gis elk 14 basic concepts

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GIS Transmission Basics Tripob Luangrattanacharoen, 21 Feb 2013

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Page 1: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

GIS TransmissionBasics

Tripob Luangrattanacharoen, 21 Feb 2013

Page 2: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

System concepts:

• DTB

• Hybrid (MTS)

• GIS

GIS concepts:

• Single-phase enclosed

• Three-phase enclosed

• Combined single- and three-phase enclosed

Hybrid SS(SS Laufenburg, CH)

Combined single- andthree-phase enclosedGIS(ELK-14 / 252)

GIS BasicsBasic metal enclosed concepts

Month DD, Year | Slide 2© ABB Group

Page 3: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Reduced dimensions Increased Reliability Improved economics Extension of usage for

Outdoor Container Hybrid Mobile

Integration of modern digital bay control

Integration of latest sensor technology for voltage and current measurement

Integration of monitoring functions

GIS BasicsGIS Development

Month DD, Year | Slide 3© ABB Group

Page 4: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Metal Enclosed Product-Lines

Functional Integration

Valu

e C

reat

ion

DTB Circuit Breaker Current Transformer

GISCircuit BreakerCurrent TransformerVoltage TransformerDisconnectorEarthing SwitchBusbar / BusductsExitsHYBRID

Circuit Breaker Current Transformer Voltage Transformer Disconnector Earthing Switch

Page 5: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

• High center ofgravity

• Interrupter on high potential

• Low center ofgravity

• Interrupter atearthed potential

• Connection via bushings to high potential

Circuit BreakersAIS, DTB and GIS circuit breakers

© ABBMonth DD, YYYY | Slide 5

• Low center ofgravity

• Interrupter atearthed potential

• Connection via GIS componentsto otherequipments

Page 6: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 6

Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Overview

Low space requirement

Low environmental impact

Low Life Cycle Costs

High energy efficiency

High safety level

High quality standard

Page 7: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 7

Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Urban Centers GIS Installation

Installation in small buildingsSmall installation footprint for

expensive city areasInstallation near urban centersSupply of power on high

voltage level to city centers with high energy need

Aesthetic reasonsVandalism

Very compact substation

Your benefitsHigher acceptanceLower line losses Security

Page 8: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 8

Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Off-shore GIS Installation

ApplicationsWind parks, like Nord E.on 1Oil platformsFeaturesLong maintenance intervalsReliable, gas-insulated equipmentMost compact switchgear

Your benefitsNo outages at off-shore substationsCost savings by reduced space

Page 9: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 9

Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Container GIS Installation

Delivery of factory assembled GIS in a container housingApplicationsBypass existing substations that

need refurbishmentStrengthen grids on short notion

Your benefitsAll interfaces and integrated control cubicles

availableFast installationCivil engineering planning minimizedShort delivery timeSmall footprint

Page 10: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 10

Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Mobile GIS Installation

Delivery of factory assembled GISon a TruckApplicationsBypass existing substations that

need refurbishmentStrengthen grids on short notion

Your benefitsAll interfaces and integrated control cubicles

availableSmall footprintCan include all functions and power

transformerShort delivery time, Fast installation

Page 11: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Why:

To make it not visible (esthetic or security)

To save space or

To give unused space a efficient use

Where

Under a building

In a Park house

At a road underpass or road crossing

Under a park or in a green area

In a mountain

Speciality:

Underground, Earth work, Civil work

Costs

Cooling and HVAC (Transformer, Building)

Impact of electrical and magnetic fields

Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Underground GIS Substation

© ABBMonth DD, YYYY | Slide 11

Page 12: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 12

GIS References Dow Plaquemine, USA

Business case

Electrical infrastructure for operation of chemical plant

Strict regulations for safety and environmental protection

ABB solution

230 kV GIS substation with 15 bays in 1½-breaker arrangement

60 Hz, 4000 A, 63 kA

Customer benefits

Reliable electricity supply

Suitable for outdoor application

Resistant to environmental influences

Withstands hurricanes

Page 13: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 13

GIS References Manzanillo, Mexico

Business caseHighly reliable power supply for the entire state of

Colima and significantly for MexicoThermoelectric power plant at the seashorePeriodic earthquake activityReplacement of timeworn AISABB solution420 kV GIS substation with 10 bays in 1½-breaker

arrangementSeismic withstand capability testedCustomer benefitsSimilar GIS withstood a quake measuring 7.6 on

Richter scaleTrustworthy electrical supply, as blackouts became a

thing of the pastSafe and maintenance-free GISFree space after dismantling AIS

Year of commissioning: 2006

Page 14: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 14

GIS References Three Gorges HPP, China 三峡右岸水电站

Business case

High availability and reliability for total power transfer of 18.2 GW Space saving design

Efficient damping of switching overvoltage

ABB response

Delivery of total 39 + 34 bays (left and right bank) in 1½- circuit breaker arrangement

Substation integration into the dam in 3 elevation levels

Largest 550 kV GIS substation (each bank contains 400 m long GIS)

Customer benefits

Improved grid reliability

Reduced risk of energy shortage in eastern and central part of China

Page 15: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 15

ABB’s Action for SF6 Reduction

Minimize the handling losses:

manufacturing

installation

Service

Smart gas-segregation concept

-> avoid huge gas-compartments

-> insist on bay-wise gas-segregation

SF6 is a greenhouse gas, and losses shall be minimized

New generation of GIS have proven to be < 0.1% gas-leakage per year

Minimize the operation losses by:• Design improvements• Layout optimization• Quality process• Revised service strategy

• predictive maintenance of flanges for outdoor

• Reduced openings• Use of state of the art SF6

service equipment• Periodic training of people• Product development with

type-testingGIS consists of a closed pressure system

Page 16: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Function:

Interrupt continuous current

Interrupt short circuit current

Close on short circuit current

Interrupting principles

Self-blast (auto-puffer) breaker

Puffer breaker

Design parameters

Closing resistors for damping over voltages during closing long overhead lines

grading capacitors for equal voltage distribution of breakers with more than 1 interrupting unit

Line to ground capacitors for line breakers with high short circuit interruption current

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Circuit Breaker

Month DD, Year | Slide 16© ABB Group

Page 17: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 17

Auto PufferTwo gas volumes Less switching energy requiredAvailable for up to

170 kV 63 kA

PufferOne gas volume for arc

extinctionRobust and reliableAvailable for GIS up to

1100 kV 80 kA

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Circuit Breaker

Page 18: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

GIS BasicsCircuit breaker drive technologies

Month DD, Year | Slide 18© ABB Group

Page 19: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Functions

Isolating function for personnel safety during maintenance

Disconnecting window available (not required per IEC)

Power kinematic chain type test with 1.5 times the max. torque of the motor

Switching on and of without load

Switching of small portion of busbars (capacitive loads) less than 0.5 A

Due to the small speed of the disconnector, reignicionswill be produced, causing very fast transients

electrical parts and secondary equipment has to be protected against VFT

Busbar disconnector used in a DBB scheme must also be capable to switch transfer currents under a transfer voltage

In GIS it is 1600A at 40 V, but can also be higher (up to 80% of the rated current; voltage depending of layout)

The trend is going towards higher values

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Disconnector

Month DD, Year | Slide 19© ABB Group

disconnector

Page 20: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Definitions

Loop current is defined as:

80% of the rated current, but not exceeding 1600 A (is typically to be switched)

Tho loop voltage in GIS is appr. a factor of 10 lower compared to AIS/Hybrid (see below)

Exemple: Transfer load from disconnector 1 to disconnector 2

Step 1:• Close bus-coupler• Both busbar are

synchrounious

Step 2:• Close disconnector

2• Current is flowing

in both disconnectors (no preignition at low voltage)

Step 3: • open disconnector

1• 1600 A at 20 to

40 Volt producing born-off of contact with low-speed disconnector

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Disconnector: Bus Transfer Current

Month DD, Year | Slide 20© ABB Group

Page 21: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Functions and applications Reliable earthing of the High voltage,

active part in case of maintenance and/or repair

Short circuit current carrying capability of rated continuous (3 sec. or 1 sec) and peak withstand current

Optionally equiped with isolating function to have access to the active part for

Contact resistance measurement

Measurement of operating time of circuit breaker

Earth electroede often to be used for PD measurement (depending on design)

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Maintenance Earthing Switches

Month DD, Year | Slide 21© ABB Group

Page 22: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Functions and applications Reliable earthing of the High voltage, active part in case of

maintenance and/or repair

Short circuit current carrying capability of rated continuous (3 sec. or 1 sec) and peak withstand current

Switching of small capacitive and inductive coupling currents

Slow operating opening is sufficient for such requirements

Contacts have to be erosion resistive

Earthing switches which requires to close on short circuits or to earth bigger capacitive loads are called «fast acting earthingswitches», and are applied at

Line entrances

Long portions of busbars to eath big capacitances

Optionally equiped with isolating function to have access to the active part for

Contact resistance measurement

Measurement of operating time of circuit breaker

Earth electroede often to be used for PD measurement(depending on design)

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Fast Acting Earthing Switches

Month DD, Year | Slide 22© ABB Group

Page 23: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Functions and applications

Applied for measuring and protection purpose

State of the art technology is the inductive type of measuring principle for both, I and U.

Especially for I measurement, very high secondary burdens are still specified in many customer specs.

Are related to old protection relays

With today’s modern protection relays, the protection is «over-burdened» and is not working in an optimum range any more

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Instrument Transformers

Month DD, Year | Slide 23© ABB Group

Page 24: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Protection against

athmospheric overvoltage

Switching over-voltages

Location in AIS technology

At the line entrance

At the transformer entrance

Location in GIS technology

At transformers with transformer direct connections

At cable connections, if requested

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Arresters

Month DD, Year | Slide 24© ABB Group

Page 25: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

They are connect the bays with each other

In GIS normally we are using mainly

double-busbar schemes (high reliablity) or

SBB schemes (lower reliability for small substations or

1 1/2 CB schemes for very high reliablity

Active busbar: 1- or 3-pole insulated busbar including switching components in the active current path

ELK-14 / 300

Disconnector/Earthing switch in the busbarcompartment

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Busbars

Month DD, Year | Slide 25© ABB Group

Page 26: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Busduct has identical design to busbar used in GIS (at ABB)

Have much higher current currying capability compared to cable

Horizontal and vertical arrangement possible

All aluminum design – lightweight, reduced civil

No welding at site - no risk of flawed welding, no fire risk, no particle pollution requirements

Largest vertical gas compartment is 30 meters - no excessive static gas pressure

Complete preassembled and tested units – minimal site activity

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – GIL

Month DD, Year | Slide 26© ABB Group

Page 27: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Bushings with hollow insulators

Porcellan

Composite

RIP Bushings

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Exit Connections Bushings

Month DD, Year | Slide 27© ABB Group

Page 28: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 28

from cablesupplier

Benefits Cable-end box can be adjusted to any size of

the cable-end terminations Easy accessibility to remove the link

Main features:

Interface and limit of supply between GIS and cable manufacturer according IEC 62271-209 for fluid-filled or try type cable-end terminations

GIS and HV-cable can be tested independently

Additional flange available to apply a test bushing

GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Cable End Termination

Page 29: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 29

fromtransformersupplier

Main features:

Interface and limit of supply between transformer/reactor and GIS according IEC 61639

The GIS and the transformer can be tested independently by removing the link

Transfer of vibration from transformer tank into the GIS are prevented by:

Flexible copper straps

Spring assemblies

Benefits Efficient decoupling of transformer vibrations Space-saving transformer connection

GIS BasicsTransformer Connection

Page 30: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Function

Carry return current

Partitioning of gas compartment

Barrier of internal arc

Positioning and supporting of current conductor

Dielectric Isolation

Mechanical

Requirements

Resistant against thermal cycles

Withstand dielectric stress

Withstand mechanical stress

Low losses

Resistant against decomposition products

Partition insulator

Support insulator

GIS BasicsPartition & Support Insulators

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 30

Page 31: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Function

Mechanical support

High dielectric strength

Requirements

Withstand dielectric stress

Withstand mechanical load

Static

dynamic

Low losses

Resistant against decomposition products

Support insulator

GIS BasicsSupport Insulators for Switchgear

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 31

Page 32: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

GIS Basics

Altitude -> effects external insulation (correction factor ka)

Pollution

Temperature and humidity

a) −50 °C and +40 °C for very cold climates;

b) −5 °C and +55 °C for very hot climates.

Vibrations, shock or tilting

Wind speed

Special Service conditions

Month DD, Year | Slide 32© ABB Group

Page 33: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

GIS BasicsGIS Testing – Type Testing

Month DD, Year | Slide 33© ABB Group

The type tests are for the purpose of

• proving the ratings and characteristics of switchgear and control gear,

• their operating devices and

• their auxiliary equipment.

Page 34: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 34

Proving the conformity with

all required Type Tests

the design and construction guidelines

the routine testing

all internal manufacturing processes according the certified management system ISO 9000

Signed by an independent organization with technical experts

Benefits No additional approvals from external

consulting companies

High class type test reports with external witness

GIS Advantages and BenefitsProduct Certificate

Page 35: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

GIS BasicsGIS Testing – Routine Testing

Month DD, Year | Slide 35© ABB Group

The routine tests are for the purpose of

revealing faults in material or construction.

They do not impair the properties and reliability of a test object.

The routine tests shall be made wherever reasonably practicable at the manufacturer's works on each apparatus manufactured, to ensure that the product is in accordance with the equipment on which the type tests have been passed.

By agreement, any routine test may be made on site.

The routine tests given in this standard comprise

a) dielectric test on the main circuit in accordance with 7.1;

b) tests on auxiliary and control circuits in accordance with 7.2;

c) measurement of the resistance of the main circuit in accordance with 7.3;

d) tightness test in accordance with 7.4;

e) design and visual checks in accordance with 7.5.

Page 36: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

Purpose of HV tests onsite:

It is the last quality check, before the GIS will be put in service

Find all dielectric relevant damages and particles released during transportation, assembly errors and material defects.

It is not replacing the type-test, routine-test or any other type registration test

Type of errors located

Particles,

Edges

Parts, not connected to potential (floating)

Defects (voids, cracks, ….)

Wrong material

Metal enclosed test set-up

Open test set-up

GIS BasicsGIS Testing - Onsite Tests

Month DD, Year | Slide 36© ABB Group

Page 37: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts

ABB GIS >30y service lifeFailure rates

Month DD, Year | Slide 37© ABB Group

Page 38: GIS ELK 14 Basic Concepts