gkc oneworld ghogha rural drinking water supply project
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waterTRANSCRIPT
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May 2011
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public GrievancesMinistry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of Indiahttp://indiagovernance.gov.in/
Researched and Documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................
Background ................................
Objective ................................................................
Working Design ................................
Methodology ................................
Key Stakeholders ................................
Lessons Learned ................................
Way ahead ................................
Appendix A ................................
Appendix B ................................
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
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Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
1
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-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Executive SummaryThe Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project was a demand driven decentralised
community effort for the development of water supply and sanitation in the rural areas of
coastal Ghogha Region of Gujarat. This project was the first ever participatory secto
model of the government of Gujarat.
The objective of the project was to
through decentralisation and community involvement in conception, operation and
maintenance of the project.
Ghogha Project was started in the year 1997. It was implemented in Bhavnagar, Ghogha and
Talaja blocks of Bhavnagar district covering an area of about 614 sq. km. 82 villages were
included in the project with an estimated population of 2, 00,000 according to
The project was successful in facilitating dual source
quality of water, providing household piped water connection and also managing water
resources for sustainable use. Other important
sanitation and hygiene practices in the region. Waste water disposal system, latrines and
sanitation units were constructed for the purpose.
The project was unique in its approach as it
model in development projects in Gujarat. Active participation of NGOs, formation of
community mandated pani samitis
and effective decentralisation of resources and responsibili
success as it was built on mutual trust
community.
Ghogha experience resulted in the formation of
Organisation (WASMO), a crucial org
community participation in the water sector beyond Gho
Background Issues pertaining to water crisis are not alien to the state of Gujarat. With over exploitation of
ground water for irrigation purposes, fluctuating rainfall and declining traditional methods of
managing resources the drinking water crisis situation acqu
drought, competition and conflict for survival.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
Executive Summary The Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project was a demand driven decentralised
community effort for the development of water supply and sanitation in the rural areas of
coastal Ghogha Region of Gujarat. This project was the first ever participatory secto
model of the government of Gujarat.
was to achieve sustainability in rural water supply and sanitation
through decentralisation and community involvement in conception, operation and
ha Project was started in the year 1997. It was implemented in Bhavnagar, Ghogha and
Talaja blocks of Bhavnagar district covering an area of about 614 sq. km. 82 villages were
included in the project with an estimated population of 2, 00,000 according to
ul in facilitating dual source of water supply in villages,
quality of water, providing household piped water connection and also managing water
use. Other important components of the project were
sanitation and hygiene practices in the region. Waste water disposal system, latrines and
sanitation units were constructed for the purpose.
s unique in its approach as it institutionalised the decen
model in development projects in Gujarat. Active participation of NGOs, formation of
ommunity mandated pani samitis and inclusion of women ensured meaningful participation
and effective decentralisation of resources and responsibilities in the project. The project was a
success as it was built on mutual trust and invoked a strong sense of ownership among the
e resulted in the formation of Water and Sanitation Management
Organisation (WASMO), a crucial organisation of the government of Gujarat that is promoting
in the water sector beyond Ghogha.
Issues pertaining to water crisis are not alien to the state of Gujarat. With over exploitation of
ground water for irrigation purposes, fluctuating rainfall and declining traditional methods of
managing resources the drinking water crisis situation acquires an acute dimension leading to
drought, competition and conflict for survival.
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
2
The Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project was a demand driven decentralised
community effort for the development of water supply and sanitation in the rural areas of
coastal Ghogha Region of Gujarat. This project was the first ever participatory sector reform
achieve sustainability in rural water supply and sanitation
through decentralisation and community involvement in conception, operation and
ha Project was started in the year 1997. It was implemented in Bhavnagar, Ghogha and
Talaja blocks of Bhavnagar district covering an area of about 614 sq. km. 82 villages were
included in the project with an estimated population of 2, 00,000 according to 2001 census.
of water supply in villages, enhancing the
quality of water, providing household piped water connection and also managing water
components of the project were to improve
sanitation and hygiene practices in the region. Waste water disposal system, latrines and
institutionalised the decentralised participatory
model in development projects in Gujarat. Active participation of NGOs, formation of
and inclusion of women ensured meaningful participation
ties in the project. The project was a
ownership among the
Water and Sanitation Management
n of the government of Gujarat that is promoting
Issues pertaining to water crisis are not alien to the state of Gujarat. With over exploitation of
ground water for irrigation purposes, fluctuating rainfall and declining traditional methods of
ires an acute dimension leading to
-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
Diverse geological, hydrological
surface and groundwater sources in the state. Erratic rainfall constitutes
scarcity with differential distribution pattern of rainfall over 2000 mm in Dangs in South
Gujarat to 200 mm in Kutch1
Seasonal migration rate in the region is also n
In the Ghogha region the ground wat
Depletion of water tables in hot summers results
government used to supply tank water in the region for months t
the year 2000-01, drinking water was supplied to 4054
to severe drought, water trains had to be supplied by the administration.
Analysis of the habitation survey conducted by the Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board
(GWSSB) showed that more than 50 percent of total habitations in Gujarat were facing low
water availability and water quality problem
The state government envisioned the Ghogha
that would create drinking water grid for bulk water transmission from water sources to the
needy, taking water resource management and conservation measures. The project set to
achieve the objectives with large scale community partnership in managing water supply
infrastructure and service delivery at the local level.
Ghogha project was designed in the year 1994
that would rely on the Shetrunji re
largest river in Gujarat. The GWSSB was the implementation agency of the project. Research
and earlier experiences indicated that building of local institutional capacity to set up and
manage local resources in
sustainability. The project finalised to provide external piped water only to the no
villages5.
1 From policy to practice: Users as managers of rural drinking water supply systems, WASMO.2 Khurana, Indira and Manmohan Sehgal. Drinking water source sustaina
improvement in rural Gujarat, WASMO.3 From policy to practice: Users as managers of rural drinking water supply systems, WASMO4 Ibid 5 A village is a no source village if it has any of the following characteristics: (1) No public well, (2) has a
public well that dries up in summer making villagers travel more than 1 km to fetch water, (3) a source
of water supply more than 1 km away, (4) no possibility of a well, nee
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
verse geological, hydrological and climatic conditions have bearing on the availability of
sources in the state. Erratic rainfall constitutes
differential distribution pattern of rainfall over 2000 mm in Dangs in South
1. Farmers find it difficult to manage more than 1
Seasonal migration rate in the region is also noticeable.
the ground water had high salinity component like in all coastal areas.
tables in hot summers results in drying up of wells or turns
government used to supply tank water in the region for months to address the issue. During
01, drinking water was supplied to 4054 villages in tankers3
severe drought, water trains had to be supplied by the administration.
Analysis of the habitation survey conducted by the Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board
(GWSSB) showed that more than 50 percent of total habitations in Gujarat were facing low
water availability and water quality problem4.
oned the Ghogha project as a drought proofing long term effort
that would create drinking water grid for bulk water transmission from water sources to the
needy, taking water resource management and conservation measures. The project set to
ectives with large scale community partnership in managing water supply
infrastructure and service delivery at the local level.
t was designed in the year 1994 as a conventional rural water supply scheme
that would rely on the Shetrunji reservoir for the resource, the Shetrunji being the second
largest river in Gujarat. The GWSSB was the implementation agency of the project. Research
and earlier experiences indicated that building of local institutional capacity to set up and
l resources in villages with reliable source of water was a better route to
sustainability. The project finalised to provide external piped water only to the no
From policy to practice: Users as managers of rural drinking water supply systems, WASMO.
Indira and Manmohan Sehgal. Drinking water source sustainability and groundwater quality
improvement in rural Gujarat, WASMO.
From policy to practice: Users as managers of rural drinking water supply systems, WASMO
ge if it has any of the following characteristics: (1) No public well, (2) has a
public well that dries up in summer making villagers travel more than 1 km to fetch water, (3) a source
of water supply more than 1 km away, (4) no possibility of a well, needed a tube well for drinking water,
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
3
and climatic conditions have bearing on the availability of
sources in the state. Erratic rainfall constitutes a major cause of the
differential distribution pattern of rainfall over 2000 mm in Dangs in South
. Farmers find it difficult to manage more than 1-2 crops a year.
like in all coastal areas.
in drying up of wells or turns saline2. The
o address the issue. During
3. In the year 2000 due
Analysis of the habitation survey conducted by the Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board
(GWSSB) showed that more than 50 percent of total habitations in Gujarat were facing low
project as a drought proofing long term effort
that would create drinking water grid for bulk water transmission from water sources to the
needy, taking water resource management and conservation measures. The project set to
ectives with large scale community partnership in managing water supply
as a conventional rural water supply scheme
hetrunji being the second
largest river in Gujarat. The GWSSB was the implementation agency of the project. Research
and earlier experiences indicated that building of local institutional capacity to set up and
villages with reliable source of water was a better route to
sustainability. The project finalised to provide external piped water only to the no -source
From policy to practice: Users as managers of rural drinking water supply systems, WASMO.
bility and groundwater quality
From policy to practice: Users as managers of rural drinking water supply systems, WASMO
ge if it has any of the following characteristics: (1) No public well, (2) has a
public well that dries up in summer making villagers travel more than 1 km to fetch water, (3) a source
ded a tube well for drinking water,
-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
The project rolled out in the year 1997
blocks of Bhavnagar district covering an area of about 614 sq. km. 82 villages were included in
the project with an estimated population of 2, 00,000 according to 2001 census. Total fund for
the project was rupees 5960.41 lakhs
Objective The overall purpose of the project is to develop, integrating with water resources management, the
improved, safe, reliable and sustainable drinking water and environmental sanitation provisions in 81
villages and 1 town of Bhavnagar district in
managed through the local pani-
In order to provide reliable, sustainable and cost effective water supply and sanitation facilities
Ghogha project aimed to develop and apply concepts and
community owned and managed water supply systems.
In order to advance environmental sanitation and pers
improvement in the disposal of human excreta and increase in the coverage of household
latrines.
In order to ensure active and effective participatio
measures for local institutes such as Pani Samities were undert
Working Design The Ghogha project was implemented in two phases.
A. The first phase was from 1997 to 2002.
In this phase Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board (GWSSB) was the nodal agency
for implementation, administration and reporting of the pro
Agency was the donor of Ghogha project.
(5) there is a public well, but the supply is below 70 lpcd ( Litres Per Capita Per Day), (6) non potable
water supply (GWSSB 2000). 6 Pioneering the community managed approached, WASMO. pp 67 Amendment to grant agreement, dated 2 December 2002. Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water?
Learning from public-private partnership in Gujarat, pp 163
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
in the year 1997. It was implemented in Bhavnagar,
blocks of Bhavnagar district covering an area of about 614 sq. km. 82 villages were included in
the project with an estimated population of 2, 00,000 according to 2001 census. Total fund for
the project was rupees 5960.41 lakhs6.
The overall purpose of the project is to develop, integrating with water resources management, the
improved, safe, reliable and sustainable drinking water and environmental sanitation provisions in 81
villages and 1 town of Bhavnagar district in Gujarat, where facilities will be community owned and
- samities7
In order to provide reliable, sustainable and cost effective water supply and sanitation facilities
Ghogha project aimed to develop and apply concepts and methodologies that would support
community owned and managed water supply systems.
In order to advance environmental sanitation and personal hygiene the project aimed
improvement in the disposal of human excreta and increase in the coverage of household
tive and effective participation of the community, capacity building
for local institutes such as Pani Samities were undertaken.
The Ghogha project was implemented in two phases.
was from 1997 to 2002.
In this phase Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board (GWSSB) was the nodal agency
for implementation, administration and reporting of the project. Royal Netherlands
Agency was the donor of Ghogha project.
(5) there is a public well, but the supply is below 70 lpcd ( Litres Per Capita Per Day), (6) non potable
managed approached, WASMO. pp 6
nt, dated 2 December 2002. Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water?
private partnership in Gujarat, pp 163
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
4
. It was implemented in Bhavnagar, Ghogha and Talaja
blocks of Bhavnagar district covering an area of about 614 sq. km. 82 villages were included in
the project with an estimated population of 2, 00,000 according to 2001 census. Total fund for
The overall purpose of the project is to develop, integrating with water resources management, the
improved, safe, reliable and sustainable drinking water and environmental sanitation provisions in 81
Gujarat, where facilities will be community owned and
In order to provide reliable, sustainable and cost effective water supply and sanitation facilities
methodologies that would support
onal hygiene the project aimed at
improvement in the disposal of human excreta and increase in the coverage of household
n of the community, capacity building
In this phase Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board (GWSSB) was the nodal agency
ject. Royal Netherlands
(5) there is a public well, but the supply is below 70 lpcd ( Litres Per Capita Per Day), (6) non potable
nt, dated 2 December 2002. Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water?
-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
In the first phase, the project called for NGO cooperation to assess the human resource
available and to appraise the socio
capacity and willingness of the people to share cost of the project. NGOs were expected
to facilitate community capacity building. Pilot projects were initiated on the basis of
local need assessment.
Pani Samities were formed as a sub
responsible for planning, implementation and management of the in
supply and sanitation systems. Along with Pani Samities, other groups such as women
Self Help Groups (SHGs) w
However, the midterm review of the project found that there was a need for institutional
restructuring.
GWSSB was unable to
first phase due to lack of clear
contractors and had very little autonomy because of financial dependence and
monitoring by donors
project.
GWSSB failed to underta
conducted by GWSSB pressed for promoting large scale Mahi pipeline already coming
to the region instead of the proposed local source based project. GWSSB also prioritised
the regional schemes rather the village
water supply as means of addressing health and hygiene issues but neglected the
prospects of water resource management.
B. All these factors led the project into
phase which was marked by the
Water and Sanitation Management Organisation
(WASMO) in the year 2002.
The Community Management and Support
Unit (CMSU), established to
lessons from Ghogha project into
8 Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water? Learning from public
pp163
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
the project called for NGO cooperation to assess the human resource
le and to appraise the socio - economic dimension of demand estimation,
capacity and willingness of the people to share cost of the project. NGOs were expected
to facilitate community capacity building. Pilot projects were initiated on the basis of
local need assessment.
were formed as a sub-committee of village panchayats. They were
responsible for planning, implementation and management of the in
supply and sanitation systems. Along with Pani Samities, other groups such as women
Self Help Groups (SHGs) were also initiated in the phase.
However, the midterm review of the project found that there was a need for institutional
GWSSB was unable to utilise the government-NGO partnership that was created in the
rst phase due to lack of clear definition of roles. NGOs were largely considered as sub
contractors and had very little autonomy because of financial dependence and
monitoring by donors8. Village communities were also not seen as active partners in t
GWSSB failed to undertake any major external engineering work
conducted by GWSSB pressed for promoting large scale Mahi pipeline already coming
to the region instead of the proposed local source based project. GWSSB also prioritised
onal schemes rather the village-level ones. The first phase focuses largely on
water supply as means of addressing health and hygiene issues but neglected the
prospects of water resource management.
the project into its second
by the establishment of
Water and Sanitation Management Organisation
The Community Management and Support
established to integrate
Ghogha project into other
Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water? Learning from public-private partnership in Gujarat,
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
5
the project called for NGO cooperation to assess the human resource
economic dimension of demand estimation,
capacity and willingness of the people to share cost of the project. NGOs were expected
to facilitate community capacity building. Pilot projects were initiated on the basis of
committee of village panchayats. They were
responsible for planning, implementation and management of the in-village water
supply and sanitation systems. Along with Pani Samities, other groups such as women
However, the midterm review of the project found that there was a need for institutional
NGO partnership that was created in the
definition of roles. NGOs were largely considered as sub-
contractors and had very little autonomy because of financial dependence and
. Village communities were also not seen as active partners in the
ajor external engineering work as well. Survey
conducted by GWSSB pressed for promoting large scale Mahi pipeline already coming
to the region instead of the proposed local source based project. GWSSB also prioritised
level ones. The first phase focuses largely on
water supply as means of addressing health and hygiene issues but neglected the
private partnership in Gujarat,
-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
schemes in Gujarat, pr
scope to work beyond the framework of Ghogha project. WASMO, established with
institutional support
convergence of endeavours from the
(PRIs), communities and
solutions. WASMO was thought of as a learning organisation designed to bring in
paradigmatic shift in the sector through commun
development opportunities encouraging all stakeholders in taking change inducing new
responsibilities9. WASMO was largely responsible for management and sector
monitoring and policy development of the Ghogha
care of Information Education Communication (IEC) and networking aspects.
Institution building and technological innovation were other imp
for WASMO.
In the first phase of Ghogha project it was found that over exploitation of ground
water had led to exhaustion of local resources. Multi sourcing of resources was
therefore taken up as the new focus point in the second phase. Local sources were
taken up as the prime source in possible cases. External water supply through Mahi
pipeline was advanced only to the no source villages, while keeping it as an alternative
for villages with water resources. In this way two parallel strategies were employed
first, optimum utilisation of local
scheme.
Check dams, percolation wells and recharge tube wells were considered as important
structured to be built for ensuring water resource management during this phase.
Pastureland development was also added
as an important aspect of the project.
Pani Samities were formed in the first phase
of the project itself
members, three of them from the
panchayats. The Pani Samities had to
include two women members in it,
compulsorily. In the second phase,
Samities were restructured to make it a
9 GSDWICL (2000) Gujarat jal-disha
hygiene and sanitation for all. Ahmedabad: Gujarat state drinking water infrastructure co. ltd.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
pressed the need for a new organisation that would have a wider
scope to work beyond the framework of Ghogha project. WASMO, established with
institutional support from Royal Netherlands Embassy, became
endeavours from the government, NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutes
(PRIs), communities and research organisations working for decentralised water crisis
solutions. WASMO was thought of as a learning organisation designed to bring in
paradigmatic shift in the sector through communication skills and human resource
development opportunities encouraging all stakeholders in taking change inducing new
. WASMO was largely responsible for management and sector
monitoring and policy development of the Ghogha project during
care of Information Education Communication (IEC) and networking aspects.
Institution building and technological innovation were other imp
In the first phase of Ghogha project it was found that over exploitation of ground
had led to exhaustion of local resources. Multi sourcing of resources was
therefore taken up as the new focus point in the second phase. Local sources were
as the prime source in possible cases. External water supply through Mahi
pipeline was advanced only to the no source villages, while keeping it as an alternative
for villages with water resources. In this way two parallel strategies were employed
, optimum utilisation of local ground water; second, complime
, percolation wells and recharge tube wells were considered as important
structured to be built for ensuring water resource management during this phase.
Pastureland development was also added
as an important aspect of the project.
formed in the first phase
the project itself with total eight
members, three of them from the
panchayats. The Pani Samities had to
include two women members in it,
compulsorily. In the second phase, the Pani
Samities were restructured to make it a
disha 2010: A vision of a healthy and equitable future with drinking water,
hygiene and sanitation for all. Ahmedabad: Gujarat state drinking water infrastructure co. ltd.
Figure 1: The Pani Samities ensures
decentralisation and community participation in
Ghogha project. Photo credit: WASMO
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
6
need for a new organisation that would have a wider
scope to work beyond the framework of Ghogha project. WASMO, established with
Netherlands Embassy, became that platform for
overnment, NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutes
for decentralised water crisis
solutions. WASMO was thought of as a learning organisation designed to bring in
ication skills and human resource
development opportunities encouraging all stakeholders in taking change inducing new
. WASMO was largely responsible for management and sector
project during 2002-05. It also took
care of Information Education Communication (IEC) and networking aspects.
Institution building and technological innovation were other important areas of focus
In the first phase of Ghogha project it was found that over exploitation of ground
had led to exhaustion of local resources. Multi sourcing of resources was
therefore taken up as the new focus point in the second phase. Local sources were
as the prime source in possible cases. External water supply through Mahi
pipeline was advanced only to the no source villages, while keeping it as an alternative
for villages with water resources. In this way two parallel strategies were employed-
ground water; second, complimentary piped water
, percolation wells and recharge tube wells were considered as important
structured to be built for ensuring water resource management during this phase.
equitable future with drinking water,
hygiene and sanitation for all. Ahmedabad: Gujarat state drinking water infrastructure co. ltd.
Samities ensures
decentralisation and community participation in
Photo credit: WASMO
-
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
group of 10-12 members. The committee had tenure of
reconstitution gave guidelines to increase the number of women members to one
of the 10-12 members along with proportionate representation of the marginalised
group. Interested community members such as teachers and health workers
elected to the community but it was compelled to include members from the ruling
panchayat.
While in the first phase the panchayat had a decisive role in the elect ion of committe
members, Gram Sabhas took charge of nomination and ratification
second phase.
In the first phase actual construction work was done by the contractors selected by
GWSSB while the local community supported and monitored the work. But there were
lack of trust and cooperation between the two often resul
phase the Pani Samities themselves took up the construction work. This instilled a sense
of ownership in the locals
NGO collaboration acquired a new
longer seen as the contractors of the government, instead invited as agencies in
partnership. NGOs were given authority in vital decision making process in the project.
Unlike in the first phase there were clarity of roles and responsibili
phase. NGOs were chosen by WASMO
water sector and inclusive membership norms. Three reputed NGOs (Centre for
Environment Education, Uthan and Medhavi) worked with the Ghogha project
ensuring that the concerns of the committee were communicated to the
order to redress their issues. NGOs with local presence were chosen as they had wider
outreach in villages. While their roles were restricted to organising Pani Samities and
preparing Village Action Plans in the first phase, a wider platform in the second phase
called for community mobilisation, awareness creation and capacity building of the
local institutes involved
The Royal Netherland Embassy (RNE) and the Dutch Support Age
facilitated workshops to build conceptual understanding and analytical tools among all
partners in the first phase. WASMO, in the second phase
training programmes for the local communities in accounts writing
maintenance of the programme in the second phase.
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
12 members. The committee had tenure of two years. The 2002
reconstitution gave guidelines to increase the number of women members to one
12 members along with proportionate representation of the marginalised
group. Interested community members such as teachers and health workers
elected to the community but it was compelled to include members from the ruling
While in the first phase the panchayat had a decisive role in the elect ion of committe
members, Gram Sabhas took charge of nomination and ratification
In the first phase actual construction work was done by the contractors selected by
GWSSB while the local community supported and monitored the work. But there were
lack of trust and cooperation between the two often resulting in conflict. In the second
Samities themselves took up the construction work. This instilled a sense
of ownership in the locals along with providing wage employment to them.
NGO collaboration acquired a new dimension in the second phas
longer seen as the contractors of the government, instead invited as agencies in
partnership. NGOs were given authority in vital decision making process in the project.
Unlike in the first phase there were clarity of roles and responsibili
phase. NGOs were chosen by WASMO keeping in mind their track record, expertise in
water sector and inclusive membership norms. Three reputed NGOs (Centre for
Environment Education, Uthan and Medhavi) worked with the Ghogha project
ng that the concerns of the committee were communicated to the
order to redress their issues. NGOs with local presence were chosen as they had wider
outreach in villages. While their roles were restricted to organising Pani Samities and
aring Village Action Plans in the first phase, a wider platform in the second phase
called for community mobilisation, awareness creation and capacity building of the
involved.
The Royal Netherland Embassy (RNE) and the Dutch Support Age
facilitated workshops to build conceptual understanding and analytical tools among all
partners in the first phase. WASMO, in the second phase, also
training programmes for the local communities in accounts writing
maintenance of the programme in the second phase.
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
7
two years. The 2002
reconstitution gave guidelines to increase the number of women members to one-third
12 members along with proportionate representation of the marginalised
group. Interested community members such as teachers and health workers can be
elected to the community but it was compelled to include members from the ruling
While in the first phase the panchayat had a decisive role in the elect ion of committee
members, Gram Sabhas took charge of nomination and ratification of members in the
In the first phase actual construction work was done by the contractors selected by
GWSSB while the local community supported and monitored the work. But there were
ting in conflict. In the second
Samities themselves took up the construction work. This instilled a sense
yment to them.
the second phase. They were no
longer seen as the contractors of the government, instead invited as agencies in
partnership. NGOs were given authority in vital decision making process in the project.
Unlike in the first phase there were clarity of roles and responsibilities in the second
mind their track record, expertise in
water sector and inclusive membership norms. Three reputed NGOs (Centre for
Environment Education, Uthan and Medhavi) worked with the Ghogha project
ng that the concerns of the committee were communicated to the authorities in
order to redress their issues. NGOs with local presence were chosen as they had wider
outreach in villages. While their roles were restricted to organising Pani Samities and
aring Village Action Plans in the first phase, a wider platform in the second phase
called for community mobilisation, awareness creation and capacity building of the
The Royal Netherland Embassy (RNE) and the Dutch Support Agency, IWACO, also
facilitated workshops to build conceptual understanding and analytical tools among all
, also conducted extensive
training programmes for the local communities in accounts writing, in operation and
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Transparency and Accountability
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Methodology The Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) research team identified Ghogha Rural Drinking
Water Supply Project as a best practice
decentralised and participatory model to resolve the problem of water shortage and impro ve
water quality in the coastal Ghogha region of Gujarat.
The team used both primary and
practice document.
Conducting desk based secondary research, available through online material the team
gathered important information on the background, operations
Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
team adopted the interview method to carry out primary research.
Responses were obtained from Mr
Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat through
implementation of the programme. The insights obtained were utilised with the desk research
to prepare this document.
Key Stakeholders The Gujarat Water Supply and
Water and Sanitation Management Organisation
Community Management and Support Unit (CMSU)
Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE)
Technical implementing agencies
NGOs Centre for Environment Education, Utthan and Medhav
Panchayati Raj Institutes
Pani Samities
Community members of Ghogha region
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
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Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
The Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) research team identified Ghogha Rural Drinking
a best practice because the project was a pioneer in taking up
decentralised and participatory model to resolve the problem of water shortage and impro ve
water quality in the coastal Ghogha region of Gujarat.
The team used both primary and secondary research methods for the prepar
Conducting desk based secondary research, available through online material the team
gathered important information on the background, operations and achievements
Supply Project. In order to validate the secondary research findings, the
team adopted the interview method to carry out primary research.
from Mr K.C. Tripathy, Manager, Board of Funding,
Gujarat through telephonic interview on many important aspects of
of the programme. The insights obtained were utilised with the desk research
The Gujarat Water Supply and Sewage Board (GWSSB)
Water and Sanitation Management Organisation (WASMO)
Community Management and Support Unit (CMSU)
Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE)
Technical implementing agencies
Centre for Environment Education, Utthan and Medhavi
Panchayati Raj Institutes
Community members of Ghogha region
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
8
The Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) research team identified Ghogha Rural Drinking
project was a pioneer in taking up
decentralised and participatory model to resolve the problem of water shortage and impro ve
methods for the preparation of this best
Conducting desk based secondary research, available through online material the team
and achievements of Ghogha
r to validate the secondary research findings, the
hy, Manager, Board of Funding, WASMO,
ny important aspects of
of the programme. The insights obtained were utilised with the desk research
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Government of India
Lessons Learned Comprehensive improvement in water supply and sanitation t
led project
The project ensured dual water supply
with local water resources catalyzed to develop and m
source villages obtained water from external Mahi piped water system.
arterial distribution lines that was fitt
One of the most important aspects of the project was its emphasis on spreading
awareness about water quality.
When the Pani Samities used
between local source and piped water system
for the villages they often made the choice on
the basis of cost while mostly neglecting the
quality criteria. WASMO collected water
samples of all the 82 villages in 2004 for
chemical and biological analysis. Whenever the
water was found to have bacterial
contamination or chemically unfit
were explained about the negative impacts
with corrective measures. Kits were
to Pani Samities to keep a check
10 Pioneering the community managed approach, WASMO. pp 15
Figure 2: Household water connection made the
lives of people much easier. Photo credit:
WASMO
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Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
Comprehensive improvement in water supply and sanitation through
water supply facilities in the 82 selected villages. When the villages
with local water resources catalyzed to develop and maintain its existing resources, the no
source villages obtained water from external Mahi piped water system.
The first phase of the project made
stand-post based piped water. Hand
also provided wherever possible, especially
remote areas. However community demand
household connections was
second phase of the project was successful in
extending household water supply connection.
Although the responsibility of getting the actual
connection belonged to the household, wherever the
village demanded the project provided for the
arterial distribution lines that was fitted with opening valves at regular intervals
One of the most important aspects of the project was its emphasis on spreading
awareness about water quality.
Samities used to choose
and piped water system
for the villages they often made the choice on
while mostly neglecting the
quality criteria. WASMO collected water
he 82 villages in 2004 for
chemical and biological analysis. Whenever the
water was found to have bacterial
contamination or chemically unfit, the villagers
were explained about the negative impacts
with corrective measures. Kits were also given
amities to keep a check on water
Pioneering the community managed approach, WASMO. pp 15
: Household water connection made the
Photo credit:
Figure 3: Water quality checking kits were provided
to the community. Photo credit: WASMO
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
9
hrough the community
the 82 selected villages. When the villages
aintain its existing resources, the no-
project made provisions for
post based piped water. Hand-pupms were
also provided wherever possible, especially in the
areas. However community demand for
was paramount. The
ject was successful in
extending household water supply connection.
Although the responsibility of getting the actual
connection belonged to the household, wherever the
village demanded the project provided for the
ed with opening valves at regular intervals.10
One of the most important aspects of the project was its emphasis on spreading
: Water quality checking kits were provided
Photo credit: WASMO
-
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
quality. Subsequently a water quality cell was constituted by WASMO in 2004 to
institutionalise water quality check and
Workshops and training sessions are regularly held to spread awareness on
Water resource management
qualitative and quantitative aspect of water supply.
Maintenance of local water resources obtained prime focus. Communities had to contribute 10
percent of the capital cost to water resource management operati
75 checkdams, three tidal control structures, and 45 ponds were constructed
Sanitation level of an area has a direct bearing on
The project objective lays equal importance to sanitation along with water supply systems.
Research findings indicated an acute shortage
of latrines in the region. Low hygiene and
sanitation concerns such as prevalent open
defecation led to high prevalence o
such as diarrhoea, dysentery and malaria. Soak
pits were constructed in order to hold the waste
water that run into streets otherwise. In the
areas where soak pits were not feasible,
partially open waste water drainage systems
were constructed.
A total of 6447 latrines were constructed in order to arrest open defecation in the region. In
order to make children aware of the importance of pers
comprising toilets, urinals and washbasins were constructed in the schools. Covering all the
primary schools of the region, 150 sanitation corners were used.
Inclusion of children
sustainability in hygiene and sanitation practices.
11 Ibid
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
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Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
quality. Subsequently a water quality cell was constituted by WASMO in 2004 to
institutionalise water quality check and redressal in all projects.
Workshops and training sessions are regularly held to spread awareness on
Water resource management was unanimously taken as a key solution to addr
qualitative and quantitative aspect of water supply.
water resources obtained prime focus. Communities had to contribute 10
of the capital cost to water resource management operations. By the end of the project
75 checkdams, three tidal control structures, and 45 ponds were constructed
level of an area has a direct bearing on its water quality.
ctive lays equal importance to sanitation along with water supply systems.
Research findings indicated an acute shortage
region. Low hygiene and
sanitation concerns such as prevalent open
cation led to high prevalence of diseases
ea, dysentery and malaria. Soak
pits were constructed in order to hold the waste
water that run into streets otherwise. In the
reas where soak pits were not feasible,
partially open waste water drainage systems
A total of 6447 latrines were constructed in order to arrest open defecation in the region. In
order to make children aware of the importance of personal hygiene sanitation units
comprising toilets, urinals and washbasins were constructed in the schools. Covering all the
primary schools of the region, 150 sanitation corners were used.
children as an important target group was instrumenta
sustainability in hygiene and sanitation practices.
Figure 4: 6447 latrines were constructed under the
project, Photo credit: WASMO
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
10
quality. Subsequently a water quality cell was constituted by WASMO in 2004 to
Workshops and training sessions are regularly held to spread awareness on water quality.
was unanimously taken as a key solution to address both
water resources obtained prime focus. Communities had to contribute 10
ons. By the end of the project
75 checkdams, three tidal control structures, and 45 ponds were constructed11.
its water quality.
ctive lays equal importance to sanitation along with water supply systems.
A total of 6447 latrines were constructed in order to arrest open defecation in the region. In
onal hygiene sanitation units
comprising toilets, urinals and washbasins were constructed in the schools. Covering all the
an important target group was instrumental in ensuring
: 6447 latrines were constructed under the
project, Photo credit: WASMO
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Community washing facilities
keeping community needs in mind.
undertaken to rejuvenate wastelands and to increase availability of fodder.
Evolution of Information Education and Communication strategy
Slogans, illustrations, media channels such as print, radio, television were used to create
awareness regarding water issues and solutions. Exposure visits and training workshops
contribute largely to initiate two way communications for all stakeholders. A bi
newsletter was circulated comprising success
themes by WASMO.
Active community involvement in every aspect of conception, operation and
maintenance of the project
Under the Ghogha project the community was convinced to bear operation and maintenance
cost of the project, while the state funded
resource management components complete
capital cost had to be taken by the community. Couples of meetings, awareness operations and
social pressure were success
privileged sector had differential tariff plans. Some villages like Kobadi
than targeted funds necessary to meet the operation and maintenance cost.
Inclusion of women
confidence for the rural women. The household connections made life easier for
didnt have to take long routes to carry water on their heads for consumption. With the success
Figure 5: Inclusion of women ensured
efficiency and transparency in the project,
Photo credit: WASMO
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
Community washing facilities and cattle troughs (reservoir) were also constructed
keeping community needs in mind. Pastureland development activities
undertaken to rejuvenate wastelands and to increase availability of fodder.
Evolution of Information Education and Communication strategy
Slogans, illustrations, media channels such as print, radio, television were used to create
water issues and solutions. Exposure visits and training workshops
contribute largely to initiate two way communications for all stakeholders. A bi
comprising success stories and discussions on water and sanitat
y involvement in every aspect of conception, operation and
maintenance of the project
Under the Ghogha project the community was convinced to bear operation and maintenance
cost of the project, while the state funded the capital costs. For sanitation and for water
management components complete operation and maintenance cost
capital cost had to be taken by the community. Couples of meetings, awareness operations and
social pressure were successful in convincing the local people to the tariff plan. The less
privileged sector had differential tariff plans. Some villages like Kobadi
than targeted funds necessary to meet the operation and maintenance cost.
The project recognised the importance of
lives of women. They are the prime user and
of water resources. With fair inclusion in
Samiti, the women were empowered to fashion and
implement water supply and sanitation schemes
maximum to their advantage. Moreover it
that participation of women in Pani Samities ensured
greater transparency. Women users
reluctant to pay for water system as well.
Ghogha project opened new doors of oppo
rural women. The household connections made life easier for
ake long routes to carry water on their heads for consumption. With the success
: Inclusion of women ensured
efficiency and transparency in the project,
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
11
(reservoir) were also constructed
Pastureland development activities were
undertaken to rejuvenate wastelands and to increase availability of fodder.
Evolution of Information Education and Communication strategy
Slogans, illustrations, media channels such as print, radio, television were used to create
water issues and solutions. Exposure visits and training workshops
contribute largely to initiate two way communications for all stakeholders. A bi-monthly
stories and discussions on water and sanitation
y involvement in every aspect of conception, operation and
Under the Ghogha project the community was convinced to bear operation and maintenance
the capital costs. For sanitation and for water
operation and maintenance cost; and partial
capital cost had to be taken by the community. Couples of meetings, awareness operations and
ful in convincing the local people to the tariff plan. The less
privileged sector had differential tariff plans. Some villages like Kobadi even collected more
than targeted funds necessary to meet the operation and maintenance cost.
importance of water in the
lives of women. They are the prime user and conserver
inclusion in the Pani
, the women were empowered to fashion and
implement water supply and sanitation schemes
Moreover it was found
that participation of women in Pani Samities ensured
Women users were hardly
or water system as well. The process of
Ghogha project opened new doors of opportunity and
rural women. The household connections made life easier for women. They
ake long routes to carry water on their heads for consumption. With the success
-
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Government of India
of water supply scheme in the region women found more time for other productive activities
and for their children.
Involvement with nongovernmental organisation
The close association with nongovernmental
allowed active decentralisation
Way ahead Though the Ghogha project ended
sanitation continues beyond Ghogha.
WASMO is now the lead agency
Ghogha project became the guideline for subsequent large programmes such as Swajaldhara
and Earthquake Restructuring and Rehabilitation Project (ERR). WASMO learnt the importance
as well as the strategies to involve multiple partners such as experts, technical consultants,
NGOs and PRIs in projects.
The Ghogha experience taught WASMO to provide greater emphasis
Local communities are provided
resources carefully in all projects. WASMO constituted an
purpose.
In the Ghogha project the Village Action Plans were prepared by the engineers without seeking
involvement of the communities. That led
being in the priority list of the villagers and reluctance of the co
operation and maintenance cost of the infrastructure. Learning from the Ghogha exper
WASMO decided to obtain 10 percent capital cost from the community so that they have a
greater responsibility and participation in preparing
The Ghogha experience proved the general assumption wrong that the community dont want
to pay for water as they consider it as the
satisfaction and standard of services are high, the
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
of water supply scheme in the region women found more time for other productive activities
Involvement with nongovernmental organisation
The close association with nongovernmental organisations having expertise in the water sector
decentralisation of decision making and implementation in the project.
project ended in June 2005, WASMOs involvement
sanitation continues beyond Ghogha.
now the lead agency bringing in sector reform in the state. The lessons learnt from
guideline for subsequent large programmes such as Swajaldhara
turing and Rehabilitation Project (ERR). WASMO learnt the importance
as well as the strategies to involve multiple partners such as experts, technical consultants,
The Ghogha experience taught WASMO to provide greater emphasis to water qualit
are provided with water checking kits to verify the quality of water in local
all projects. WASMO constituted an official water
In the Ghogha project the Village Action Plans were prepared by the engineers without seeking
communities. That led to problems such as construction of structures not
being in the priority list of the villagers and reluctance of the community
operation and maintenance cost of the infrastructure. Learning from the Ghogha exper
WASMO decided to obtain 10 percent capital cost from the community so that they have a
greater responsibility and participation in preparing village action plans.
The Ghogha experience proved the general assumption wrong that the community dont want
ter as they consider it as the responsibility of the state. When
satisfaction and standard of services are high, the willingness of people to
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
12
of water supply scheme in the region women found more time for other productive activities
expertise in the water sector
of decision making and implementation in the project.
in June 2005, WASMOs involvement with water and
sector reform in the state. The lessons learnt from
guideline for subsequent large programmes such as Swajaldhara
turing and Rehabilitation Project (ERR). WASMO learnt the importance
as well as the strategies to involve multiple partners such as experts, technical consultants,
to water quality aspects.
quality of water in local
official water quality cell for the
In the Ghogha project the Village Action Plans were prepared by the engineers without seeking
such as construction of structures not
mmunity in sharing the
operation and maintenance cost of the infrastructure. Learning from the Ghogha experience
WASMO decided to obtain 10 percent capital cost from the community so that they have a
The Ghogha experience proved the general assumption wrong that the community dont want
ponsibility of the state. When the level of
gness of people to pay for it increases.
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Attempts are continuously being made to obtain
than only from Pani Samities.
project in the ongoing endeavours.
Further analysis of these is needed to obtain significant insight in
development projects.
Research was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
Documentation was created
For further information, please contact
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
Attempts are continuously being made to obtain village level resolutions from gram sabhas
than only from Pani Samities. WASMO team is incorporating the rich
endeavours.
of these is needed to obtain significant insight in the community
Research was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.
Documentation was created by Research Associate, Ajupi Baruah
For further information, please contact Naimur Rahman, Director, OWFI, at [email protected]
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
13
village level resolutions from gram sabhas
incorporating the rich learning of Ghogha
the community managed
Research was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team. jupi Baruah
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Appendix A Sources:
GSDWICL (2000) Gujarat jal
drinking water, hygiene and sanitation for all. Ahmedabad: Gujarat state drinking
water infrastructure co. ltd
Khurana, Indira and Manmohan Sehgal. Drinking water source sustainability and
groundwater quality improvement in rural
Pioneering the community managed approach, WASMO
Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water? Learning from
partnership in Gujarat.
The Ghogha experience. Gandhi Nagar. WASMO/IWACO team
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
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Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
GSDWICL (2000) Gujarat jal-disha 2010: A vision of a healthy and
drinking water, hygiene and sanitation for all. Ahmedabad: Gujarat state drinking
water infrastructure co. ltd
Khurana, Indira and Manmohan Sehgal. Drinking water source sustainability and
groundwater quality improvement in rural Gujarat, WASMO
Pioneering the community managed approach, WASMO
Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water? Learning from
Gujarat.
The Ghogha experience. Gandhi Nagar. WASMO/IWACO team
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
14
disha 2010: A vision of a healthy and equitable future with
drinking water, hygiene and sanitation for all. Ahmedabad: Gujarat state drinking
Khurana, Indira and Manmohan Sehgal. Drinking water source sustainability and
Reynders, Jan and Sara Ahmed. Whos water? Learning from public-private
-
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Appendix B Questionnaire:
Purpose
1. The Ghogha project was launched to address the issue of drinking water shortages in the
region. What were issues surrounding the drinking water shortage that motivated the start of
this programme? What were the problems that existed and how did they affe
the region?
2. Can you explain the efforts carried out to fulfill each of the following focus areas of the
project?
a. Provision of water supply
b. Improve Health, hygiene and sanitation
c. Water resources management
d. Capacity building and training of the community
Factors of Success
Multi-stakeholder engagement
1. What are the departments of government involved in this project? What are their roles?
a. WASMO
b. Technical departments
c. Water Supply and Sanitation Board
2. What was the purpose of collaborating with NGOs?
a. What methods were used for this collaboration?
b. What is the role of NGOs in this programme?
c. How has this contributed to the success of the programme?
3. According to our research, engaging the local community was a leading factor of
programme success. Can you explain why the community was approached for this effort?
a. What methods were used to engage the community?
b. What role did the community pl
c. How has this made the programme successful? Please provide specific examples.
4. What were the capacity building measures taken to empower the Pani Samities/
community?
a. What role do the Pani Samities play in this programme? Ho
programme?
Transparency and Accountability
Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
The Ghogha project was launched to address the issue of drinking water shortages in the
region. What were issues surrounding the drinking water shortage that motivated the start of
this programme? What were the problems that existed and how did they affe
2. Can you explain the efforts carried out to fulfill each of the following focus areas of the
b. Improve Health, hygiene and sanitation
c. Water resources management
ilding and training of the community
1. What are the departments of government involved in this project? What are their roles?
c. Water Supply and Sanitation Board
2. What was the purpose of collaborating with NGOs?
a. What methods were used for this collaboration?
b. What is the role of NGOs in this programme?
c. How has this contributed to the success of the programme?
3. According to our research, engaging the local community was a leading factor of
you explain why the community was approached for this effort?
a. What methods were used to engage the community?
b. What role did the community play in the programme?
c. How has this made the programme successful? Please provide specific examples.
4. What were the capacity building measures taken to empower the Pani Samities/
a. What role do the Pani Samities play in this programme? How do they support the
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
15
The Ghogha project was launched to address the issue of drinking water shortages in the
region. What were issues surrounding the drinking water shortage that motivated the start of
this programme? What were the problems that existed and how did they affect those living in
2. Can you explain the efforts carried out to fulfill each of the following focus areas of the
1. What are the departments of government involved in this project? What are their roles?
3. According to our research, engaging the local community was a leading factor of
you explain why the community was approached for this effort?
c. How has this made the programme successful? Please provide specific examples.
4. What were the capacity building measures taken to empower the Pani Samities/
w do they support the
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Sustainability & Impact
5. How was the tariff plan for drinking water designed? What factors were taken into account
in designing the plan? Was it agreed upon by the community?
6. What were the major challenges faced
Phase 1 was not entirely successful?
a. Community mobilisation
b. Collaboration with NGOs
c. Financial sustainability- donor funding
d. Water issues
7. How was the project monitored to ensure transpar
8. The project ended in 2005 but WASMOs involvement
continued beyond Ghogha. How WASMO is utilising the lessons of Ghogha project in shaping
policies and bringing in sectoral reforms in the
Transparency and Accountability
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply
5. How was the tariff plan for drinking water designed? What factors were taken into account
the plan? Was it agreed upon by the community?
6. What were the major challenges faced in developing this programme? Can you explain why
not entirely successful?
donor funding
7. How was the project monitored to ensure transparency and accountability?
n 2005 but WASMOs involvement in the water and sanitation sector
beyond Ghogha. How WASMO is utilising the lessons of Ghogha project in shaping
sectoral reforms in the state?
Case Study Water and Sanitation
Ghogha Rural Drinking Water Supply Project
May 2011
16
5. How was the tariff plan for drinking water designed? What factors were taken into account
in developing this programme? Can you explain why
ency and accountability?
in the water and sanitation sector
beyond Ghogha. How WASMO is utilising the lessons of Ghogha project in shaping