej[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;fy} ljZjsf cGo d'n'ssf lgodg lgsfo tyf cGo lgsfo;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/ x'g] / o;af6 eljiodf ;d]t lgodg, ljQLo ;fIf/tfnufotsf If]qx?df cfk;L ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;xh x'g] ;d]t b]lvG5 . ;fy}, xfn g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljQLo ;fIf/tf /0fgLlt -@)&%÷&^–@)&&÷&*_ dfkm{t\ d'n'sdf ljQLo ;fIf/tf clej[l4sf nflu kxn ul//x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t of] ;Dd]ng ljz]if pkof]uL x'g] b]lvG5 .

OECD INFE /SEBONOECD n] ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] dxTjnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ o; ;DaGwL ultljlw lj:tf/ ug{ Ps ljlzi6 ;+:yfsf] of]hgf u/] cg'?k ;g\ @))* df International Network on Financial Education-INFE sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] xf] . o; ;+:yfn] ljZjJofkL?kdf ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fo, ljQLo ;dfj]lztf, o'jf tyf dlxnf ju{, bL3{sflng art tyf nu fgL nufotsf ljljw If]qx?df ljQLo ;fIf/tf clej[l4sf nflu sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . xfn o; ;+:yfdf ljZjsf ^$ b]zsf *^ ;+:yfx? k"0f{ ;b:osf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ eg] lgoldt ;b:otkm{ (% b]zsf !&@ ;+:yfx? /x]sf 5g\ .

Aff]8{sf] cfly{s jif{ @)&%.&^ sf] lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cg';f/ ljQLo ;fIf/tf k|j4{g tyf 1fg clej[l4 ug{ cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf, OECD-INFE sf]

;b:otf lng] sfo{qmd cg';f/ hgj/L !, @)!( af6 nfu" x'g] u/L af]8{n] g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 pQm ;+:yfsf] k"0f{ ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . o;;Fu} OECD INFE sf] k"0f{ ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{df af]8{ g]kfnsf] klxnf] lgsfo ag]sf] 5 . k"0f{ ;b:otf kfPsf] af]8{n] pQm ;+:yfsf] k|fljlws ;ldlt, ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt tyf ljleGg sfo{ut ;d"xdf ;xefuL eO{ OECD INFE / o; cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g] ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL ultljlwsf] ;~rfng tyf :t/ clej[l4df ;lqmo ;xeflutf b]vfpg ;Sg]5 . o;af6 ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ultljlw tyf ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] :t/ clej[l4df af]8{sf] ;d]t k|ToIf ;xeflutfsf] cj;/ pknAw ePsf] 5 .

o; c+sdf = = =ljifo k]h g=!= g]kfndf g} klxnf]k6s ljQLo ;fIf/tf ;Dd]ng !@= lwtf]kq ahf/df ePsf ;'wf/ tyf ljsf; @#= lwtf]kq ahf/sf] :yLlt *$= 5nkmn÷cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd !)$= lwtf]kq ahf/;DaGwL nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd !@ %= n]v -q]ml86 /]l6Ësf] cjwf/0ff ===_ !&

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df3 &, @)&%M af]8{n] pBf]u jf cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ ;d]t ldlt @)&% kmfNu'g ! ut] b]lv P]lR5s ?kdf cf:jf k|0ffnLdfkm{t cfj]bg lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf pBf]u jf cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] cf:jf k|0ffnLdfkm{t cfj]bg lbg] Joj:yf gePsf] / o;jf6 :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?n] b/vf:t lbg emGem6 Joxf]g'{ kl//x]sf] ;fy} lwtf]kq afF8kmfF8 kZrft z]o/ gk/]sf] /sd lkmtf{ lng tyf lwtf]kq k|df0fkq lngsf nflu k6s k6s lgisfzg tyf laqmL k|aGwsn] tf]s]sf] ;+sng s]Gb|df hfg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] ;fy} pQm lwtf]kq ljqmL ug{sf nflu lxtu|fxL vftf vf]]nL cef}ltsLs/0f ;d]t ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yfsf] ;fy} xfn cf:jf k|0ffnLsf] ;'ljwf && lhNnf / ;a} :yfgLo lgsfodf ;d]t k'lu;s]sf] l:yltnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ pQm Joj:yf u/]sf] xf] .

o;sf cltl/Qm pBf]u jf cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] k|fKt u/]sf] z]o/ ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ePsf] z]o/sf] afF8kmfF8 ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{ k"/f geP;Dd c? s;}nfO{ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf -nsO{g lkl/o8_ /x]sf] ;Gbe{df pBf]u jf cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/ sf/f]jf/ of]Uo gx'Gh]n cyf{t nsO{g lkl/o8;Dd cf:jf k|0ffnLdfkm{t ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf cfj]bg lbg] k|of]hgfy{ vf]n]sf] l8Dof6 vftfsf] jfl{if{s gjLs/0f z'Ns k|f]T;fxg :j?k ldgfxf lbg] Joj:yf ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .

lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf ldlt @)&# df3 b]lv sf7df08f} pkTosfdf / ldlt @)&$ >fj0f b]lv g]kfne/L cf:jf k|0ffnL clgjfo{ ?kdf nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] . lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf cf:jf k|0ffnL ;kmn ?kdf sfof{Gjog e};s] kZrft lwtf]kqsf] xsk|b lgisfzgdf ;d]t nfu" ul/Psf]df xsk|b lgisfzgdf;d]t cf:jf k|0ffnL ;kmn ?kdf sfof{Gojg ePsf] 5 . cf:jf k|0ffnLn] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg k|lqmofnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf], ;xh, kf/bzL{, :jR5, k|lt:kwf{Tds, nufgLd}qL, lgisfzg jGb ePsf] tLg lbgleqdf afF8kmfF8 x'g ;Sg], b/vf:t;fy k]z ul/Psf]÷ul/g] /sdsf] Jofh ;DjlGwt nufgLstf{n] j}s vftfdfkm{t :jtM g} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ;fy} lwtf]kq afF8kmfF8 eP kZrft :jtM lxtu|fxLsf] vftfdf lwtf]kq hDdf x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cf:jf k|0ffnLdfkm{t b]zsf ;ftj6} k|b]zsf && lhNNffsf s/La ;a} :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] s/Lj @,^)) eGbf a9L zfvfx?dfkm{t\ ;f] ;]jf k|bfg eO/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf o; Joj:yfjf6 lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg k|lqmof yk nufgLd}qL x'g'sf ;fy} af]8{sf] Ps g]kfnL Ps l8Dof6 vftf cleofgdf Jofkstf cfO{ jhf/ lj:tf/ x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

dflh{g sf/f]af/ ;'ljwfdf C0fsf] Aofhb/ tyf cg'udg ;DjGwL Joj:yfdf3 !*, @)&%M af]8{af6 lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLx?dfkm{t\ k|bfg x'g] lwtf]kqsf] dflh{g sf/f]af/;DaGwL ;]jf ;'ljwfdf /x]sf c:ki6tfx?nfO{ x6fpFb} pQm ;'ljwf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg g]K;]nfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/dfkm{t\ nufgL ug]{ ;j{;fwf/0f nufgLstf{nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o cEof; cg'?k dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg], lwtf]kq bf];|f] ahf/ sf/f]af/df t/ntf clea[l4 ug]{ tyf lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;fosf] bfo/f lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] af]8{n] sflt{s @), @)&$ df dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf ;DjGwL lgb]{zg, @)&$ hf/L u/]sf] / ;f]xL adf]lhd g]kfn :6s PS;r]~hn] j}zfv !(, @)&% df ædflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&%Æ th{'df u/]sf] ePtfklg sfof{Gjogdf cfpg s]xL l9nfO e}/x]sf] tyf d'b|f tyf k"FhL ahf/df b]lvPsf k|j[lQx?sf] ;du| d"Nof+sg u/L ljQLo :yfloTj Pj+ nufgLsf nflu >f]t Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfnoaf6 kF"hL ahf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu af]8{df k|fKt ePsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] qmddf af]8{n] yk Joj:yf u/L pQm lgb]{zg lbPsf] xf] .lwtf]kq bnfnn] u|fxsnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] C0fsf] Aofhb/ tyf cg'udg ;DaGwdf b]xfo cg';f/sf] Joj:yf ;d]t u/L dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg g]kfn :6s PS;r]~hnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'sf ;fy} o; ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf tn aS;df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

dflh{g sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL C0fsf] Aofhb/ tyf cg'udg ;DjGwL Joj:yfM • lwtf]kq bnfnn] u|fxsnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf lwtf]kq lgodg lgsfosf] bfo/fleq kg]{ kl/k|]Iodf lwtf]kq

bnfnn] dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf cGtu{t u|fxsnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] C0fsf] Jofhb/ ;DaGwdf lwtf]kq bnfn / u|fxsaLr x'g ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .

• lwtf]kq bnfnn] dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fP jfkt u|fxs;Fu lng] Jofhsf] b/af/] af]8{ / g]K;]nfO{ k"j{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .• lwtf]kqsf] dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwfsf ljljw kIfx? Aff/] ;';"lrt geO{ nufgL u/]df dflh{g sf/f]jf/ hf]lvdk"0f{ x'g] x'Fbf of] ;'ljwf nfu" ug'{cl3

o; ;DaGwdf nufgLstf{x?nfO{ kof{Kt hfgsf/L lbg g]K;]n] ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ ;fy} lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLdfkm{t ;d]t ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

• dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwfsf] sfof{GjognfO{ :jR5, kf/bzL{ tyf k|lt:kwL{ agfpg dflh{g sf/f]jf/sf] ;'kl/j]If0f Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg clt cfjZos /x]sf]n] lwtf]kq ahf/sf] cu|k+lQmsf] lgodg lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] g]K;]n] dflh{g sf/f]jf/sf] lgoldt / ;3g ?kdf ;'kl/j]If0f÷cg'udg ug{] .

• o; ;Gb{edf dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf cEof;df cfPkZrft dflh{g sf/f]jf/sf] nflu lwtf]kq bnfnn] u|fxsnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] C0fsf] Jofhb/ ;DaGwdf s'g} c:jfefljs l:ylt cfPdf af]8{n] cfjZos x:tIf]k -OG6{e]G;g_ tyf lgodg÷;'kl/j]If0f ug{] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

lwtf]kq ahf/ ;'wf/ tyf ljsf; ultljlwx?cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] cf:jf k|0ffnLdfkm{t cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf .

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o;sf ;fy} af]8{sf] dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf ;DjGwL lgb]{zg, @)&$ / g]K;]n] th'{df u/]sf] dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&% ;lxt dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf ;DjGwdf af]8{n] u/]sf Joj:yf af/] g]kfn /fi6« a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] pQm jf]8{ j}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;f] a}+snfO{ kqdfkm{t ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . lwtf]kq ahf/df dflh{g sf/f]jf/ ;'ljwf pknJw eP kZrft lwtf]kq Joj;fosf] sfo{ bfo/f -:sf]k ckm js{_ lj:tf/ x'g], nufgLstf{nfO{ Ps} 7fpFjf6 sf/f]jf/ ;DjGwL ;]jf k|fKt x'g] tyf bf];|f] ahf/ sf/f]jf/df t/ntf j[l4 x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .

lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ;DaGwdf .df3 @!, @)&%M af]8{n] s]xL lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLnfO{ zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] 5 . xfn sf7df8f+} pkTosf jflx/ b]zsf !# lhNnfsf] $! :yfgjf6 lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] zfvf sfof{nodfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg eO/x]sf] ;Gb{edf b]zsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg';f/ jhf/ lj:tf/ ub}{ hfg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] Pj+ xfn lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLn] zfvfjf6 x'g] sf/f]jf/ ;DjlGwt lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf cfj4 (Integrate) eO{ g]K;]sf] k|0ffnLdfkm{t x'g] Joj:yf x'g nfu]sf] ;Gbe{df pQm ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] xf] . o; cGt{ut cf=j= @)&$÷)&% leq -@)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd_ af]8{df zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng] lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf, sf7df8f+} pkTosf jflx/sf xfn lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] zfvf gk'u]sf cfly{s ?kdf ;lqmotfsf] cfwf/df ;DefJo lhNnf÷:yfgx? dx]Gb|gu/ -s~rgk'/_, la/]Gb|gu/ -;'v]{t_, 3f]/fxL, t'n;Lk'/ -bfª_, e}/xjf -?kGb]xL_ / hgsk'/ -wg'iff_ df, zfvfjf6 x'g] sf/f]jf/ ;DjlGwt lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf cfj4 -Integrate_ eO{ g]K;]sf] k|0ffnLdfkm{t x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ u/L cf7 lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLnfO{ zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ ;"lrt u/]sf] 5 .

;fy} @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt kZrft xfn;fn af]8{df zfvf sfof{no :yfkgfsf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;d]t lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLx?af6 lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf]df d'b|f tyf k"FhL ahf/df b]lvPsf k|ljlQx?sf] ;du| d"Nof+sg u/L ljQLo :yfloTj Pj+ nufgLsf nflu >f]t Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;'emfj ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg adf]lhd lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;fonfO{ yk k|lt:kwL{ agfpg lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foL ;DjGwL ljBdfg Ohfht / ;+rfng gLltdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{, jfl0fHo j}+ssf] ;xfos sDkgL tyf lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLn] csf]{ lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLnfO{ k|flKt (Acquire) ug]{ / ufEg]÷ufleg] (Merger) ;DaGwdf gLltut Joj:yf ug{ lwtf]kq Joj;foL -lwtf]kq bnfn, lwtf]kq Jofkf/L tyf ahf/ lgdf{tf_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ ;+zf]wg d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ qmddf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf sfo{nfO{ ;d]t cem Jojl:yt agfpg lgodfjnLdf yk Joj:yf u/] kZrft ;f] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOg] 5 .

hnljB't If]qdf hgtfsf] nufgL sfo{qmdsf nflu af]8{åf/f laz]if sfg"gL Joj:yfkmfu'g %, @)&%M g]]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;+/IfsTjdf g]kfnsf] hnljB'tsf] ljsf;df cfd ;j{;fwf/0f g]kfnLnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/n] Nofpg nfu]sf] hgtfsf] hnljB't sfo{qmd cg';f/ cfd ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] nflu Aoj:yf ul/Psf] $( k|ltzt :jM k"FhL ;+sngsf] nflu ul/g] z]o/ lgisfzg tyf afF8kmfF8nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ;DaGwdf laz]if sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos lgod tyf sfg"gL Joj:yfsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfnoaf6 af]8{df k|fKt kq adf]lhd af]8{af6 lwtf]kq btf{ tyf lgisfzg lgodfjnL, @)&# df bf];|f] ;+zf]wg u/L tn aS;df pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 M

!= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sDtLdf %! k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj ePsf] hnljB't sDkgLn] cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t l8hfOg k|ltj]bg jf cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut cg'dfg / lgdf{0f cjlw v'nfO{ tof/ ul/Psf] cflwsfl/s ljj/0f tof/ eO{ ;+:yfksx?n] lng sa'n u/]sf] z]o/ /sdsf] sDtLdf bz k|ltzt r'Qmf e};s]sf] / cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu kmfOgflG;on Snf]h/ e};s]sf] jf ;f]sf] nflu cfzokq k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t sfo{qmd adf]lhd ;j{;fwf/0faf6 k"FhL ;+sng u/L hnljB't cof]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ z]o/ tyf l8a]~r/ lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

@= pQm sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf hnljB't sDkgLn] z]o/sf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ubf{ To:tf] z]o/ vl/b ug{ rfxg] cfj]bsn] cfj]bg ;fy z]o/sf] r'Qmf d"Nosf] bz k|ltzt /sd bflvn ug'{kg]{ u/L cfj]bg dfu ug{ ;Sg] .

#= cfj]bg ug]{ cfj]bsnfO{ z]o/ afF8kmfF8 x'g] ePdf sDkgLsf] bz k|ltzt r'Qmf ePsf] z]o/ k|bfg ul/g] / pQm z]o/wgLnfO{ sDkgLn] g]kfn ;/sf/n]] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] aflif{s k|ltkmn k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 eg] o:tf] k|ltkmn z]o/sf] r'Qmf x'g afFsL /sddf ldnfg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] .

$= ;+:yfksx?n] lng sa'n u/]sf] z]o/sf] zt k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL eO{ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] Go"gtd krf; k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePkl5 sDkgLn] z]o/wgL;Fu r'Qmf x'g afFsL /sd dfu ug{ ;Sg] / /sd k|fKt ePkl5 lgisflzt z]o/sf] r'Qmf /sd zt k|ltzt u/L ;DalGwt z]o/wgLnfO{ z]o/ hf/L ul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

%= z]o/sf] /sd zt k|ltzt r'Qmf eP kZrft To:tf] z]o/ lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df sf/f]af/ x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] .^= z]o/sf] r'Qmf x'g afFsL ;Dk"0f{ /sd k|fKt gePdf sDkgLn] To;/L r'Stf x'g afFsL /sd a/fa/sf] z]o/ cGo OR5's vl/bstf{nfO{ Ps dlxgfsf]

;do cjlw lbO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L u/L laqmL ug{ ;Sg] t/ ;f] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ laqmL x'g g;s]df laqmL x'g afFsL /x]sf] z]o/ ;+:yfks z]o/wgL jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf /xg] u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

=

4

g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf /fli6«o uf}/jk"0f{ cfof]hgf cGtu{tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljB't cfof]hgfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] $%^ d]3fjf6sf] dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't cfof]hgfn] ¿= @^$=&% s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ;fwf/0f z]o/ lgisfzg ul/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;fy} g]kfnsf] hnljB't ljsf;df cfd ;j{;fwf/0f g]kfnLnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] p2]Zo adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] hgtfsf] hnljB't sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf] #& d]3fjf6sf] lqz'nL hnljB't sDkgL ln= n] ¿= #&=)% s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ;fwf/0f z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg u/]sf 5g\ . :d/0fLo 5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] pTkfbgd'ns sDkgLx¿nfO{ k"FhL ahf/df ;"rLs[t ePdf cfo s/df !% k|ltzt 5'6sf] Joj:yf ug{'sf ;fy} af]8{n] ;d]t ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ lk|ldod d"Nodf lwtf]kq lgisfzg ug{ kfpg] tyf hf/L k"FhLsf] Go"gtd !) k|ltzt lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ug{ kfpg] ljz]if Joj:yf u/];Fu} o; cGtu{t klxnf] k6s lzjd\ l;d]G6 ln= n] s'n ¿= @)@=$) s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ;fwf/0f z]o/sf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg u/]sf] 5 .

k|fOe]6 OSjL6L km08, e]Gr/ Soflk6n km08, x]h km08 h:tf a}slNks nufgL sf]if k|f]T;fxg ug{ ljlzli6s[t nufgL sf]if lgodfjnL .

kmfu'g @&, @)&%M af]8{sf] cf=j= @)&%.&^ sf] lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf :jb]zL tyf u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL nufot j}b]lzs kF"hL ;d]t kl/rfng x'g;Sg] u/L j}slNks nufgL sf]if lgodfjnL Nofpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cf=j=@)&%.&^ ah]6 aStAodf k|fOe]6 OSo"6L, e]~r/ Soflk6n / x]h km08 nufotsf gofF ;+:yfx?nfO{ kF"hL ahf/df k|j]z u/fOg] sfo{qmd cg';f/ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd af]8{n] k|fOe]6 OSjL6L km08, e]Gr/ Soflk6n km08, x]h km08 h:tf a}slNks nufgL sf]if k|f]T;fxg ug{ æljlzli6s[t nufgL sf]if lgodfjnL, @)&%” agfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[ltdf ldlt @)&%.!!.@@ b]lv nfu" ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o; lgodfjnLn] k/Dk/fut nufgLsf] ;§f gjLgtd 1fg, ;Lk÷Ifdtf ePsf jf gofF j:t', ;]jf, k|ljlw jf af}l4s ;DklQ;Fu ;DalGwt Joj;fo jf gjLgtd pBd Joj;fonfO{ ;~rfng ug{ / o:tf gofF Joj;fox? z'?jft ug{ :jb]zL tyf a}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ ljz]if Joj:yf u/L nufgLsf] gofF cj;/x? k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o;df ePsf d'Vo Joj:yfx? ;+nUg aS;df lbOPsf] 5 .

ljlzli6s[t nufgL sf]if lgodfjnLdf ePsf d'Vo d'Vo Joj:yfx?M!= o; lgodfjnLn] sf]ifsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;j{k|yd :jMkF"hL jf :jMkF"hL;Fu ;DalGwt cGo pks/0f jf nufgL ug]{ sDkgLsf

;fem]bf/x?sf] OR5f adf]lhd nufgL ug]{ sf]if k|fOe]6 OSjL6L km08, lwtf]kq ;"rLs/0f gePsf ;+rfngsf] z'?jftLqmddf /x]sf jf ;+rfngsf] k|s[of cufl8 al9;s]sf gjLgtd 1fg, ;Lk / Ifdtf ePsf jf gofF a:t', ;]jf, k|ljlw jf a}l4s ;DkQL;Fu ;DalGwt Joj;fo jf gjLgtd pBd Joj;fonfO{ ;+rfng ug{ z]o/ :jfldTj kF"hLdf nufgL ug]{ sf]if e]Gr/ Soflk6n km08 / nufgLsf] pRr hf]lvd /x]sf] h'g;'s} If]qdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] u/L :yfkgf ePsf] sf]if x]h km08 u/L d'Votof tLg j6f sf]ifx?sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

@= sf]if Joj:yfkssf] sfo{ ug]{ p2]Zo eO{ r'Qmf k"FhL sDtLdf b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}of ePsf nufotsf of]Uotf k'u]sf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ;+u7Lt ;+:yfn] pQm sf]ifsf] :yfkgf tyf ;+rfng ug{ af]8{af6 cg'dlt kq k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'g' cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ jf sDkgL /lhi6«f/ sfof{nodf btf{ eO{ ;+rfngdf /x]sf] sf]if Joj:yfkssf] xsdf of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq sf]if Joj:yfkssf] cg'dlt lng lgj]bg lbO{ ;Sg' kg]{ Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

#= k|fOe]6 OSjL6L km08, e]Gr/ Soflk6n km08, x]h km08 ;+rfng ug{sf nflu sf]ifsf] /sd sDtLdf kGw| s/f]8 ?k}ofF ePsf], sf]if Joj:yfksn] sf]ifdf Go"gtd b'O{ k|ltzt lx:;f lnPsf] / ;f] Go"gtd lx:;f lg/Gt/ sfod /fVg] Joj:yf ePsf] -låkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo cGt/fli6«o ;+:yfn] nufgL u/]sf] sf]ifsf] xsdf pQm Joj:yf nfu' gx'g]_], OsfO{wgLsf] ;+Vof b'O{;o eGbf a9L gx'g], sf]if aGbd'lv k|s[ltsf] ePsf], OsfO{wgLnfO{ k|ltkmn :j?k gub nfef+z dfq lbg] Joj:yf ePsf] / OsfO{wgLn] sDtLdf krf; nfv ?k}ofFsf] OsfO{ vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf ;lxt sf]if btf{sf] Go"gtd dfkb08x? tf]lsPsf] 5 .

$= nufgLsf] hf]lvd tyf k|ltkmnsf] ljZn]if0f u/L sf]ifsf] :jk"FhLdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, aLdf sDkgL, cjsfz sf]if, sNof0fsf/L sf]if, ;+ro sf]if, gful/s nufgL sf]if h:tf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd dfGotf k|fKt sf]if, låkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfut nufgLstf{, nufgL ug{ ;Sg] p2]Zo ePsf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf :yfkgf ePsf ;+:yf, g]kfnL gful/s tyf u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLnfO{ of]Uo nufgLstf{sf] ?kdf /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

%= sf]if Joj:yfksåf/f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug{sf] lglDt sf]ifsf] ljwfgdf pNn]v x'g'kg]{ Go"gtd Joj:yfx? sf]ifsf] gfd, sf]ifsf] k|sf/, sf]ifsf] cfsf/ / ;dfojlw, sf]ifsf] k|j4{g ug{ slDtdf bz k|ltzt /sd nufgL ug{ k|ltj4tf u/]sf nufgLstf{sf] ljj/0f, sf]if ;+rfng tyf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf, sf]ifsf] nufgLsf] nlIft If]q tyf nufgL k|s[of ;DaGwL ljj/0f, nufgLdf k|fKt x'g] k|If]lkt k|ltkmn ;DaGwL Joj:yf, nufgL lkmtf{ x'g] k|s[of ;DaGwL ;DaGwL Joj:yf, x8{n /]6, sf]if Joj:yfkg z'Ns tyf sf]if vf/]hL cflb Joj:yfx? u/]sf] 5 .

5

^= sf]if Joj:yfksn] of]Uo nufgLstf{;Fu nufgL ug]{ ;DaGwdf nufgL ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . nufgL ;Demf}tfdf sf]if Joj:yfksn] sf]ifsf] /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd nufgL ug{ lgif]w ul/Psf] If]qx?df afx]s nufgL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] sDkgL jf Joj;fodf nfugL ug{ ;Sg], nufgL ul/g] /sd / ;dofjlw, nufgLdf k|fKt x'g] k|If]lkt k|ltkmn, nufgL lkmtf{ x'g] k|s[of, ljjfb ;dfwfg k|s[of, x8{n /]6sf] Joj:yf, sf]ifsf] z'Ns, sf]]ifsf] ;dflKt kl5 ;j} k|sf/sf] ;DklQnfO{ gubdf kl/0ft u/L sf]ifsf] bfloTj km/kmf/s u/L afFsL /sd OsfO{wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ cflb v'nfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

&= sf]ifn] cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yf jf ax'kIfLo ;+:yfut nufgLstf{nfO{ OsfO{ lgisfzg ubf{ C0fsf] ?kdf ;d]t OsfO{ lgisfzg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

*= sf]if Joj:yfksn] ug]{ sf]if Joj:yfkgnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ sf]if Joj:yfks, ;+rfns ;ldlt tyf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf of]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] / sf]if Joj:yfks / sf]ifsf] sf/f]af/ kf/bzL{ kfg{ lglDt 5'§f5'§} ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, n]vfkl/If0f ubf{ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt l;4fGt, sfg"g / dfkb08 cg';f/ 5'§f5'§} ug]{ h:tf Joj:yf u/L :jlgodgdf ;d]t hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

(= sf]ifsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] lwtf]kqsf] nsOg cjlw ;fjh{lgs lgisfzg u/L afF8kmfF6 ePsf] ldltn] Ps aif{sf] x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

!)= nufgLsf] pRr hf]lvd /x]sf] h'g;'s} If]qdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] u/L :yfkgf ePsf] x]h km08 ;+rfng ;DaGwdf o;sf] ;+j]bzLntfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L af]8{n] ljz]if lgb]{lzsf agfO{ yk Joj:yf u/] kZrft dfq nfu" ul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

ljsf;f]Gd'v kF"hL ahf/df xfn ;fn z'? ul/Psf] a}slNks nufgL sf]if h:tf] cfw'lgs gofF ljQLo pks/0fsf] k|of]un] k/Dk/fut nufgLsf] ;§f gofF Joj;fox? ;~rfng ug{ d2t eO{ kF"hL ahf/sf] bfo/f km/flsnf] x'g], gljgtd pBd Joj;fonfO{ ;~rfngsf nflu k"FhL h'6fpg ;xh eO{ nufgLstf{x?nfO{ gofF nufgLsf] cj;/ k|fKt eO{ :jb]zL nufgL kl/rfng x'g] / a}b]lzs nufgL lelqgsf nflu ;d]t ;xh tyf ;/n x'g] x'Fbf b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df ;d]t 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 .pQm lgodfjnL jf]8{sf] j]a;fO{6 www.sebon.gov.np df x]g{ ;lsg] 5 .

pkTosf jflx/sf :yfgx?af6 lnnfd k|lqmofdf cfj]bg lbg] ;DjGwdf ul/Psf] yk Joj:yf .r}q &, @)&%M lwtf]kqsf] xsk|b lgisfzg kZrft laqmL gePsf] z]o/sf] lnnfd k|lqmofdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf nufgLstf{x?n] dfq cfj]bg lbg] ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df af]8{n] @)&$ sflt{saf6 pkTosf aflx/sf k|d'v s]G›x? slDtdf lj/f6gu/, lj/u+h, kf]v/f, j'6jn, g]kfnu~h, ;'v]{t tyf wgu9Laf6 cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf]df xfn b]zsf] k|fb]lzs ;+/rgf tyf cfly{s ?kdf ;lqmotf tyf lwtf]kq sf/f]jf/sf] cj:yf ;d]tsf cfwf/df dfly pNn]lvt :yfgsf ;fy} af]8{n] cGo :yfgx? ;d]t yk u/L cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ dr]{G6 j}s/x?nfO{ kl/kq u/]sf] 5 .

lnnfdL z]o/ cfj]bg lng] Joj:yf ul/Psf] sf7df8f+} pkTosf jflx/sf b]xfosf :yfgx? k|b]z g= ! sf] lj/f6gu/ / ljtf{df]8, k|b]z g= @ sf] jL/u+h / hgsk'/, k|b]z g= # sf] x]6f}+8f / gf/fo0fu9, k|b]z g= $ cyf{t u08sL k|b]zsf] kf]v/f / afUn'ª, k|b]z g= % sf] a'6jn, 3f]/fxL / g]kfnu~h, k|b]z g= ^ cyf{t s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] ;'v]{t / k|b]z g= & cyf{t ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zsf\ wgu9L / dx]G›gu/df s]Gb| x'g] Joj:yf ug{sf nflu kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df ;f] sfof{Gjogdf cfO{;s]sf] 5 . pNn]lvt Joj:yfjf6 lwtf]kqsf] xsk|b lgisfzg kZrft laqmL gePsf] xsk|b ;]o/ lnnfd k|lqmofdf nufgLstf{n] ;xh tyf ;/n 9+un] cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] tyf lwtf]kq ahf/sf] If]q cem lj:tf/ x'g] af]8{sf] ck]Iff /x]sf] 5 .

:yfoL n]vf g+a/ ;DaGwdf kmfu'g #), @)&%M af]8{n] lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df x'g] lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/df r/0fa4 ?kdf Kofg nfu' ug]{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfly{s aif{ @)&%.&^ sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf / ah]6 sfof{Gjog sfo{of]hgfdf bf];|f] ahf/ dfkm{t z]o/ vl/b ubf{ nufgLstf{n] :yfoL n]vf g+a/ lnPsf] k|df0f k]z ug'{kg]{ gLltut Joj:yf ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf]] lyof] . ;f] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf af]8{af6 la=;== @)&^ a}zfv ! ut]af6 bf];|f] ahf/dfkm{t\ z]o/ vl/b ubf{ :yfoL n]vf g+a/ clgjfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]df af]8{n] nufgLstf{ tyf ;Da4 kIfx?;Fu ul/Psf] 5nkmnsf] ;'emfj tyf lgisif{ Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt pRr:t/Lo ljQLo If]q ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/sf] lgb]{zgnfO{ b[li6ut u/L la=;== @)&^ a}zfv ! ut]af6 lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df Ps k6sdf ?=% nfv jf ;f]eGbf a9L sf/f]jf/ ug]{ nufgLstf{x?nfO{ :yfoL n]vf gDa/ -Kofg_ clgjfo{ ug]{ / ;f] eGbf sd nufgL ug]{ tyf ;fgf nufgLstf{x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ xfnnfO{ P]lR5s ?kdf ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf af]8{af6 ul/Psf] 5 .

6

;ls{6 a|]s/df gofF Joj:yfr}t !(,@)&%M af]8{n] ;ls{6 a|]s/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cEof;sf] ;d]t dWogh/ u/L ahf/ k|efljt ug]{ k|a[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ g]K;] ;"rsf+s a9\bf / 36\bf ;ls{6 a|]s nfUg] Joj:yfnfO{ ;d;fdlos agfpg cGt/f{li6«o cEof; ;d]tsf] cWoog u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu af]8{df k]z ug{ ldlt @)&% k'if !* df g]K;]nfO{ lgb]{lzt u/] cg'?k g]kfn :6s PS;r]~h ln= n] lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/ ;"rsf+sdf nufpFb} cfPsf] ;ls{6 a|]s/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/]sf] 5 pQm Joj:yf nfu" ePsf] xf] . gofF ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ldlt @)&% r}t !( b]lv aS;df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/df ;ls{6 nfUg] ePsf] 5 M

;ls{6 a|]s/ / o; ;DaGwL ePsf] gofF Joj:yf lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df sf/f]af/ x'g] lwtf]kqsf] ahf/ d"Nodf ck|Tofl;t ?kdf a9\g] jf 36\g] cj:yf cfPdf pQm lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/ lglZrt ;dosf] nflu /f]s nufOg] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;ls{6 a|]s/ elgG5 . @)^# ;fnaf6 ;"rsf+sdf cfPsf] c+ssf] kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/df ;ls{6 a|]s/ nufpg yflnPsf]df @)^$

;fnaf6 ;"rsf+sdf cfPsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df ;ls{6 a|]s/ nufpg yflnPsf] xf] . xfn g]K;n] o; ;DaGwdf u/]sf] gofF Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .

• sf/f]af/ z'¿ ePsf] klxnf] Ps 306fdf rf/ k|ltztn] 36] jf a9]df @) ldg]6,

• bf];|f] 306fdf kfFr k|ltzn] 36] jf a9]df $) ldg]6,

• t];|f] 306f jf To;kl5sf] ;dodf 5 k|ltztn] 36] jf a9]df afFsL k"/} lbgsf] sf/f]af/ :ylut x'g] .

o; cl3 klxnf] Ps 306fdf g]K;] ;"rsf+sdf tLg k|ltztn] a9\g] jf 36\g] ePdf !% ldg]6sf nflu sf/f]af/ :yug, To;kZrft sf/f]af/ v'n]kl5 rf/ k|ltztn] kl/jt{g ePsf] csf]{ #) ldg]6sf nflu sf/f]af/ :yug ug]{ / To;kZrft v'n]sf] ahf/df g]K;] ;"rsf+sdf kfFr k|ltztn] kl/jt{g ePdf pQm lbg afFsL k'/} ;dosf nflu sf/f]af/ :yug x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] lyof] .

;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf Go"gtd !) lsQf cfj]bg lbg kfpg] ;xeflutfd"ns Joj:yfr}t @&, @)&%M af]8{af6 ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf Go"gtd !) lsQf klg cfj]bg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;j} ju{sf nufgLstf{x?sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg pknAw eP;Dd ;a} cfj]bsx?n] !) lsQf z]o/ kfpg] ;dfj]zL ljt/0f k|0ffnL / cf:jf k|0ffnL sfof{Gjogdf cfP;Fu} sf7df8f}+ aflx/ ;lxt b]z}e/ ;fgf tyf cfd nufgLstf{sf] ;xeflutf a9\b} uPsf] kl/k|]Iodf o;nfO{ yk Jojl:yt agfpgsf nflu pQm Joj:yf nfu" ePsf] xf] . o;cl3 ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf Go"gtd %) lsQf cfj]bg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] lyof] . gofF Joj:yfaf6 k"FhL ahf/df ljBfyL{;lxt ;–;fgf kF"hL ePsf] ju{ ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf a9\g] / rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] Ps g]kfnL Ps l8Dof6 vftf cleofgdf ;d]t Jofks ;xeflutf a9\g] b]lvPsf] 5 .

nufgLstf{;Fu klxnf] k|ToIf /]l8of] ;+jfb sfo{qmd ;DkGgj}zfv $, @)&^M af]8{n] gofF jif{ @)&^ sf] klxnf] a'waf/ cyf{t a}zfv $ ut]af6 nufgLstf{;Fu k|ToIf /]l8of] ;+jfb sfo{qmdsf] k|;f/0f z'¿jft u/]sf] 5 . lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/;DaGwL ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 \tyf u'gf;f÷lh1f;fx¿ ;Daf]wg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rfng ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmd /]l8of] sflGtk'/af6 laxfg & M#) b]lv *M)) ah];Dd nfOe k|;f/0f ePsf] xf] . af]8{ cWoIf 8f=/]jt axfb'/ sfsL{ tyf af]8{sf pRr txsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] pkl:yltdf ;~rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf lwtf]kq ahf/ / o;sf] kl5Nnf] cj:yfsf] af/]df k|Zg ;f]lwPsf] lyof] eg] s]xL ;j{;fwf/0fn] ahf/ ;DaGwdf cfˆgf u'gf;fx¿ /fv]sf]df cWoIf 8f= sfsL{n] ;f]sf] ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

k|ToIf /]l8of] ;+jfb sfo{qmd cfufdL lbgdf k|To]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] a'waf/ laxfg &M#) b]lv *M)) ah];Dd lgoldt ¿kdf nfOe k|;f/0f x'g] 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f nufgLstf{n] kmf]g g+= )!–%%$!()%, %%$!()^ df ;Dks{ u/L sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ;Sg]5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do af]8{n] ljQLo ;fIf/tf clej[l4 tyf nufgLstf{sf u'gf;f÷lh1f;fx¿sf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpFb} nu]sf] x'Fbf Psflt/ ;fIf/ Pj+ ;r]t nufgLstf{sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 x'g] tyf csf]{tkm{ pgLx¿sf] u'gf;f÷lh1f;fx¿ ;dod} ;Daf]wg eO jf]8nfO{ o;af6 ;d]t lgod ;\'wf/ ub}{ hfg ;3fp x'g] ljZjf; af]8{sf] /x]sf] 5 .

j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;~rfngsf] k"j{ :jLs[ltsf nflu gofF cfj]bg lbg] Joj:yfj}zfv !@, @)&^M j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;+rfng ug{ af]8{df kfFr j6f k|:tfljt sDkgLx?n] k"j{ :jLs[ltsf nflu lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]df j:t' ahf/ ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&$ sf] lgod % adf]lhd pQm sDkgLx?n] ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft tyf ljj/0fx? k]z u/]sf] gb]lvPsfn] j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;~rfng ug{ k"j{ :jLs[ltsf nflu cfPsf kfFr} lgj]bsx?nfO{ af]8{n] k"j{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ OGsf/ ug]{ lg0f{o af]8{af6 ul/Psf] 5 .

7

d'n'ssf] cy{tGqsf] cfsf/, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fosf] ljsf;, j:t' sf/f]jf/sf] ;DefJotf tyf nufgLstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0fnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L xfnnfO{ af]8{af6 b'O{j6f dfq j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;~rfng ug{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/g] gLltut lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . To; cg';f/ gofF cfj]bg lbg rfxg] cfj]bssf nflu af]8{n] cfJxfg ;d]t ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;/L j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;+rfngsf nflu k"j{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ubf{ k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] k"FhL / /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/, k|:tfljt k|ljlw, Joj;flos of]hgf, ;+:yfut :jfldTj ;+nUgtf / Joj:yfkgsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df pTs[i6 b'O{j6f cfj]bsnfO{ 5gf}6 ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;fy} pko'{Qm adf]lhd OGsf/ ul/Psf cfj]bsn] ;d]t k"j{ :jLs[ltsf nflu k'gM cfj]bg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

lwtf]kq ahf/df gofF ljQLo cf}hf/sf] ?kdf v'nfd'vL ;fd"lxs nufgL of]hgfj}zfv !%, @)&^M af]8{n] lwtf]kq ahf/df goFf ljQLo cf}hf/ le`\ofpg] qmddf v'nfd'vL ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if of]hgf ;+rfng ug{ Ps of]hgf Joj:yfksnfO{ ldlt @)&^ j}zfv !% df cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . af]8{sf] cf=a= @)&%.&^ sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf lwtf]kq ahf/df ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if cGtu{t v'nfd'vL of]hgf (Open end Mutual Fund Scheme) nfO{ ;d]t k|j]z u/fpg] sfo{qmd /x] cg'?k af]8{n] k|of]ufTds ?kdf k|f/lDes cfsf/ ?= %) s/f]8 /xg] u/L klxnf] v'nfd'vL ;fd"lxs nufgL of]hgf ;+rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . pQm of]hgf cGtu{t klxnf] r/0fdf !@ s/f]8 %) nfv a/fa/sf] O{sfOx? ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgsf] dfWodaf6 laqmL v'Nnf x'g]5 .

lj= ;+= @)^& ;fndf ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if lgodfjnL nfu" eP kZrft af]8{af6 xfn;Dd s/Lj !^ ca{ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] !& j6f aGbd'vL of]hgf (Close end Mutual Fund Schemes) x?n] :jLs[lt kfPsf]df xfn @ of]hgf kl/kSj eO{ !# dfq ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . o:tf of]hgfx?n] OsfO{ laqmLaf6 ;+sng u/]sf] k"FhLnfO{ of]hgfsf] p2]Zo cg'?k ;"rLs[t ;fwf/0f z]o/x?df nufgL ug]{, d'2tL vftfdf lgIf]k ug]{, ;/sf/L tyf ;+:yfut C0fkqdf nufgL u/L kl/rfng ub{5g\ . of]hgf ;+rfngaf6 k|fKt d'gfkmfnfO{ nfef+zsf] ?kdf OsfO{wgLx?nfO{ ljt/0f . ub{5g\ o;sf ljz]iftfx? tn aS;df lbOPsf] 5 .

v'nfd'vL of]hgfsf] laz]iftfx? M

aGbd'vL of]hgf h:tf] v'nfd'vL of]hgf :6s PS;r]~hdf ;"rLs/0f gx'g] / lwtf]kq bnfndfkm{t sf/f]jf/ gx'g] .

of]hgfsf] v'b ;DklQ d"No (Net Asset Value) sf] cfwf/df of]hgf Joj:yfksn] g} of]hgfsf] OsfO{sf] vl/b laqmL ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] x'Fbf nufgLstf{x?n] rfx]sf] avt ;xh} OsfO{ vl/b laqmL ug{ ;Sg] .

v'nfd'vL of]hgf lglZrt cjlwdf kl/kSj x'g] geO{ lg/Gt/ ;+rfngdf /xg] .

nufgLstf{x?n] O{sfO vl/b ubf{ s'g} z'Ns (Entry Load) gnfUg] .

aGbd'vL of]hgf h:t} v'nf d'vL of]hgfsf] k|lt OsfO{ d"No !) ?k}ofF x'g] / Go"gtd !))) ?k}ofF ;Dddf OsfO{ vl/b ug{ ;lsg] .

nufgLstf{x?sf] dfu cg';f/ of]hgfsf] cfsf/ a[l4 ug{ ;lsg] / gofF of]hgf ;d]t Nofpg ;lsg] .

v'nfd'vL of]hgfsf] k|j]z;Fu} nufgLstf{x?nfO{ nufgLsf nflu gofF ljQLo cf}hf/ pknAw x'g] / o;af6 nufgLstf{x?n] nufgL ljljwLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] / xfn cGo v'nfd'vL of]hgf ;d]t cfpg] qmddf /x]sf]]]df o;af6 ahf/sf]

bfo/f km/flsnf] x'g ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .

Do'r'on km08sf] ;"rsf+s u0fgfsf] ;'?jftj}zfv @(, @)&^M kl5Nnf] ;do lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df Do'r'on km08sf] ;xeflutf a9\b} uPsf] kl/k|]Iodf o; ;d"xsf] sf/f]af/ d"Nosf] jf:tljs cj:yfsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu 5'§} ;"rsf+ssf] ljsf; ug{ af]8{n] ldlt @)&% >fj0f @& df g]K;]nfO{ lbPsf] lgb]{zfg';f/ g]kfn :6s PS;r]~hn] oxL ldlt @)&^ j}zfv @( b]lv Do'r'on km08sf] gofF kl/;"rssf] u0fgf z''?jft u/]sf] 5 . o; ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/ ljGb' !) c+ssf] x'g] ePsf] 5 . o;;Fu} lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df u0fgf x'g] ;"rsf+sx?sf] ;+Vof !! k'u]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;d"xut ;"rsf+sx?sf] u0fgfsf] ;'?jft cfly{s jif{ @)%%.%^ af6 g} ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . g]K;]n] @)^# ;fndf ;]lG;l6e ;"rsf+s / @)^% ;fndf km\nf]6 ;"rsf+s / ;]lG;l6e km\nf]6 ;"rsf+s u0fgfsf] ;"?jft u/]sf] lyof] .

8

lwtf]kq ahf/sf] l:yltrfn' cf= j= @)&%.&^ sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf g]kfnsf] lwtf]kq ahf/df ePsf] pNn]Vo ;'wf/n] ubf{ ahf/df ;du|df s]lx ;'wf/f]Gd'v b]lvPsf] 5 . b'j} ahf/sf s]lx kl/;'rsdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . o; cf=j= sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf lwtf]kqsf] k|fylds ahf/ / bf];|f] ahf/sf] ;dLIff b]xfo c'g;f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

rfn' cf=j= sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf lwtf]kq k|fylds ahf/sf] l:yltrfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&%.&^ sf] k|yd bz dlxgf cyf{t @)&^ j}zfv d;fGt;Dd lwtf]kqsf] k|fylds ahf/df ;fwf/0f

z]o/sf] k|fylds lgisfzg / C0fkq lgisfzgdf pNn]vgLo j[l4 cfPsf] 5 . oBlk ut jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf xsk|b lgisfzgdf sdL cfPsf sf/0f s'n ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ;+Vof / /sddf eg] s]xL sdL cfPsf] 5 .

;dLIff cjlwdf af]8{n] s'n $( ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ s'n ?= #!=$^ ca{ a/fa/sf] k"FhL kl/rfngsf nflu cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 h'g ut jif{sf] ;f]xL ;dofjlwsf] t'ngfdf qmdzM @%=* k|ltzt / !#=# k|ltztn] sd xf] . ;dLIff cjlwdf ;a}eGbf a9L k"FhL kl/rfng C0fkq lgisfzgdfkm{t\ ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; cjlwdf af]8{n] cf7 jfl0fHo a}+sx?nfO{ s'n ?= !&=%* ca{ a/fa/sf] C0f k"FhL ;+sngsf nflu C0fkq lgisfzgsf] cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 h'g s'n k"FhL kl/rfngsf] sl/a %^ k|ltzt xf] .

o:t} af]8{n] s'n @% ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'n ?= &=@$ ca{ a/fa/sf] :jfldTj k"FhL ;+sngsf nflu ;fwf/0f z]o/ lgisfzg cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 h'g ut jif{sf] ;f]xL ;dofjlwsf] t'ngfdf sl/a !$) k|ltztn] a9L xf] . o; cjlwdf af]8{n] tLg ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]ifnfO{ s'n ?= @=& ca{ a/fa/sf] ;fd"lxs nufgL of]hgf lgisfzgsf nflu cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 h;df af]8{n] klxnf]k6s v'nf d'vL of]hgf ;~rfngsf nflu ;d]t cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ljut tLg cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd bz dlxgfsf] k|fylds ahf/sf] cj:yf qmdzM tflnsf ! tyf rf6{ ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf ! lwtf]kqsf] k|fylds ahf/ -k|yd bz dlxgfdf cfwfl/t_

qm; ljj/0f

cfly{s jif{ kl/jt{g k|ltzt

2073/74 2074/75 2075/76 ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df /sdsf] cfwf/df

;+Vof /sd ;+Vof /sd ;+Vof /sd 2074/75 2075/76 2074/75 2075/76

1 k|fylds lgisfzg 14 1.2 13 3.0 25 7.24 -7.14 92.31 151.67 139.74

2 xsk|b lgisfzg 58 37.5 45 22.8 13 3.94 -22.41 -71.11 -39.25 -82.70

3 yk lgisfzg 3 7.8 3 2.7 - - 0.00 - -65.68 -

4 C0fkq - - 1 3.0 8 17.58 - 700.00 - 486.00

5 Do'r'cn km08 4 4.3 4 4.8 3 2.7 0.00 -25.00 12.94 -43.75

hDdf 79 50.73 66 36.27 49 31.46 -16.46 -25.76 -28.50 -13.26

1.2

37.5

7.8

0.04.33.0

22.8

2.7 3.0 4.87.24

3.940.0

17.58

2.7

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

k|fylds lgisfzg xsk|b lgisfzg yk lgisfzg C0fkq Do'r'cn km08

rf6{ !M ljut tLg cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf k|fylds ahf/sf] k|j[lt

2073/74 2074/75 2075/76

rfn' cf=j= sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf lwtf]kq bf];|f] ahf/sf] l:yltrfn' cf=j= sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/sf] l:ylt ldl>t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm cjlwdf g]K;] ;"rsf+s,

sf/f]af/ /sd tyf ;+Vofdf s]xL ;+s'rg cfPsf] b]lvPtfklg ;"rLs[t sDkgLsf] ;+Vof, ;"rLs[t lwtf]kqsf] ;+Vof, ahf/ k"FhLs/0fh:tf

9

;"rsf+ssf cfwf/df s]xL a9f]Q/L cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;dLIff cjlwdf lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/df k"0f{ :jrflnt cgnfOg sf/f]af/ k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjog, lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLdfkm{t\ dflh{g sf/f]af/sf] Joj:yf h:tf sf/0fx¿af6 ahf/df gofF cfofd ylkPsf] 5 .

ut cf=j= sf] k|yd bz dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ;"rLs[t sDkgLsf] ;+Vof !(^ /x]sf]df rfn' cf= j= sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ;f] ;+Vofdf ̂ =^ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ @)( k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ut cf=j= sf] j}zfv dlxgfsf] cGTodf !##*=!& laGb' /x]sf] g]K;] ;"rsf+sdf !=& k|ltztn] ;LdfGt x|f; cfO{ rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] ;f]xL ;dofjlwsf] cGTodf !#!%=$% laGb'df /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cjlwdf (^=%$ laGb'df /x]sf] g]K;] ˆnf]6 ;"rsf+s )=! k|ltztsf] ;LdfGt x|f; eO{{ rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] j}zfv d;fGtdf (^=$# laGb'df /x]sf] 5 . ut cf=j= sf] j}zfv d;fGtdf s'n ahf/ k"FhLs/0f ?= !%&)=@& ca{ /x]sf]df rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] ;f]xL dlxgfsf] cGTodf ahf/ k"FhLs/0f rf/ k|ltztn] j[l4 cfO{ ?= !^#@=&% ca{ k'u]sf] 5 . ljut tLg cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd bz dlxgfsf] lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/sf] l:ylt tflnsf @ tyf g]K;] ;"rsf+s tyf km\nf]6 ;"rsf+ssf] l:ylt rf6{ @ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf @ lwtf]kqsf]] bf];|f] ahf/ -k|yd bz dlxgfdf cfwfl/t_

qm=;= ljj/0f OsfO{cfly{s jif{ kl/jt{g k|ltzt

2073/74 2074/75 2075/76 2074/75 2075/76

1 ;"rLst sDkgLsf] ;+Vof ;+Vof 210 196 209 -6.7 6.6

2 ;"rLs[t lwtf]kqsf] ;+Vof ;+Vof s/f]8df 282.66 348.64 414.79 23.3 19.0

3 lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/ ?= ca{df 178.93 107.19 82.83 -40.1 -22.7

4 sf/f]af/ lbg lbgdf 189 188 203 -0.5 8.0

5 cf};t b}lgs sf/f]af/ /sd ?= s/f]8df 94.67 57.01 40.80 -39.8 -28.4

6 sf/f]af/ ePsf] s'n z]o/ ;+Vof ;+Vof s/f]8df 33.68 25.39 28.78 -24.6 13.4

7 sf/f]af/ ;+Vof ;+Vof 1,116,579 1,126,122 1,080,524 0.9 -4.0

8 ;"rLs[t lwtf]kqsf] ahf/ k"FhLs/0f ?=ca{df 1,925.65 1,570.27 1,632.75 -18.5 4.0

9 km\nf]6 ahf/ k"FhLs/0f ?=ca{df 665.62 529.93 571.66 -20.38 7.87

10 ahf/ k"FhLs/0fdf sf/f]af/sf] k|ltzt k|ltztdf 11.2 8.2 6.1 -26.5 -25.7

11km\nf]6 ahf/ k"FhLs/0fdf sf/f]af/sf] k|ltzt

k|ltztdf 32.27 24.27 17.39 24.76 -28.35

12 g]K;] ;"rsf+s ljGb'df 1658.58 1338.17 1315.45 -19.3 -1.7

13 g]K;] ;]lG;l6e ;"rsf+s ljGb'df 353.79 282.18 279.74 -20.2 -0.9

14 g]K;] km\nf]6 ;"rsf+s ljGb'df 122.78 96.54 96.43 -21.4 -0.1

1658.58

1338.17 1315.45

122.78 96.54 96.43

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2073/74 2074/75 2075/76

rf6{ @M g]K;] tyf g]K;] km\nf]6 ;"rsf+ssf] k|j[lt-k|yd bz dlxgfdf cfwfl/t_

g]K;] ;"rsf+s g]K;] km\nf]6 ;"rsf+s

10

cfly{s jif{ @)&%.&^ sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf lwtf]kq ahf/ ;xefuLsf] l:ylt xfn}sf jif{x?df lwtf]kq ;DaGwL ljleGg k|sf/sf] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lwtf]kq ahf/ ;xefuLsf] ;+Vof lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf]

b]lvG5 . o; qmddf ;"rLs[t sDkgLsf] ;+Vof ;d]t jl4 eO{ @)( k'u]sf] 5 eg] dr]{G6 a}+s/, lgIf]k ;b:osf] cg'dlt lng] ;+:yfsf] ;+Vofdf ;d]t j[l4 b]lvPsf] 5 . o;;Fu} rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd bz dlxgfdf lwtf]kq ahf/df ahf/ ;xefuLsf] ;Vof $#( k'u]sf] 5 . ;dLIff cjlwdf lwtf]kq ahf/ ;xefuLsf] ;+VofTds cj:yfnfO{ tflnsf # df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf #lwtf]kq ahf/df ahf/ ;xefuLsf] ;+VofTds cj:yf

qm=;= ahf/ ;xefuLcfly{s jif{

2072/73 2073/74 2074/75 2075/76 j}zfv1 :6s PS;r]Gh 1 1 1 1

2 s]Gb|Lo lgIf]k sDkgL 1 1 1 1

3 ;"rLs[t sDkgL 229 212 196 209

4 lwtf]kq bnfn 50 50 50 50

5 dr]{G6 a}+s/ 17 24 25 30

6 lgIf]k ;b:o 66 67 70 72

7 cf:jf ;xefuL - 52 65 63

8 ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if 6 9 11 11

9 qm]l86 /]l6Ë Ph]G;L -zfv d'NofÍg_ 1 1 2 2

hDdf 371 417 421 439

5nkmn÷cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdaf]8{ tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzgåf/f ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]lht cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd .

df3 @%, @)&%M af]8{ tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzgåf/f ldlt @)&% df3 @% df ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]lht lwtf]kq ahf/, lgodg tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf / cbfntL cEof; ljifos cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd k"j{ GofofwLz tyf clwjQmf;lxt sl/a !@) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf cWoIf jl/i7 clwjQmf >L vu]Gb| k|;fb clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;~rflnt pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf dfggLo GofofwLz >L clgn s'df/ l;Gxfn] ljutsf] k|fylds ahf/df ef]u]sf sl7gfOx?sf] :d/0f ub}{ kl5Nnf] ;dodf g]kfnsf] lwtf]kq ahf/n] Ps km8\sf] df/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] o; ahf/sf] cfsf/, If]q tyf bfo/f lj:tf/ ePsf sf/0f sfg"g Joj;foLsf nflu Ps dxTjk"0f{ ljifo ePsf] atfpFb} o; If]q;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg k|sf/sf d'2f, dfldnf cfpg ;Sg] ePsfn] sfg"g Joj;foLx?n] cWoog tyf cg'ejsf cfwf/df o; ahf/k|lt cfkm\gf] 1fg lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] o; k|sf/sf] cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ljz]if /xg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . pxfFn] lwtf]kq ahf/sf ;fy} j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ klg gofF k|s[ltsf] ljifo ePsfn] o;df nufgL u/L k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ 1fg tyf sf}zntf (Knowledge and Skill) b'j} cfjZos x'g] x'Fbf o; af/]df ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ k|lzlIft ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] lwtf]kq ahf/ s]jn nufgL / k|ltkmnsf] ljifo dfq geO{ b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] ;+jfxs ePsf] wf/0ff ;d]t /fVg'eof] .

af]8{ tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/ P;f]l;Pzgn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] Ps emns

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sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfb}{ sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly tyf af]8{sf cWoIf 8f= /]jt axfb'/ sfsL{n] cy{tGqdf k"FhL kl/rfngsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ k"FhL ahf/ ljsl;t b]zx?df dxTjk"0f{ ;+oGqsf] ?kdf /x]sf]df g]kfndf klg o; ahf/sf] bfo/f lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf] egfO{ /fVg'eof] . pxfFn] a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf, hnljB't sDkgL, aLdf, xf]6n nufot cGo jf:tljs If]qsf sDkgLx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] g]kfnsf] k"FhL ahf/ kl5Nnf] ;do ;+/rgfTds ;'wf/sf] qmdaf6 cufl8 a9]sf] ;d]t atfpFg'eof] . pxfFn] k|fylds ahf/ b]zJofkL ePsf] tyf bf];|f] ahf/ qmdzM b]zJofkL x'Fb} uPsf] ;Gbe{df ahf/ ;xefuLsf] Joj;flos Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{ k/:k/df aflemPsf sfg"gx? ldnfpg], 6«i6 P]g tyf Do'r'cn km08;DaGwL P]gsf] th'{df, ljBdfg P]g lgodx?nfO{ ;do;fk]If agfpg] / ahf/ ultljlw tyf ;]jfx?nfO{ pRr k|ljlwo'Qm agfO{ :t/Lo Pj+ ljZj;gLo lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ ePsf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly >L l;Gxfn] k|fljlws ;qdf rf/ j6f k|:t'lt /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L lg/h lu/Ln] lwtf]kq ahf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf / ;'wf/ tyf af]8{sf pk sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L d'lQmgfy >]i7n] lwtf]kq ahf/df /x]sf sfg"gL Joj:yfsf af/]df k|:t'tLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] g]kfn :6s PS;r]~h ln= sf sf=d'= k|aGws >L lg/~hg km'Fofnn] lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/ ljifodf / clwjQmf >L lzj k|;fb l/hfnn] lwtf]kq af]8{;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfx? / cbfntL cEof;sf af/]df k|:t'lts/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] g]K;]sf] pQf/r9fj, ;ls{6 a|]s/, gofF sf/f]af/ k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ ePsf] dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zLsf] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ sf/f]af/ /2, bf];|f] ahf/ d"Nodf ePsf] lg/Gt/ lu/fj6, nufgLstf{sf] xs lxt ;+/If0f, hnljB't sDkgLsf] z]o/ :jfldTjsf] lglZrt ;do;Ldf tyf lgodg nufotsf ljifox?df p7fPsf lh1f;fx?sf] ;Daf]wg ;DalGwt sfo{kq k|:tf]tf / af]8{ cWoIf 8f= sfsL{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVb} sfo{qmdsf cWoIf >L clwsf/Ln] af]8{ / sfg"g Joj;foLaLr ePsf] o; k|sf/sf] ;+jfbn] sfg"gL Joj;foLsf] e"ldsf a9]sf] ;fy} yk lhDd]jf/ agfPsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] sfg"g k|jnLs/0fdf af]8{sf] ;d]t e"ldsf /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] atfpFb} lwtf]kq ahf/df eP u/]sf sfg"gL cEof;nfO yk ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf kf/bzL{ cbfntL k|lqmofsf nflu sfg"g Joj;foL yk ;lqmo eO{ dfu{lgb]{zs x'g ;Sg' kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf pkfWoIf clwjQmf >L /fh' v8\sfn] :jfut dGtJo lbg'ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L kl/i6 gfy kf}8\ofnn] wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;jf]{Rr cbfnt af/ Pzf]l;P;gsf ;lrj clwjQmf >L z'eg /fh cfrfo{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

lwtf]kq ahf/df :yfoL n]vf gDa/ -Kofg_ sf] Joj:yf ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmdkmfu'g !#, @)&%M af]8{n] cfh ldlt @)&% kmfu'g !# df lwtf]kq ahf/df :yfoL n]vf gDa/ -Kofg_ sf] Joj:yf ljifos cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nosf k|d'v s/ clws[t, g]K;], l;l8P;;L, dr]{G6 a}+s/ Pzf]l;P;g, :6s a|f]s/ Pzf]l;P;gsf ;fy} ljleGg nufgLstf{ ;+3;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;j{;fwf/0f nufgLstf{x?;lxt sl/a &) hgfsf] pkl:yltdf /xsf]] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cf=j= @)&%.&^ sf] ah]6 sfof{Gjog of]hgf cGtu{t lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/dfkm{t z]o/ vl/b ubf{ vl/bstf{n] clgjfo{ ¿kdf :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnPsf] k|df0f k]z ug{'kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwdf af]8{åf/f cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, alQ;k'tnLsf k|d'v s/ clws[t >L 6+sgfy kf}8]nn] Kofg ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf, Kofg lng] k|lqmof tyf cfjZos sfuhft / of] lnFbfsf kmfObf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfn O{Ge]i6;{ kmf]/d, z]o/ nufgLstf{ ;+3, g]kfn k"FhL ahf/ nufgLstf{ ;+3, g]kfn k"FhL ahf/ ;+3 / z]o/ nufgLstf{ bafa ;d"x u/L nufgLstf{sf kfFr-%_ j6f ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf kfFr} ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] nufgLstf{ Kofgsf] lj/f]wL g/x]sf] wf/0ff /fVb} k"FhLut nfe s/ clGtd s/ xf] ls xf]Og, cl3Nnf] jif{sf] jflif{s sf/f]af/df ePsf] 3f6fnfO{ gfkmfdf ;dfof]hg u/L s/ lgwf{/0f x'g], xfn z]o/ vl/bstf{nfO{ dfq} Kofg clgjfo{ ul/Psf]df z]o/ laqmLstf{nfO{ ;f] Joj:yf gePsf] ;DaGwdf, gfafns tyf ljb]zdf /xg] g]kfnL nufgLstf{n] Kofg lng] ;DaGwdf, Kofg :jt :km"t{ ?kdf lng] jftfj/0f / Kofg lngsf nflu b]ze/ ;xh ?kdf cfjZos k"jf{wf/ g/x]sf] h:tf lh1f;f /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} ;a} nufgLstf{sf ;+:yf kbflwsf/Ln] nufgLstf{sf] :t/, b]zsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf ;fy} cGo Jojxfl/s kIfx?nfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ u/L Kofg @)&^ j}zfv ! b]lv clgjfo{ ?kdf nfu" gu/L P]lR5s ?kdf lng] Joj:yf u/L r/0fa4 ?kdf nfu" ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L sfo{qmddf lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLsf] tkm{af6 xfn} ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] sf/f]af/ k|0ffnL tyf l;l8P;;Lsf] k|0ffnLdf ;d]t Kofg O{G6«L ug]{ Joj:yf g/x]sf] eGb} o;df k|fljlws ;d:of ;d]t /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf nufgLstf{x?sf tkm{af6 /flvPsf s]xL lh1fzfx?sf] ;Daf]wg cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nosf k|d'v s/ clws[t >L kf}8]n tyf pkl:yt cGo s/ clws[tx?n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . af]8{sf cWoIf 8f= /]jt axfb'/ sfsL{n] o; sfo{qmdaf6 ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?nfO{ :yfoL n]vf gDa/sf ;DaGwdf /x]sf ;d:of tyf Jojxfl/s kIfsf] hfgsf/L ePsf] atfpg' eof] . ;fy} pxfFn] z]o/ ahf/df Kofg nfu" ug]{ ljifo k|fljlws ljifo ;d]t ePsf]n] o;sf Jojxfl/s kIf / ahf/sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbO{ ;Dk"0f{ kIf

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cl3 a9\g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb} sfo{qmddf nufgLstf{x?sf] tkm{af6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf /flvPsf ljrf/x? ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? ;dIf /fvL cfjZos ;xhLs/0fsf nflu af]8{ tof/ /x]sf] ;d]t atfpg'eof] . af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L lg/h lu/Ln] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L kl/i6gfy kf}8]nn] wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

:yfoL n]vf g= ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lbg] p4]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL nufgLstf{x?

lwtf]kq ahf/;DaGwL nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd

k|b]z g= @ sf] l;/fx / nxfgdf lwtf]kq ahf/ ;DjGwL nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg .!= nxfg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3df sfo{qmdM af]8{ tyf nxfg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf @)&% kmfu'g @$ ut] k|b]z

g= @ sf] l;/fxf lhNnfsf] nxfgdf k"FhL ahf/ ;DaGwL nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd :yfgLo pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, ljBfyL{x?, nufgLstf{x?, ;/sf/L lgsfosf kbflwsf/L, Joj;foL, kqsf/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f u/L sl/a !)) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . nxfg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf dxf;lra nug nfnn] ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf af]8{sf ;xfos lgb]{zs >L tf]nfsfGt Gof}kfg]n]] lwtf]kq ahf/ tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/sf ljljw cfofdx? ;DaGwdf sfo{kq k|:t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

nxfg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf >L czf]s cdfTosf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly af]8{sf cWoIf 8f= /]jt axfb'/ sfsL{n] 5l/P/ /x]sf] k"FhLnfO{ Pslqt u/L kl/rfng ug{ ;lsPdf b]z ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]uL x'g'sf ;fy} ;dodf of] ahf/nfO{ a'emL nufgL;DaGwL lg0f{o lng'kg]{ ;d]t ljrf/ /fVg'eof] . ;fy} 8f= sfsL{n] b]z /fhg}lts l:y/tftkm{ uPsf]n] casf] k|fyldstf cfly{s ljsf;sf] /x]sf] / ;f]sf nflu k"FhL ahf/sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] x'Fbf nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]8 lbO{ t/fO{ dw]zsf lhNnfx?df ;d]t o:tf] ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . To;}u/L cfkm\gf] If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] k"FhL kl/rfng ug{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/L :yfgLo :t/sf] C0fkq lgsfNg ;lsg] ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf nxfg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf k"j{ cWoIf >L czf]s cu|jfnn]] af]8{ o;/L :yfgLo txdf cfpg' :jfut of]Uo sbd ePsf] s'/f atfpFb} o; sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] g]kfnsf] ljQLo k|0ffnL tyf ;]o/ ahf/sf] af/]df 1fg k|fKt u/]sf] dGtJo /fVg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf] cGt/lqmofdf ;xefuL nufgLstf{x?n] cfkm'x?n] k|fylds ahf/af6 ;xh} ?kdf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]klg ;f] z]o/ laqmL ug{ ;xh gePsf] x'bfF af]8{n] bf];|f] ahf/sf] lj:tf/df hf]8 lbg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf nufgLstf{x?sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbb} cWoIf 8f= sfsL{n] nufgLstf{ tyf o; If]qsf Joj;foLsf] dfu ePsf] v08df l5§} lwtf]kq bnfnsf] zfvf vf]Ng cg'dlt k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

@= nxfgsf sn]hdf sfo{qmdM g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{sf] cfof]hgfdf nxfgs} h] P; d'/f/sf ax'd'vL SofDk; tyf Pe/]i6 sn]hdf 5'§f5'§} sfo{qmddf laBfyL{;Fu lwtf]kq af]8{ sfo{qmddf k|fWofks, lzIfs tyf laBfyL{ u/L sl/a #)) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmddf k|:t'tLsf] ;fy} k|Zgf]Q/ sfo{qmd ;d]t ePsf] lyof] .

#= wg'iffsf] hgsk'/wfddf sfo{qmdM g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{ tyf hgsk'/wfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf oxL kmfu'g @% ut] k|b]z g= @ sf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/wfddf k"FhL ahf/ ;DaGwL nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd :yfgLo pBf]uL,

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Jofkf/L, /fhg}lts JolQmTj, ljBfyL{x?, nufgLstf{x?, ;/sf/L lgsfosf kbflwsf/L, :yflgo lgsfosf ;b:ox?, Joj;foL, kqsf/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f u/L sl/a !%) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . af]8{sf ;xfos lgb]{zs >L tf]nf sfGt Gof}kfg]n] g]kfnsf] k"FhL ahf/ ;DaGwL Ps emns laifodf sfo{kq k|:t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf hgsk'/wfd pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf k"j{ cWoIf >L lgd{n s'df/ rf}w/Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, wg'iffsf ;+of]hs >L /fdb]j ofbjn] ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ ;du|df lxt x'g] u/L z]o/ ahf/sf] lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ tyf lrgL pBf]usf] pbfx/0f lbb} pBf]uL Jofkf/Ln] klg hgtfnfO{ lxt x'g] ul/ nufgL ug{ cg'/f]w ug'{eof] .

sfo{qmddf af]8{sf cWoIf 8f= sfsL{n] af]8{ k"FhL ahf/nfO{ b]zJofkL agfpgsf nflu nflu k/]sf] tyf k|b]z g+= @ sf] jL/u+hdf dfq s]lGb|t /x]sf] lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f] ahf/nfO{ l5§} k|b]z g+= @ sf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/df a|f]s/sf] zfvf sfof{no dfkm{t bf];|f] ahf/sf] sf/f]af/ u/fpg] / k|b]z :t/Lo af]8{sf] sfof{no qmdz :yfkgf ub}{ hfg] af]8{sf] gLlt /x]sf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ug'{eof] . ;fy} af]8{n] lg/Gt/ ?kdf o; lsl;dsf nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ b]zsf] cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf nflu cfjZos x'g] k"FhL kl/rfngdf k|b]z g+= @ sf nufgLstf{sf] ;d]t e"ldsf /xg] egfO{ /fVg'eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf cy{zfqL 8f= ;'/]Gb| nfe, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 wg'iffsf cWoIf >L lbk]Gb| zfx, k"FhL ahf/ nufgLstf{ ;+3 k|b]z g+=@ sf ;+of]hs ;/f]h pk|]tL nufotn] o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdn] k|b]z g+=@ sf hgtfnfO{ z]o/ ahf/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf]n] ;f]sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] dfu ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] af]8{sf sf=d'= ;xfos lgb]{zs >L /fh' axfb'/ lh=l;=n] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

$= laBfyL{;Fu lwtf]kq af]8{M af]8{sf] cfof]hgfdf h] P; d'/f/sf ax'd'vL SofDk; nxfg, l;/fx tyf Pe/]i6 sn]h, nxfg, l;/fxdf ldlt @)&% kmfu'g @^ ut] laBfyL{;Fu lwtf]kq af]8{ sfo{qmddf k|fWofks, lzIfs tyf laBfyL{ u/L sl/a #)) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

World Bank Group cGt{utsf] International Finance Corporation, IFC ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd .

af]8{n] lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] pkTosf aflx/ nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zo cg'?k ljZj a}+s ;d"xsf] cGt/f{li6«o ljQ lgud (International Finance Corporation, IFC) sf] ;xsfo{df ;f]n'v'Da' / /;'jfu9L u/L b'O{ :yfgdf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .

af]8{ tyf World Bank Group cGt{utsf] International Finance Corporatation ;+usf] ;xsfo{df ldlt @)&%.!@.!^ ut] ;f]n'v'Da'sf] ;Nn]/Ldf, ufpFkflnsf :yfgLo hgk|ltlgwLx?, hnljB't kl/of]hgfsf sd{rf/Lx?, Joj;foL, nufgLstf{, ljwfyL{, kqsf/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f ;d]t u/L sl/j &% hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;efxndf nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

af]8{ tyf IFC åf/f ;+o'Qm?kdf cfof]lht lwtf]]kq ahf/ ;DaGwL nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf k|lzIf0f lbg'x'b} af]8{sf lgb]{zs >L t]h k|;fb b]jsf]6f .

;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf kfFrj6f hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0fqmddf /x]sfn] ox+fFsf] :yfgLox?df z]o/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t kIfsf] hfgsf/L /x]sf] kfO{of] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] jftfj/0fLo kl/jt{gsf sf/0fn] vf]nfx? ;'Sg hfg] / hnljB't kl/of]hgf bL3{sfndf

14

hf]lvdk"0f{ aGg] cj:yf /x]sf]df ;f]sf] hf]lvd ;DaGwdf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg{], kl5Nnf] ;do cfof]hgf k|efljt /

:yfgLonfO{ 5'§ofOPsf] z]o/ ljqmL x'g 5f8]sf], ;"rgfdf :yfgLosf] kx"Fr k'Ug g;s]sf], hnljB't kl/of]hgfn] vr{ lgoGq0f gu/L

To;sf] ef/ kl/of]hgfdf kbf{ k|ltkmn sd x'g] tkm{ lgofds Pj+ ;/sf/sf] Wofg hfg'kg{] nufotsf ljifo p7fpg'sf ;fy} bf];|f] ahf/sf]

sf/f]af/, /]l6Ë, l8Dof6 vftf, hnljB't kl/of]hgfn] lbg] :yfgLo z]o/sf] nsO{g lkl/o8 a9L ePsf] ;DaGwdf tyf kl/of]hgfx?n]

:yfgLonfO{ lbg] z]o/sf] k|ltzt s;/L lgwf{/0f x'G5 eGg] lh1f;f /fv]sf lyP .

;fy} ;f]n'v'Da' tyf cf;kf;sf If]qdf ;d]t o; lsl;dsf] nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{ lgoldt ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ cg'/f]w

u/]sf lyP . pQm sfo{qmddf af]8{sf lgb]{zs t]hk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] g]kfnsf] ljQLo k|0ffnL, lwtf]kq af]8{sf] sfd st{Jo clwsf/,

lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg, k|efljt If]qsf jfl;Gbfsf nflu z]o/ las|L ljt/0f ;DalGw sfg"gL k|fjwfg, lwtf]kq ahf/df

nufgL ubf{ Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ laifox? tyf z]o/xf]N8/x?sf] xslxt /Iff ;DaGwL Aoj:yf ;lxtsf] k|:t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;fy}

IFC sf] xfO{8«f] P8efOh/L >L ;f]lkmof tdf]6n] :yfgLo z]o/ ;DaGwL IFC sf] cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/f+z k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{s|dsf] ;+rfng af]8{sf jl/i7 ;xfos ljlkg ;fksf]6fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;f]n'v'Da" / cf]vn9'+ufdf lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;DaGwL nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;DkGg

af]8{n] nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd b'u{d lhNnf;lxt b]ze/ ljleGg :yfgx?df ;+rfng ul//x]sf]df k|b]z g+= ! sf] !$

lhNnfdWo] !@ lhNnfdf o;cl3 g} pQm sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] / afsLF b'O{j6f lhNnfx? ;f]n'v'Da' / cf]vn9'+ufdf xfn;fn}

k"FhL ahf/ tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/;DaGwL nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf tyf cGt{lqmof sfo{qmd :yfgLo pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, ljBfyL{, nufgLstf{,

;/sf/L lgsfosf kbflwsf/L, Joj;foL, kqsf/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . b'j} sfo{qmddf af]8{sf lgb]{zs

>L ?k]z s]=;L=n]] ljQLo tyf k"FhL ahf/sf] dxTj, k"FhL ahf/ ;+oGq, sfg"gL ;+/rgf, lwtf]kqsf] k|fylds tyf bf];|f] ahf/, lwtf]kq

Joj;fo, nufgLstf{ xslxt ;+/If0f tyf j:t' ljlgdo ahf/sf] kl/ro / dxTj;DaGwL ljifox? ;d]l6 k"FhL ahf/sf kl/rofTds

tyf cfwf/e"t kIf ljifos sfo{kq k|:t'lt ug'{eof] . af]8{n] xfn;Dd &! lhNnfdf nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 .

s_ ;f]n'v'Da' sfo{qmdM ;f]n'v'Da" lhNnfsf] ;/bd'sfd ;Nn]/Ldf af]8{ tyf ;f]n'v'Da" pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf

;+rflnt ;r]tgf sfo{qmddf sl/a !%) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]n'v'Da" pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf >L ho k|;fb

/fO{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly ;f]n'v'Da" lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >L g/]Gb| s'df/ /fgf

du/n] af]8{n] k"FhL ahf/ ljsf; lj:tf/df b]vfPsf] cu|;/tfsf sf/0f b]ze/ k|fylds ahf/sf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] atfpb} bf];|f] ahf/

lj:tf/df klg ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf af]8{ cWoIf 8f= /]jt axfb'/ sfsL{n] k"FhL ahf/sf] dxTjnfO{ k|sfz kfb}{

o;sf] ljsf;n] b]z ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] atfpg'eof] . ;fy}, pxfFn] /fhgLlts l:y/tf eP;Fu} casf] k|fyldstf cfly{s

ljsf; ePsf]n] ;f]sf] nflu cfjZos k"FhL k|jfx ug]{ dfWodsf] ?kdf k"FhL ahf/sf] ljz]if e"ldsf /xg] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] k|fylds ahf/ k|j]z ug]{ dfWod tyf tl/sf, hnljB't afx]s k"FhL ahf/af6 ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf

jfl;Gbfn] kmfObf lng;Sg] ;Defljt If]q tyf bf];|f] ahf/sf] k|fljlws kIfx?sf ljifodf lh1f;f /fVb} af]8{af6 :jLs[lt glnO{

hnljB't sDkgLsf] z]o/ hf/L ePdf af]8{n] lgisfzgstf{nfO{ s8f sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{, :yfgLonfO{ z]o/ vl/b ug{ a9L k|fyldstf lbO{

u[x0fLx?n] ;d]t k"FhL ahf/af6 kmfObf lng;Sg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, ufpF ufpFdf k"FhL ahf/ tyf ljQLo ;fIf/tf cleofg ;+rfng ug'{kg]{

;'emfj lbg''ePsf] lyof] . ;xefuLaf6 /flvPsf] lh1f;fx?sf] ;+af]wg af]8{ cWoIf tyf sfo{kq k|:tf]tfn] ug'{eof] .

v_ cf]vn9'+uf sfo{qmdM cf]vn9'+uf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd cf]vn9'+ufdf af]8{ tyf cf]vn9'+uf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf

;+rflnt sfo{qmddf sl/a !@% hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . cf]v9+'uf pBf]u afl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf >L 1fg]Gb| s'df/ df:s]sf]

;efkltTjdf ;+rfng ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly cf]vn9'+uf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf cWoIf >L ho axfb'/ >]i7n] b]ze/

ljleGg lhNnfdf k"FhL ahf/;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ug'{ ;sf/fTds sfo{ ePsf] atfpFb} ca :yfgLo tx;Dd o:tf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf

x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . To:t} csf{ ljz]if cltly l;l4r/0f g=kf=sf d]o/ >L df]xg s'df/ >]i7n] ;/sf/n] /fv]sf] cfly{s ;Da[l4sf]

nIo k"/f ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ dfWodsf] ?kdf /x]sf] k"FhL ahf/;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmd /fHosf] k'g{;+/rgf;Fu} :yfgLo tx;Dd cfpg'

:jfutof]Uo /x]sf] atfpb} bf];|f] ahf/nfO{ klg b]zJofkL agfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly cf]vn9'+uf lhNnfsf

k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L >L u0f]z cfrfo{n] cem} klg s]xL 7fpFdf 9'+u|f]df k};f /fVg] rng /x]sf]n] k"FhL kl/rfngdf Paradigm Shift

ug{ nufgLstf{ ;r]tgf, k|lzIf0f tyf ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf af]8{ cWoIf 8f= /]jt

15

axfb'/ sfsL{n] k|fylds ahf/ b]zJofkL eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df cfly{s ultljlw, nufgLstf{sf] ;+Vof, bf];|f] ahf/df ljBdfg hf]lvd

nufotsf ljifonfO{ dWogh/ u/L b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf bf];|f] ahf/ kx'Fr k'of{Og] atfpb} k"FhL ahf/ ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L b]ze/

5l/P/ /x]sf] ;–;fgf k"FhL ;+sng ub}{ /fli6«o k"FhL lgdf{0f ug{ ;xh jftfj/0f agfpg af]8{ cu|;/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt tyf cf]vn9'+uf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf >L 1fg]Gb| s'df/ df:s]n] cf]vn9'+uf lhNnf l8Dof6

vftfsf] cfwf/df k|b]z g+= ! sf] df]/ª, emfkf, ;'g;/L / OnfdkZrft\ a9L l8Dof6 vftf -sl/a *,)))_ vf]lnPsf] lhNnf ePsf]

tyf pQm lhNnf ;f]n'v'Da", vf]6fª, pbok'/ / l;Gw'nLsf] pQ/L efusf nufgLstf{x?nfO{ ;d]t kfPs kg]{ x'gfn] cf]vn9'+ufdf

bf];|f] ahf/sf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg a|f]s/ sfof{no :yfkgf ePdf w/} nufgLstf{n] ;lhn} bf];|f] ahf/ ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] ;ls{6 a|]s/;DaGwL Joj:yf, cf:jf tyf ;L–cf:jf k|0ffnL, k"FhL ahf/ cy{tGqsf] P]gf x'g'sf] sf/0f,

bf];|f] ahf/ yk36sf sf/0f, dh{/ tyf PlSjlhzgsf sf/0f a}+s ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;]o/ sf/f]jf/df ljnDa x'Fbf kg]{ k|efj nufotsf

ljifodf lh1f;f /fVg'ePsf] lyof] eg] k|fylds ahf/sf] kx'Fr b]zJofkL eP;Fu} bf];|f] ahf/ ;]jf k|fKt ug{ nufgLstf{ OR5's ePsf]n]

cf]vn9'+ufdf tTsfn a|f]s/ sfof{no :yfkgf x'g'kg]{, ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ug]{ sDkgLn] ;]o/ lgisfzg ubf{ k|If]k0f u/]sf] ljQLo

ljj/0f / jf:tljs ljj/0fsf ljifodf af]8{n] x]g'{kg]{, dh{/ tyf PlSjlhzgsf sf/0fn] nfdf] ;do;Dd ;]o/ sf/f]jf/ x'g g;s]sf]n]

dh{/ tyf PlSjlhzgsf] sfo{ rf8} 6'+Uofpg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbg''ePsf] lyof] . ;xefuLaf6 /flvPsf] lh1f;fx?sf] ;+jf]wg af]8{ cWoIf tyf

sfo{kq k|:tf]tfn] ug'{eof] . sfo{qmdkZrft\ af]8{ cWoIf 8f=sfsL{ tyf ;f]n'v'Da" / cf]vn9'+ufdf /x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf

zfvf k|aGwsx?aLr cf:jf tyf lgIf]k ;]jf;DaGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . b'j} sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng af]8{sf sf=d'= ;xfos lgb]{zs

>L /fh' axfb'/ lh=;L=n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

af]8{ tyf cf]vn9'+uf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3åf/f ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfof]lht k"FhL ahf/ ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fVb} cf]vn9'+uf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf cWoIf >L ho axfb'/ >]i7Ho" .

k|b]z g= @ sf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/wfddf kqsf/x?sf] nflu klxnf] k|b]zut

cfly{s tyf lwtf]kq ahf/ ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f .

af]8{sf] cf=j= @)&%.&^ sf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf k|b]zx?df kqsf/x?nfO{ cfly{s tyf lwtf]kq ahf/ tyf j:t' ljlgdo

ahf/;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{ sfo{qmd /x] cg';f/ af]8{af6 oxL ldlt @)&^.)!.@* ut]sf lbg xfn} k|b]z g= @ sf]

/fhwfgL hgsk'/wfddf klxnf] k6s cfly{s tyf lwtf]kq ahf/;DaGwL tflnd÷k|lzIf0f tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

pQm sfo{qmddf k|b]z g+= @ sf sl/a *% hgf kqsf/x?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]] lyof] .

16

g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{sf cWoIf 8f= /]jt axfb'/ sfsL{Ho"sf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly k|b]z g= @ sf

dfggLo cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqL >L ljho s'df/ ofbjHo"n] o; k|b]zdf af]8{n] lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ z'?jft u/fPsf]df v';L

JoQm ub}{ o; k|b]zsf kqsf/Ho"x?nfO{ dxTj lbO{ k|b]zdf o:tf] klxnf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ePsf]df cfof]hsnfO{ ljz]if wGojfb

lbg'eof] . ;fy} k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfly{s ;+j[l4sf nflu o; If]qdf clfy{s ultljlwnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ cufl8 a9fO{/x]sf] ;Gb{edf

lwtf]kq ahf/af6 ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;d]t kmfO{bf k'Ug] jftfj/0f agfpg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

hgsk'/df k|b]z g= @ sf kqsf/x?nfO{ cfof]lht sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fVg'x'b} k|b]z g= @ sf dfggLo cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqL >L ljho s'df/ ofbjHo" .

sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltly k|b]z g= @ sf k|b]z;efsf ;b:o dfggLo >L /fd cflzif ofbjn] k"Jff{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu

cfjZos /xg] k"FhL cfjZostf k"FhL ahf/dfkm{t ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] ;f]tkm{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ egfO{ /fVg'eof] .

To;}u/L o; If]qsf nufgLstf{x?n] hgsk'/ af6 g} lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]] Joj:yf u/]sf]df af]8{nfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof]] .

To;}u/L sfo{qmddf g]kfn cfly{s kqsf/ ;dfh -;]hg_ sf cWoIf >L k'ik/fh cfrfo{n] af]8{n] df]km;ndf kqsfl/tf

ul//xg'ePsf kqsf/x?nfO{ nlIft u/L cfly{s tyf lwtf]kq ahf/ ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd z'?jft u/]sf]df ljz]if wGojfb lbb}+

;]hg af]8{;Fu xft]dfnf] ug{ tof/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfd hgdfg;nfO{ ;"rgf lbg] ljifo uDeL/ /x]sf]n] ljz]iftM cfly{s

ljifodf ;dfrf/ n]vgsf qmddf tYox?df cfwfl/t eO{ ;xL ;dfrf/ ;/n ?kn] n]Vg' kg]{ wf/0ff ;d]t /fVg'eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf

af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L k/Li6gfy kf}8\ofnn] ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut u/L sfo{qmd af/]df k|sfz kfb}{ af]8{sf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf

pkTosf aflx/ sfo{ ul//xg'ePsf kqsf/x?nfO{ cfly{s tyf lwtf]kq ahf/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] z'?jft u/]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

sfo{qmdsf ;efklt tyf af]8{ cWoIf 8f= sfsL{n] g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] kl/rofTds kIfsf] ;fy} cy{tGq / lwtf]kq ahf/

aLrsf] ;DaGwsf ljifodf / oL kIfx?nfO{ a'emg] tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ t/Lsf ;DaGwdf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] af]8{sf lgb]{zs

>L gf/fo0f k|;fb zdf{n] lwtf]kq ahf/, k|fylds ahf/, bf];|f] ahf/, lwtf]kq Joj;foL h:tf ljifosf kl/rofTds tyf cfwf/e"t

kIf;lxt lwtf]kq ahf/ ;DaGwL n]vgsf qmddf tYodf cfwfl/t, k"0f{, cflwsfl/s, ;/n, ;d;fdlos, ;Gt'lnt ?kdf n]vg ug'kg]{

;DaGwL sfo{kq k|:t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf lj1 cfly{s kqsf/ >L nf]s axfb'/ rfkfufO{n] kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodsf]

st{Jo / ug{ gx'g] sfd h:tf ljifox? ;d]l6Psf] df]km;ndf lwtf]kq ahf/ / ;dfrf/ ;+k|]if0f ljifos sfo{kq k|:t'lt /x]sf] lyof] .

17

k|b]zut ?kdf hgsk'/df klxnf]k6s cfof]lht cfly{s tyf lwtf]kq ahf/;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL hgsk'/ If]qsf kqsf/x? .

;f] kZrftsf] cGt/lqmofdf ;xefuL kqsf/n] z]o/ lgisfzgdf :yfgLo tyf ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljz]if ;'ljwf lsg

lbOPsf], ;"rLs[t sDkgLn] ;"rgf k|jfx ;dodf ug]{ gu/]sf], lghL sDkgLx?nfO{ z]o/ lgisfzg ;DaGwL Joj:yf, hnljw't sDkgLsf]

lgodg ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ / df]km;ndf lwtf]kq ahf/ lj:tf/ ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] lh1f;f /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf

p7]sf k|Zgx?sf] k|To'Q/ af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs kf}8\ofn / ;DalGwt sfo{kq k|:tf]tfn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf af]8{ cWoIf 8f= sfsL{n] af]8{n] o;cl3 ;j{;fwf/0f nufgLstf{ tyf :yfgLox?nfO{ dfq ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ub}+

cfPsf]df o; cf=j= b]lv df]km;ndf kqsfl/tf ug]{ kqsf/x?nfO{ ;d]t k|b]zut tflnd k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd k|b]z g= af6 z'?jft u/]sf]

wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . k|fylds ahf/df nufgLstf{n] g]kfnsf] s'gf s'gfaf6 ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|fKt ul/;s]sf] tyf lwtf]kqsf] bf];|f]

ahf/df ;d]t gofF k|0ffnL cfP kZrft z]o/ sf/f]af/ x'g ;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L of] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pNn]v ub}{

kqsf/x?n] cfly{s ;dfrf/ ;+k|]if0f ubf{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ ljifodf hf]8 lbg'eof] . af]8{sf sf=d'= ;xfos lgb]{zs >L /fh' axfb'/

lh=l;= n] pQm sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

n]v÷/rgf

qm]l86 /]l6Ësf] cjwf/0ff / dxTjk[i7e"ld ;fdfGoto qm]l86 /]l6Ë eGgfn] lgisfzgstf{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] C0f ltg{ ;Sg] IfdtfnfO{ ;f+s]lts ;"rssf] ?kdf qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yfn] lbPsf] /fonfO{ a'emfpFb5 . qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yfn] s'g} klg ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lwtf]kqx?sf] h:t} ;fwf/0f z]o/, cuf|lwsf/ z]o/, ;/sf/L tyf ;+:yfut C0fkq, cflbsf] lgisfzg ug{' eGbf cufl8 ;f] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;fvsf] u'0f:t/ d'NofÍsg ul/ ;f+s]lts ?kdf JoQm u/]sf] wf/0ffNffO{ qm]l86 /]l6Ë eGg] a'lemG5 . xfn g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{af6 qm]l86 lgodfjnL, @)^( adf]lhd qm]l86 /]l6Ë Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] nflu >L Oqmf g]kfn ln= / s]o/ /]l6Ë g]kfn ln= nfO{ cg'dlt k|bfg ul/ ljleGg ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] lwtf]kq lgisfzg ug{sf] nflu qm]l86 /]l6Ë k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ lta| ?kdf ul//x]sf] 5 . qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yfn] lwtf]kq lgisfzgstf{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] ljQLo cj:yf, Joj;flos tyf ljlQo hf]lvd,

18

Joj:yfkg kIf, ;'zf;gsf] cj:yf tyf efjL Joj;fo k|j{4gsf] ;+efjgf ;d]tsf] uxg ?kdf cWoog ul/ lwtf]kq cf}hf/sf] lsl;d x]/L km/s km/s lsl;dsf] ;f+s]lts /fo k|bfg ub{5 . h:t} ;fwf/0f z]o/sf] nflu IPO Grade 1 b]lv IPO Grade 5 ;Dd % lsl;dsf, kl/kSj cjlw Ps jif{eGbf a9L /x]sf C0fkqx?, ckl/at{gLo l8a]~r/x?sf] nflu LAAA b]lv LD ;Dd * lsl;dsf /]l6Ë :s]n k||bfg ul/G5 . h;n] nufgLstf{, lwtf]kq lgisfzgstf{ sDkgL, dWo:tstf{ -dr]{G6 a}Fs/ tyf cGo ahf/ dWo:ystf{_, lgodgsf/L lgsfo tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cfkmgf] p2]Zo / sfo{ adf]lhd lg0f{o lng ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

qm]l86 /]l6Ësf] dxTj

qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yfn] ahf/ ;xefuL kIfaf6 :jtGq /x]/ lgikIf /fo k|bfg ub{5 . pQm /fon] ;fgf tyf 7'nf ;+:yfut nufgLstf{x?nfO{ ahf/df pknAw ljleGg lwtf]kq cf}hf/x? dWo]af6 hf]lvd tyf k|ltkmnsf] cfwf/df nufgLsf] lg0f{o lngsf] nflu cTofjZos hfgsf/L k|bfg ub{5 . ljz]ift qm]l86 /]l6Ën] nufgLstf{x?nfO{ nufgLsf] lg0f{o lng, lgisfzgstf{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfkmgf] sDkgLsf] ljlQo tyf ;+:yfut z'\\zf;gsf] cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L lnO{ ;'wf/ ug{, dWo:ystf{nfO{ lk|ldoddf lwtf]kqsf] lgisfzg ubf{ lgisfzg d'No lgwf{/0f ug{ tyf lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ cfjZos gLlt lgoddf cßfjlws u/L nufgLstf{x?sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5 . lwtf]kq ahf/df ;xefuL ljleGg kIfx?nfO{ qm]l86 /]l6Ësf] dxTj lj:t[t ?kdf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M

s_ nufgLstf{ M

• hf]lvd tyf k|ltkmnsf] cfwf/df nufgLsf] lg0f{o lngnfO{ cTofjZos hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{ . • nufgLstf{x?nfO{ sDkgLsf] ljQLo tyf ;+:yfut z'zf;gsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbO{ nufgLsf] hf]lvd tyf k|ltkmnsf]

ljZn]if0f ug{ . • nufgLstf{x?nfO{ nufgLsf] ljZjfl;nf] jftfj/0f agfpg . • lgisfzgstf{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] af/]df nufgL;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg hfgsf/L lbO{ nufgLstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{ . • nufgLdf hf]lvd kQf nufO{ pRr k|ltkmnsf] nflu nufgLsf] ljljlws/0f ug{ . • lwtf]kqx?nfO{ /]l6Ë lbO{ t/ntf k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

v_ lgisfzgstf{ M

• sDkgL :jo+sf] ljQLo tyf ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lng . • ljQLo ;'zf;g nfO{ lbuf] u/L lgisfzg tyf cGo nfut sd ug{ . • k|rf/ k|;f/ sd ePsf /fd|f sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos k"FhL p7fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . • ahf/df sDkgLsf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ pkof]uL cfwf/dfgsf] ?kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .• qm]l86 /]l6Ë :t/dfg x]/L sDkgL :jo+ ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .• sDkgLn] qm]l86 /]l6Ë ul/;s]kl5 shf{ lngsf] nflu nfUg] ;do / nfut sd nfUg] . • /fd|f /]l6Ë ePsf] sDkgLsf] lgisflzt ;a} lwtf]kqx? ljqmL ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] .

u_ dWo:ystf{ M

• lgisfzg d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ .• lghL ljqmL tyf lwtf]kq ljlqmsf] nflu dfs]{l6Ë ug{ .• ;DklQ lwtf]kqLs/0f tyf ;+/lrt bfloTj ug{ . • /]l6Ën] PS:kf]h/ :t/ / hf]lvd ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{ ;xh agfpg] .

3_ lgodgsf/L lgsfo M

g]kfndf lwtf]kq ahf/ dfkm{t lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg ubf{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] clgjfo{ /]l6Ë u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pQm Joj:yfn] lwtf]kq nufgLstf{x?sf] lxt ;+/If0f ug]{ / /]l6Ë ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fPsf] k|ltj]bgn] ahf/nfO{ :jR5, kf/bzL{, tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg ;do ;fk]If gLlt lgdf{0f agfpg ;xof]u ub{5 tyf lwtf]kq ahf/nfO{ yk ;'zfl;t agfpg ;3fpF5 .

cGTodf,

b]z /fhgLlts :yfloTj kl5 ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf uO;s]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s :yfloTjsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s :yfloTj / lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;s/fTds ;DaGw x'G5 h;n] lwtf]kq ahf/sf] bfo/f a9fpgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;/L b]z gofF

19

;+3Lo ;+/rgf / cfly{s :yfloTjdf k|j]z u/];+u} tLg txsf] ;/sf/n] lwtf]kq ahf/ dfkm{t :yfgLo C0fkq ;j{;fwf/0fdf hf/L u/L b]z ljsf; lgdf{0fdf hgtfsf] k};f nufgL ug{ ;Sb5 . o:tf :yfgLo C0fkq lglZrt jif{sf] nflu lglZrt k|ltzt Jofhb/ lbg] ;t{ /fvL lgisfzg ul/Psf] x'G5 . h;n] hgtfnfO{ C0fkqdf nufgL ug{ / tLg} txsf] ;/sf/nfO{ hgtaf6 p7fsf] C0f hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu vr{ u/L b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df ;xof]u ub{5 . :yfgLo C0fkq hf/L ug{' eGbf cuf8L tLg} txsf] ;/sf/sf] /]l6Ë ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 h;n] qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yfsf] sfo{ If]q a9fFpb5 . qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yfn] tLg} tx ;/sf/sf] cfly{s z'zf;g, vr{ tyf cfosf] Joj:yfkg, cNksfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg of]hgf, ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ tyf cGo ljifo j:t'sf] lj:t[t cWoog u/L /]l6Ë k|bfg ub{5 . g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf tyf b]z af6 C0f tyf nufgL Nofpgsf] nflu @)&%.&^ sf] ah]6n] b]zsf] klg /]l6Ë ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} df}lb|s gLlt @)&%.&^ n] s'g}klg JolQm jf ;+:yfn] krf; s/f]8 jf ;f] eGbf a9L a}Fs tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnbf clgjfo{ /]l6Ë ug'{kg]{, lwtf]kq btf{ tyf lgisfzg lgodfjnL, @)&# adf]lhd cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] :yfgLo ?kF}ofdf C0fkq hf/L ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] / ;f] C0fkqsf] kgL /]l6Ë ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L b]zsf] /]l6Ë ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf, tLg} txsf] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo C0fkq hf/L ubf{ /]l6Ë ug'{kg]{], krf; s/f]8 jf ;f] eGbf a9Lsf] C0f lnbf /]l6Ë ug'{kg]{, tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] C0fkq hf/L ubf{ /]l6Ë ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfn] lwtf]kq ahf/ / qm]l86 /]l6Ë ;+:yf b'a}sf] bfo/f / dxTj lbgfg'lbg al9x]sf] 5 .

***

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OGb|} ljGtL u?g\ e'ms]/ kbdf, Tof] ljGtL dfGb}g Tof]Æ

o; af]8{sf sd{rf/L >L gj/fh kl08tHo"sf] cfb/0fLo lktf

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kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

hGdM lj=;== !((!.)@.@% :juf{/f]x0fM lj=;== @)&%.!@.!#

g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{ kl/jf/hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/ .

20

k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/8f= /]jt axfb'/ sfsL{

;Nnfxsf/

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g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/ .

k|lzIf0f, /]l8of] sfo{qmd tyf nufgLstf{;Fu k|ToIf /]l8of] ;+jfb / z]o/ cfj]bg;DaGwL ;"rgf .

af]8{sf] of] cfly{s jif{sf] :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ af]8{af6 b]xfocg';f/ lgMz'Ns ?kdf nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f, /]l8of] sfo{qmd / nufgLstf{;Fu k|ToIf /]l8of] ;+jfb sfo{qmd ;+rfng÷k|;f/0f eO{/x]sf] tyf z]o/ cfj]bg ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 M

!= af]8{sf] sfof{no hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/df k|To]s dlxgfsf] bf];|f] / clGtd z'qmaf/ lbgsf] @M)) ah] b]lv $M)) ah];Dd kflIfs?kdf nufgLstf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd .

-;xeflutfsf nflu af]8{sf] kmf]g g= )!–%%$!)%&, %%%)%!!, %%$$)&^, %%%%!!^@ dfkm{t gfd l6kfpgx'g OR5's ;a}nfO{ cg'/f]w 5 ._

@= /]l8of] g]kfndfkm{t k|To]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] / t];|f] zlgaf/ laxfg &=$) b]lv &=%% ;Dd lwtf]kq tyf j:t' ljlgdo /]l8of] sfo{qmd .M

#= /]l8of] sflGtk'/ PkmPd af6 k|To]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] a'waf/ laxfg &=#) b]lv *=)) ah] ;Dd nufgLstf{ k|ToIf ;+jfb sfo{qmd .

$= /]l8of] sflGtk'/ PkmPd af6 k|To]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] a'waf/ laxfg &=#) b]lv *=)) ah] ;Dd nufgLstf{ k|ToIf ;+jfb sfo{qmd .

-b|i6Jo M af]8{n] ;fj{hlgs lgisfzgdf Go'gtd !) lsQf b/vf:t lbg kfO{g] / ;+ej eP;Dd ;a} cfj]bsnfO{ sDtLdf !) lsQf kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 ._