gis in development sector
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
1/19
Click to edit Master subtitle style
7/13/12
GIS in DevelopmentSector
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
2/19
7/13/12
GIS definitions
Demers, 2000: GIS are tools that allowfor the processing ofspatial data intoinformation, generally informationtied explicitly to, and used to make
decision about, some portion of theearth.
A data input subsystem
A data storage and retrievalsubsystem
A data manipulation and analysis
subsystem
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
3/19
7/13/12
Development Development is defined as the modification of the
biosphere and the application of human, financial,
technologies, living and non-living resources to satisfyhuman needs and improve the quality of life of the human
race (Erskine, 1987).
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
4/19
7/13/12
Indiaoccupies2.4
%of
theworld'slandareaand
supportsover17
.5%of
theworld'spopu
lation.
Rural
Population
UrbanPopulation
Asperthe2001
census,72
.2%ofthe
populationlivesin
about638,000
villages
andtheremain
ing
27.8%livesinm
ore
than5,100town
sand
over380urban
agglomerations.
India
This scenario showcases thefact that in spite of being
blessed with all the resourcesand capabilities of developing
at a very fast rate why are westill lagging behind in the
development process.
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
5/19
Being a developing economy, Indiafaces a series of problems, whichstill challenge the Planningprocesses. To name a few:
Population
Poverty
Illiteracy
Public Health
Transportation
Agriculture
Challenges Faced
Looking at the gravity of the situationplanners and managers should focus on
development through sustainable means.
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
6/19
7/13/12
Sustainable developmentis a pattern of resourceuse that aims to meet human needs while preserving the
environment so that these needs can be met not only in thepresent, but also for future generations.
Sustainable Development
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
7/19
7/13/12
GIS in Sustainable Development
PoseQuestions
Form aHypothesis
DesignExperiment
Communicate
DrawConclusions
Collect &InterpretData
`
Stakeholders
Spatial Planning
Integration
Participation
Monitoring
Adaptive Management
GIS in an integratingmultidisciplinary tool thatbrings together informationand experts from diverse
and disparatebackgrounds.
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
8/19
7/13/12
GIS in Sustainable Development | SpatialPlanning
All levels of planningincluding Urban planning Regional planning Environmentalplanning
National plans International Plans
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
9/19
7/13/12
Different ecological, economic, and social points of view andinterests.
Bringing together existing information about the managed andunmanaged resources
Linking together the small scale and the large scale issues.
Evaluating the possible impacts and side effects of the foreseenmanipulations.
Recognizing the consequences of the planned actions. Synthesizing the existing scientific knowledge.
Linking managers, policy makers, scientists and the public.
GIS in Sustainable Development |Integration
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
10/19
7/13/12
Participation of all the concerned
parties in the management process.The stakeholders can be invited to helpset goals, analyze the situation, anddevelop improvements and solutions.
Stakeholders:
Government Departments
Scientists
NGOs
Financial Organizations People
GIS in Sustainable Development |Participation
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
11/19
7/13/12
Effective monitoring helps managers to
follow the consequences of their
interventions, be informed about unexpected
events, and
measure deviations from themanagement objectives.
Monitoring implies the measuring
and assessment of statistical data inrelation to time to determine whetheror not objectives or standards have
been met.
Mapping and analyzing statistical data:-
People living on less than INR 100
per day People living on less than INR 50
per day
People going to bed hungry everyday
People that die of starvation Children that die of malnutrition
GIS in Sustainable Development |Monitoring
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
12/19
7/13/12
GIS helps in planning process by giving a Bird's Eye view of the
whole scenario. GIS provides a whole new dimension (Global Regional Local) to
planning process
Maps are generated based on different attributes.
Whole data is converted in Quantifiable information
Reports are generated based on this data
Decision making process is optimized
Identification of deviations from the plans is much easier.
This helps in corrective efforts
Thus ensuring the success of plans
GIS in Sustainable Development |Benefits
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
13/19
7/13/12
Participatory Implementation
Participation of all stakeholders in : Policy Formulation Programme Design Fund Allocation Fund Disbursement Programme Implementation Monitoring & Evaluation
Citizen Portal powered by SpatialIntelligence
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
14/19
7/13/12
What GIS can help in PublicHealth?
Research Tools and Planning Constructing mathematical models
Service planning and optimisation
Making predictions Spatial Decision Support Systems
Infrastructure roads, towns, services
Census population statistics Medical resource (hospitals, clinics, available
beds)
Emergency Response Systems
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
15/19
7/13/12
Dr. John SnowsLondon Street Map (1854)
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htm (slide
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htmhttp://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htmhttp://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htmhttp://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/Snowpart2_files/frame.htm -
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
16/19
7/13/12
Modeling of DengueTransmission
Pictures from Dr. Dana A. Fockshttp://www.id-analysis.com/pages/
http://www.id-analysis.com/pages/http://www.id-analysis.com/pages/ -
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
17/19
7/13/12
Limitations of GIS
Communication Gaps betweenepidemiologists & spatial professionals
Require uniform data standards
Eg. Address recording 1/32 Main St. or Unit1 32 Main St.
Unit record data access
Consistent and meaningful areal units
Enable consistency & comparison
Privacy issues and spatiala re ation
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
18/19
7/13/12
Summary
GIS can provides spatialdimension to epidemiologicalresearch(visualization, modeling).
GIS can be used for many publichealth applications and services.(efficient allocation of health care resources,equity in accessibility to services)
Internet GIS can provide the publichealth information in real-time.(evaluation, decision support systems, emergency
-
7/31/2019 GIS in Development Sector
19/19
7/13/12
Thank You..!!