gk chesterton - simplicity and tolstoy

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  • 7/31/2019 GK Chesterton - Simplicity and Tolstoy

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    . I_- -. _W ; 7 1- _

    TO

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    O . .

    msScnooz. .

    .

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    TO

    _ . . - - " " T :. 1-

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    sthenecessary

    and specula-

    continuous

    ortheuni-

    t; w ehaveto

    abituallybefore

    wehaveseen

    hat weseeit

    . Themoreconsistently

    hemorethey

    ndthereforeto

    simpli cation

    ational.Thus

    ensationalof

    ong at a

    ob ects,and,

    hrill,they

    and staring

    hat allthe

    imeareupon

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    cation. ach

    ndamentalthan

    intheliteralsense,

    art, fo re -

    ofman,classic

    ehas rst been

    oassertsthat

    history,isa

    iranda freckled

    essionist,

    sertsthat tohis

    scertain,man

    airandagrey

    bolist,andsays

    neiscertain,

    enhairanda

    at writersof

    formoranother

    communication

    issometimes

    slye pressed,

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    hink that

    s indrinking

    t it consistsin

    ethanisgood

    t theretln nto

    ngswordsinto

    k it isachieved

    toveryin-

    ficebayonets.

    he ingo, fora

    ithgunpowder

    atural,

    rianrevol-

    with dynamite

    nism.It would

    asentiment,

    heclaimof

    beobeyingthe

    gwhen we

    hugevolumes

    t topersuadethem-

    . 1

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    e truthoftheir

    ntsofour time

    at they

    t roadsthis

    simplicity.

    theangular

    nckbytheeternal

    hitmanreturnsto

    hhe canaccept,

    chhecan re ect.

    returnto

    merespects,

    ofakitten

    ail isasimple

    hythmicincurve

    but it iscerta inly

    cteristic

    houldhang

    denythat it

    ts character

    art ofthe

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    likeatail in

    mportant ifit

    ythat it should

    inethat we

    ourownnature,

    isevena

    nduct ofa

    ,whoshould

    the rmcon-

    ndhista ilgrow ing

    sat theendof

    effect ofthe

    nsearch of

    outsidelooks

    e tail-pursuing

    nthusiasmbut

    verylittle

    eis that she

    ,that sheis

    henwethink

    st. Thouart

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    , sa idthe

    aidwithall

    aman sback

    des.

    lendsa

    toallthe

    underous

    feelthat a

    simplemerely

    ty w efeel. in-

    tsthat aman

    pleat all.A

    maywellbefar

    anlu ury

    lofthepomp

    w orld shistory

    nse.It was

    eceptiveness

    had eyesto

    earsto

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    brought merchant men

    ivory,

    e.

    snot apart ofthe

    wasapart ofhis

    hisinnocence.

    t becontent

    unciationat

    h is g l or y . W i t h e r ce

    ewouldgoa

    nddaysand

    ppingthe

    also f t the li l ies

    Talesfrom

    edandedited byMr

    ulatedtodraw

    ethicaland

    sw ork . Inone

    st sense,the

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    e,a genuine

    city.The

    t maynot

    odedbynow .

    teris,that an

    is mereback-

    andscape,his

    echnique a ll

    t,of which

    onscious,than

    pousmoral

    nesto behis

    onbetween

    heethicsof

    cart liesinthe

    ablehasa

    eis amoral.

    toycomesout

    thegreat

    art ofallhis

    blyunconscious,

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    elythat

    pprove.The

    morningthat

    hefolkloresim-

    a m an o r a w om a n

    theridenti ca-

    most saythe

    it ieso fbrutemateria ls,

    thesoftnessof

    na certain

    besidethevery

    t h es e i n u e nc e s

    nw eput beside

    earingnon-

    y,screaming

    tingforan

    phumanlife

    pper,sneeringat

    nout ofrespect

    onechaos

    nlyPuritan

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    n,indeed,we

    stoyhasvan-

    t todowiththis

    whoisinhabiting

    goodman.

    toreconcile

    thTolstoythe

    er.It isdiflicult

    odrawsinsuch

    fthe daily

    evil that

    bywhichthat

    eto age.It

    evethat amanw hohas

    honestythe

    fthelifeofthe

    meveryone of

    mcolutshipto

    lievethat

    powerfully

    na iro fman, the

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    nbeing,with

    lives,can

    as that which

    nancestorsand

    cult tobelieve

    poignantlythe

    pressionwould

    chance,lay

    t w i th h i s s t . Al l ,

    earchaftera

    being,if I

    enatura lthanit is

    onlybe

    morehumble

    omple . The

    itywouldlie

    waysdone,

    nlikerelishthe

    led,thestarof

    unesofthe

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    otherand

    cance. It represents

    nawfulc ommon-

    themost e treme

    uethat we

    hesmiter it is

    ourcloaktothe

    ocomplicated,

    ional.The

    shouldblush

    nd weare

    commandof

    isnot insane

    dtoaplanet of

    wassuddenly

    umourit would

    an i ca l ly f u l l l in g t he

    not the

    ichstandin

    tion,but its

    advertisement

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    struethat

    o thesmiter,

    icient reasonisthat

    stoyandhis

    theyhavethe

    theyaremis-

    quer.Their

    n utterlycon-

    that doctrine

    ancewhichis

    ousofallthe

    rye ist ing

    trikeofthe

    rmidablethan

    ons.Ifhuman

    n achieving

    eywouldbe

    rengthof

    uldbecalm

    foakor iron,

    geanceand

    1 n1 Ia _

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    miliation.The

    unciatedby

    verconquer

    ecan,conquerby

    ogySt George

    n:hetied a

    ckandgaveit

    tothem,a

    esstoN ero

    osomething

    yAlfredthe

    ecommended

    withthebovine

    fthis worldis

    hecelebrated

    r:

    ld m a n wh o s ai d , H o w

    thisterriblecow

    tinuetosmile,

    scow.

    nhumannatureis

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    gni cent; it

    o believethe

    ofmankind,even

    plaintheirown

    most ofuswould

    rst sight to

    Christiansas

    somebrawling

    ormation,yet

    larerrorin

    fTolstoyis,

    t, oneofthe

    icincidentsin

    representsa

    ionmore

    kingofsealsor

    farationalist,

    dalmost ir-

    omenonof

    nsthescienti c

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    andmakesit essenti-

    ofallsocialevol-

    dustycasket of

    cannot beamiss

    onasit reallyis.

    kemany

    dane traordin-

    sdisproved

    osophersat the

    s rst start ing

    universal

    gainbymany

    aissanceonlya

    dandsupremely

    religionofPuri-

    mphovermany

    ntinents.W e

    lsofnegation

    history but

    dinevitably

    nday isreally

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    ogicalcosmos,

    rak,atwilight

    enineteenth

    fsi teen,be-

    epressionare

    world.Inour

    swhodid

    anddrive

    eenoutstripped,

    korthodo and

    sceptics has

    nite lymoree cit ing

    elidsupon

    andthebodyupona

    putednot

    s,but theele-

    property,

    .Theyhave

    enlyasthe

    dtheology

    hilosophers

    i r

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    damnedthe

    ernmenmove

    yamongtheir

    sofnational

    tythat would

    dderlikeanun

    Andthelast

    atumaliaof

    goesfurthest

    sofar,the

    ralvalidityof

    obedience

    amongpirates,

    n theliteral

    atts orMessrs

    erinthewhole

    ch atre-

    evitalityof

    redwiththis,it

    eRedSea

    esundid stand

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    cedwiththe

    evolutionists

    idealsoffamily

    rrorina

    , w hocanridthemselves

    ctsoftheman

    lingto thevery

    nnot ridthem-

    wo orthree

    swrittenin

    henrealised,

    mningand

    cedrationalist

    ystrickenwitha

    n,seestheim-

    niesofthisage

    f athousand

    lievesfora

    ngshanded

    nturiesmay,

    vestherevolu-

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    begunto

    bovesug-

    elongstothe

    hlybedescribed

    ththe irstrange

    t appalling

    atributeto

    do iescould

    arkableto

    both the

    underthe

    ctualtheoryof

    allitskindred

    aracterisedby

    essandnecessity

    or it.A

    usane tra-

    mentsabout the

    htheaccuracyis

    sthecon dence.

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    otest against

    aphrasingat

    anis discussing

    himstate rst o f

    theman

    ifhehade -

    rly.Hereisan

    nswer:

    r M as t er H i ms e lf s u m

    rciful, beyeperfect even

    a t he r i n th e

    perfect.

    erhaps,

    avesaide cept

    sicalmodernism

    r ld ; b u t t o s ay t h at i t

    it, islike

    Hepreferred

    It isasimple

    h.Theauthor

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    rdshavemeant

    usandpeople,

    ectshadpara-

    yashe,he

    ete t uponw hich

    pamphlet in

    annot heleft

    thereare mis-

    atters.Here

    philosophically

    y content our-

    de ny in g: T he f th

    shouldtake

    e samekind

    eigncountries,

    odonot

    eanantipathy

    ertaintowards

    whoare in

    Ishouldverymuch

    wholeofthe

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    tor ndsthis

    moralproposi-

    hesamekind

    foranother.

    a lly toldthat therewere

    peciallyloved.

    Hethought

    ught ofHis

    onalcity

    e highest

    B eho ldan

    Theauthorhassimply

    nct things.

    velovefor all

    uallove forall

    esame lovefor

    ngnonsense.

    impressionhe

    tallydifferent

    dbyanother

    akofhaving

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    bothisabout

    anwhether

    msorbilliards.

    ty Henever

    elovedmen.

    secan love

    ngagigantic

    that the

    etothinkof an

    onisthat their

    allove,alove

    dby theirown

    dbean insult

    alllies in

    ptheteaching

    nto verules. It

    missesthemost

    ftheteaching-

    heabyssbe-

    oderninter-

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    hat beerand

    g.W herever

    thinginvolves

    eakercouldlive

    reliesthegerm

    W henW illiam

    ysthat love is

    v iousthat heassertsin

    nce,politics,am-

    rriages,concerts,

    or-knockers,

    alsandanyother

    abulateare

    Khayyamsays:

    esunderneaththebough,

    ndthou

    wilderness

    diseenow .

    ullyasmuch

    hetically.He

    aysthat he

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    hingwas

    nk. x amples

    lieda hundred-

    inelypoetical

    as theone

    om e a nd r s t b e gi n ni n g

    n ds

    worththewearof

    eo f f riends.

    ampleof the

    alltrue oy

    sofasceticism.

    uldhappen

    nlosethesense

    oyw hichisbe ing

    telybeginto

    t oygloomyand

    ormidable

    alledthe

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    setheydenied

    oflibertyand

    wellcallthe

    aymelancholy

    elves,asarule,

    dmeditation.

    ample is, how -

    ouldhappen

    ishathletics

    blicschools

    nceshould

    competitive

    hysique,if

    o anattitude

    ndifferenceto-

    ort,thenit is

    ppen. uture

    atethat inthe

    ctoriayoungmen

    gew eresub ected

    ustorture.

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    ntastic

    nwine or

    bitrari ly x ed

    tainbrutal

    ls. B igotsinsistedon

    oursand

    eldsforno

    edtheirhea lth

    n,manydied

    trueandir-

    nglandisan

    monasticr ules.

    emselvesand

    nglishathleti-

    ceand one

    ofsport; w e

    giousoffices.

    theonecaseand

    ther.

    mainsiswhat

    Christianascetics

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    asmerelythe

    epossibility

    ordinarye ample

    ssthemain

    earelooking

    see onlythe

    ddominant

    iseofChristi-

    riseof self-

    pessimism.It

    hat themereasser-

    nfounding

    usticeandmercy

    ptimism t to

    detailover

    madw ith oy

    theonly thing

    ment.Thewhite

    world,the

    theirorder.

    etreefell and

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    ntainsandthe

    esedisconnected

    bleob ectswere

    arfulconspiracy

    sschemeof

    fN aturewas

    edisperfectly

    tenablethat

    insist,how-

    ttertail

    theascetics

    heygaveup

    oran eternity

    that thebare

    fhappiness

    ousandtimes

    ousandpagan

    eof ranciso fA ssisi

    his out; nor

    characterof

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    etoneofade-

    albookisan

    onot lookinit

    r thesame

    kinalove-

    woman,

    tionsof mind

    their

    alquan-

    ecause the

    nablackline.

    hiscon ict

    ein poetry,

    essfule -

    d,forinstance,in

    Spenser.The

    st indecipherable,

    ruponwhite.

    Mr

    ncisprimarilyas

    ciscanOrder. We

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    ,perhapsa

    t hewas

    eminorthings

    dChristianity.

    ork of rancisis

    d,forthis

    almost madden-

    wasoneofthe

    fulmenthat ever

    d.It isthe

    ret ofsuchmen

    hemselves,and

    ruth.W ork-

    sarethronged

    emselves.Of

    ay that the

    hisprofound

    t isthelack

    ybeenthecurse

    eons. rancis

    yonemust be

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    t the ircommon

    hewas.He

    mperortodraw

    sof hisl itt le

    Heusedtota lk toany

    t about their

    togive reinto

    wasanin-

    sstherobbers

    d hi m , a s t he p h ra s e go e s.

    theydiscovered

    t ro u nd t h em , a nd d i s-

    side ofsecret

    sasprimarily

    ciscanOrder,

    ativewith

    historyof

    whichiscertainly

    .Hedis-

    ybetweenthe

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    derliessomuch

    mandthe idea lo f

    rwhollyvanished

    ut hedoes

    t must befor

    problemof

    rthee cellent

    utsiderhedoes

    lemat a ll.

    ,thereisa

    ntheposition

    essedinlo f tier

    anyearthly

    t laughterisas

    hismonksthe

    everforgot

    asit ashed

    erasit fellfrom

    s, perhaps, thehappiest

    hismanun-

    olepolityon

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    hinkthemost

    inhisthreevows

    bedience,he

    ehe lovedmost,

    .W hywasit

    edandpoetic

    eirmost con-

    eawfulrenuncia-

    o lovedw hereall

    nd himselfwhere

    yw asheamonk ,

    hesequestions

    weredfullyhere,

    stheyought a t

    w ehavea

    answeredwe

    ndthat muchof the

    f ourswas

    withthemonks.

    manaffairs

    es lifeblack

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    rtywhichsees

    partywhich

    tselfw ithsacri ce

    sfullof theblaze

    the party

    ow ersandlights

    causeit stands

    ncalculable

    ,and the

    hemonkswho

    ppiness,and

    fromMr

    , theclearandtranquil

    ad a n e a nd

    usof rancis.

    e perfection

    howninhis

    b r ot h er , a n d th e wa t er

    i n t he q u ai n t d e ma g og i c de t e ri t y

    ontothe shes

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    w er e s av e d in t h e l o od .

    dgraphic

    sappointments

    uborbeast that he

    g,hisgeniushas

    hat ofB ums.

    ak nessofB urns

    sionalmorbidity,

    nonhimself,the

    anerandmore

    rancis,like

    iedakindof

    hefamousre-

    A lice in

    V V h y no t? i mp re ss es u s

    uld not see

    oodtermswith

    and

    reoftheMiddle

    gintolook

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    HIS

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    einventedsome

    to bethe

    nironmonger, his

    noblepattern,

    o f theC ross.

    mMorris,

    not thelimita-

    n.It istrue

    iterarywork,

    ive,hadin some

    plendidwall-

    tories,his

    s,had,inthe

    gthandbreadth

    medreallyto

    oyaperfectly

    madenoaccount o f the

    osivepossibil itieso f

    meableterrors,

    ablehopes.So

    ulinevery

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    ehad the

    at thechestnut

    vedagainst

    nd,hewould

    ouldbe,no

    ttedforadecor-

    w ereapieceof

    dboard.

    klittleaccount

    umannature- -

    peak,ofhuman

    und, it isa ltogether

    samereaesthete.

    cnecessity

    o ica lly . Thediff iculty

    soneso im-

    tobeseparated

    sbeforewecan

    stheproblem

    rateugliness

    sofcenturies.

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    absurdityofthe

    onstrous

    owaspre-

    singthestrangest

    auties,who

    eryaureo leof

    alcalm ofthe

    lf,byafarcical

    ckcoat,and

    ot hat.-He

    mlessmanwho

    aiment should

    est,ablackand

    ficult to

    se ofugliness

    rought forth

    fcenturies.In

    not,perhaps,

    lyasapillar-

    st unmeaning

    hick ness ust

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    itsco louristhe

    -a fat andsoul-

    uchofbloodor

    le t o f d ea d m en s s i n s.

    ateverwhysuch

    ssanob ect full

    e-houseofa

    essofa thousand

    dhadsuchan

    that it would

    thesevere,but

    o f thegodof le tter-

    hristianshad

    vehadaniche

    ldenaureoleofSt R ow -

    s.As it is,there

    orners,disguis-

    ifulofideas

    posterousof

    that the

    ot beensuchan

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    nationaswere

    meninthe

    oldthat the

    orleagues

    ggedat its

    ghinghuman

    n beentoldthat

    pulverising

    T h e Tw o pe n ny T u be ,

    ownthe reof

    half-witted

    uldhavebeen

    eperceptionofwhat

    celement in

    doubtedly,the

    it requiresa

    maginationtoseean

    veryside.The

    riedout his

    thecircum-

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    ant.Our

    derour feet

    ,andour

    sofasseemed

    theirownwild

    mandrugged

    andstrong

    on.So

    beenther evolu-

    most every

    aditstaste

    slyimproved,

    earlyV ictorian

    orealisethe

    hthat art,or

    netimesout of

    uglier than

    e c o if f ur e o f

    l-paperofa

    0.

    cent asw asthe

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    rris,therewas

    mit to it . It didnot l ie

    olutionwas

    hthiswasa

    spartialfailure.

    gthedressesof

    upholsteredlik earm-

    rpedlikew omen,

    dit, hew ouldho ld

    e costumes

    leAges.

    essiveand

    verseemedto

    me ofChaucer

    t therewas

    fmoralweakness

    uldhave

    singthemselves

    menat the

    gthemselves

    customof the

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    uldnot have

    t all.Whatever

    ormanners

    allyout ofthe

    o lead.And

    dthat any

    of modern

    yandnaturally

    prefertolead.

    ithout hintsand

    nthegrowing

    thletic costumes.

    willbenosub-

    n lifeinto

    ancy-dress

    rris sw ork lay

    ybest suggest

    wnheart.Of

    formed,none,

    yandsolidly

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    st forthe

    mankind.He

    showingthat

    deepest truth

    rdofmen s

    ingdetailsmay

    ynot haveclimbed

    illedsotall

    chthingsthat

    a fardif ferent

    everymodern

    thefatherof

    sciousness,hypo-

    earstous

    onecontains

    eoldstory,

    , o fB eautyand

    n,withall the

    ure,the

    that untilwe

    sswe cannot

    .< .~ n1.

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    stheweak

    a reformer:

    modernlife,

    life,instead

    is indeed

    ck enough

    pse,blazing

    ring with

    essthepoet can

    ashe is,can

    citement his

    j o i e- d e- v iv r e,

    natomyand

    usheart,he

    ethebeast into

    sdisadvantage

    stlyachild

    hecouldnot

    ,andconse-

    ydevelopit.

    s tremendous

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    ce intheaestheticw orld

    e oftheArts

    s, whicharesteeped

    apelinthat

    at the

    aestheticshows,

    argemassof

    edecorativeschool

    sanoble

    touchof

    cessarythings,

    touchedare

    gsthat always

    ndedthemselves

    ereare

    ountains,

    hairs,beautiful

    earenomodern

    ereareno

    utifulletter-

    s,beautifulbicycles.

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    ishasnot

    andmade

    eautiful.And

    s healthi-

    t thesu-

    ugliness of

    k fromtheB east

    erent end-

    Morris sdeepest

    at reformer:

    plete.There

    fthat amanis

    rrenandbrilliant,

    perfectly.A

    ntiontoneeds

    yearswemay

    moredaring

    it ion. Init w e

    mourofthe

    achineryofthe

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    _ l > - - 61 . -_ _ _

    allbewrought

    t toholdthe

    A pil lar-bo sha llbe

    resemblematicalo f the

    dthesilence

    ilwaysignals,

    ost poetical,

    nddeath,shall

    msonworthyof

    rvice.B ut

    nuinemove-

    beauty not

    doestrulycome

    rst prophet o f

    nations,

    stiesofart,

    wiserlife,his

    willberemem-

    soncemore

    oyant co loursandproved

    greyofthe

    ' -_ _" - T -- : . -

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    _ _ I :._. _-_ -__ -_

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    ver,which

    sa llegedgloomis

    ehadhis

    asawriter,

    a inhisgospelin

    r i s m er e ly p i ti f ul . I f

    ltedina Sartor

    uldbeavastlymore

    Diseasesdo

    enthedecadent

    hypart ofhis

    sprivatefaultsand

    hat inthesame

    ionofevery

    usit issure lyvery

    hereourhonest

    nalpredilec-

    mpt todenounce

    gotist cannot

    pureinability

    g o s pe l . R u sk i n, s a ys

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    lthesame, verilybelieve

    edonly inhimself .

    onbetween

    odandthe

    ood.Carlyle

    ecouldnot

    orethanRuskin

    inGod,because

    gelsefellinto

    swereperman-

    heretheyboth

    od orin

    heyfailedinbelief

    noughfora

    message he

    bility.Christ,

    esley,MrGladstone,

    ndescribable

    certainfaculty

    nastheir

    asonandgood

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    thout conde-

    icityofcon-

    inGod, but inthe

    ackingin

    credit C arly le s

    bsolutely

    found

    ssenseof theunity

    ofa

    hasthesame

    ntheHebrew

    r. A manmust bevery

    t hisdiv inity .

    elysuggestinga

    gue,half-

    pingtowards

    ,wouldeverthink

    hematter. B ut to

    religionwas

    ntainora

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    w egoon, if

    tliness,at least

    yleto

    at hewasthe

    alism amove-

    modern

    ssaidin these

    luelessnessof

    ogic isnot

    asaweapon

    gup an

    buildlike

    rdinonehand

    r.The

    tivequality,is

    sthesword.

    tualintellectual

    pletothecon-

    valuableas a

    terminatelogicians.

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    rueenoughin

    suptheposition

    gic isa

    it isused

    ut anhonest

    eoplesay that you

    c,theyare not

    .W hat they

    eanythingby

    sticingratitude

    ane tra -

    henamefor an

    nt istheabuse

    uswespeak

    n e rv e s, w h ic h

    ingabout a

    ngers. Wespeak

    a nd d ig es ti on w he n we m ea n

    absenceof

    mannerwe

    c, when

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    dangerof

    t thelimitation

    erthrowoflogic

    eeperandsome-

    fthegreat

    t theybring

    herwords,are

    ault isthat

    icalhabit they

    aretwopartsof

    t h e r s t t h e c h oo s in g

    secondthe

    manity,ifit

    ntlytothestudy

    ertain tendency

    dassumption.

    antlyonemay

    nrationalistic

    Hedidnot

    hich he

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    T h e wh o le o f h is c a se r e st e d

    tw opeculia rit ies

    curiousinthe

    nishing,again,

    ationalists

    opic,apparently

    edeepas-

    nglost their

    alcolour and

    sassumption. or

    ueabout whether

    andnever

    t all,that

    hiswhole

    anshould,

    withequal

    udices,whilethe

    chdutyat

    man asan

    es,asabird

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    estartled

    mentsbut as-

    hedasideall

    of thenine-

    ncontrovertible,

    every different

    knewto be

    dy less

    g,andmore

    onsuponwhich

    erehisviewwas

    asalwaysa

    cent heresy. He

    stulatesupon

    sed itself.He

    esswhichassumed

    fthanthepeople

    hetherwewere

    e twelfthcen-

    ndedentirely

    deservedto be.

    - -~ - -- - "

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    peciesof

    ort which

    oncivilisation

    theindividual

    eencalleda

    fthe truth

    ected.Since

    ousliterature,

    anism, therehas

    es thesoul

    ggested,a

    swithhim,as

    ors,only

    mon-sense.

    ensealikeconsist

    ceofcertain

    chcannot be

    evenformally

    mmon-sense

    sthat weall

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    hhaveno

    pt aspostulates.

    dconsist inbreak ing

    new,tothese

    sanities.

    hkingsa

    intained,they

    t everyman

    kingand

    itizenshipfor

    y.Ifinequality

    ss,it wasa

    heverystrength

    oworship,

    nethesmallest

    dbythose

    esinwhich he

    preferencefor

    whichwerea

    dwithhis

    sphilosophy,

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    y imbibedthenotionthat

    o fheroworshipw as

    edsubmissiontostern

    atteroffact,

    about some

    nhumane

    ewisnot

    gar andsilly

    dedanddriven

    humannature

    mentally

    eventhe

    lovea leader

    dtoprefer

    nhespeaksof

    C arlyle stone

    elthat forthe

    admirationof

    chesthevergeof

    ewas acidand

    sutterances, his

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    humane,it

    admiredgreat

    pscorrectly,

    heyweremore

    eevilside of

    arlyleandhisreligion

    nsist inthe

    urandsuccess

    ndeed,it is

    n.W here

    sin thefact

    odernman,is

    eofthat

    lgarlycalled

    lehog. Ofteninmatters

    isasingularly

    blemodern

    sphilosophy ,

    erallof a

    dentsfor

    dreassert some

    _ -g m _- _ _

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    isathing

    ivelylittlein

    andHorace,

    ewerepessimists

    ly,andoptimists

    ut theoptimist

    provethat gout

    himdancewith

    fto-daytoprove

    supperconvulse

    uish.Carlyle

    ththismania

    ewishedto

    warsofthe

    riot at Donny-

    peciesof insane

    schieferrors,

    sms.Let us

    e sdefenceof

    culousthing,

    ndinmoral

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    heonly

    nforapplying

    icaldefenceof

    ,ofcourse,

    t slaveryhas

    witharis-

    lmost its

    chCarlyle

    dershave

    hat afew

    yand rmly

    interestsof

    snot even

    ent forthe

    sapossession

    forthegood

    cyusesthe

    eweak slavery

    ce ofthe

    omanas a

    rmlybelieved

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    -

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