giving an effective for and against speech. engaging the audience. factors of attention. phrases to...
DESCRIPTION
This presentation covers the rhetorical structure of a For-and-against speech and includes tips on how to engage the audience and how to close your speech effectively. It lists 9 factors of attention that any speaker has to consider before giving a speech. The presentation guides you through every step of developing your next speech, from opening your speech to closing it. The presentation also includes useful phrases and linking words to order your arguments, to provide your opinion, to express disagreement or doubt, to be evasive, to talk about pros and cons and to summarize your speech.TRANSCRIPT
FOR
Developed by Alina DashkevichBackground by freepptbackgrounds.net
andAGAINST
speech
The rhetorical structure
Opening
•Grab the attention, engage the listeners, introduce the subject
Opinion
+arguments
•Clearly state your opinion and provide supporting arguments
Opposin
g view
+ argument
s
•Clearly state the opposing viewpoint and supporting arguments, point out the insufficiency of these arguments
Conclusio
n
•Restate your opinion and summarize the main points
When thinking about your arguments
• Think about your audience
Audience
• Understand their point of view and their perception of the subject
Their point of view
• Think what obstacles prevent your audience from seeing the subject from your point of view.
Obstacles
• Write down each obstacle and explain the way of understanding that gets around each obstacle.
Get around the obstacles
Extra tips
• Use linking words to
make the transition
between the
arguments smooth
• A good argumentative speech will include at least three arguments
Each argument consists of…
A TOPIC SENTENCE – state
the argument
ELABORATION - a specific example that
supports the argument
How to engage audience?
Pose a thought-provoking question
Make an interesting or controversial statement
Recount a joke
Recite a relevant quotation
Show the scope of the issue (Why should I
care?)
Parallel sentences
Remember the factors of attention
Humor
Relevance
Intensity
Remember the factors of attention
Repetition
Novelty
Compare/Contrast
Remember the factors of attention
Visuals
Narratives
Examples
How to close your speech?
Summarize the main points of your speech
Provide some further food for thought for your
listeners
Leave your audience with positive memories of your
speech
End with a final thought/emotion (what do you want the audience to
remember?)
To order your arguments
Firstly-secondly-finally
to begin/to start with - next - lastly
first of all - and also
let me begin by pointing out - and besides
in addition to this - furthermore /
moreover
To order your arguments
Essentially, the problem is
...
to top it all
basically besides
above all -what is more
To express your argument
That is a very important point.
I couldn't agree more.
That seems reasonable. admittedly / admitting this
This can only / not be accepted if / on condition that / in case / unless …
To provide your opinion
In my opinion / view
To my mind/As I see
it …
It seems to me that … (> tentative)
I feel / think / believe that …
(> neutral)
I have the feeling / the
impression that …
I rather think that …
I am sure that …
I am convinced that …(> strong)
certainly / surely/
possibly
To provide your opinion
In my opinion / view
To my mind/As I see
it …
It seems to me that …
(> tentative)
I feel / think / believe that …
(> neutral)
I have the feeling / the
impression that …
I rather think that …
I am sure that …
I am convinced that …(> strong)
certainly / surely/
possibly
To express agreement
I agree (completely/entirely)
I think you are quite right.
I think so, too.
I don’t think so, either.
That’s exactly what I think.
That’s just what I was thinking.
To express agreement
Yes, definitely.
That’s right.
I see your point.
That seems reasonable.
To a certain degree.
Yes, up to a point…
To express disagreement or doubt
Nevertheless/still
Even so.
Yet/ however
I don’t think so.
I don’t agree with you.
I can’t agree, I am afraid.
To express disagreement or doubt
That’s how I see it.
I disagree (completely).
I don’t agree at all.
I don’t quite agree here.
I cannot accept your view that...
I cannot share this view.
To express disagreement or doubt
That seems obvious that…
Do you really think so?
I wouldn’t say so.
I don’t know.
I am not quite so sure.
Although
To state something as a fact
There can be no doubt that
…
It is a fact that ...
Everyone knows that...
Indeed/actually
To be evasive
I am afraid I can’t give you a definite answer at present.
Sorry to sound evasive, but there is no straightforward answer to that.
I would need more information to answer your
question.
To summarize your argument
To conclude
In conclusion
It follows from this that … To sum up
So/therefore
Talking about Pros and Cons
On the one hand/on the other hand.
There are two sides to this question.
An argument for this would be…
Others against it are…
Some people think..., others say …
However/ yet/ but
Picture credits
www.clevelandseniors.comblogs.msdn.com
www.abcteach.comelclavo.com
www.wordstream.comrapsandreps.blogspot.com
www.futurelibrariansuperhero.comwww.gograph.comwww.gograph.comcreamshoes.co.uk
www.favl.orgwww.personal.psu.edu
blog.educalab.es
blogs.msdn.comwww.sodahead.com
www.allycon.comwww.hendricksappraisal.com
www2.ect.go.thikalynn.com
www.sandiskrecovery.netmsmill78.wikispaces.com
www.123rf.comlacienciaysusdemonios.com
grist.orgmooseexchange.orgj-mp.wikispaces.com
leaderscove.comwww.buncee.com