gis elk 14 basic concepts
DESCRIPTION
ABB GIS 230KVTRANSCRIPT
GIS TransmissionBasics
Tripob Luangrattanacharoen, 21 Feb 2013
System concepts:
• DTB
• Hybrid (MTS)
• GIS
GIS concepts:
• Single-phase enclosed
• Three-phase enclosed
• Combined single- and three-phase enclosed
Hybrid SS(SS Laufenburg, CH)
Combined single- andthree-phase enclosedGIS(ELK-14 / 252)
GIS BasicsBasic metal enclosed concepts
Month DD, Year | Slide 2© ABB Group
Reduced dimensions Increased Reliability Improved economics Extension of usage for
Outdoor Container Hybrid Mobile
Integration of modern digital bay control
Integration of latest sensor technology for voltage and current measurement
Integration of monitoring functions
GIS BasicsGIS Development
Month DD, Year | Slide 3© ABB Group
Metal Enclosed Product-Lines
Functional Integration
Valu
e C
reat
ion
DTB Circuit Breaker Current Transformer
GISCircuit BreakerCurrent TransformerVoltage TransformerDisconnectorEarthing SwitchBusbar / BusductsExitsHYBRID
Circuit Breaker Current Transformer Voltage Transformer Disconnector Earthing Switch
• High center ofgravity
• Interrupter on high potential
• Low center ofgravity
• Interrupter atearthed potential
• Connection via bushings to high potential
Circuit BreakersAIS, DTB and GIS circuit breakers
© ABBMonth DD, YYYY | Slide 5
• Low center ofgravity
• Interrupter atearthed potential
• Connection via GIS componentsto otherequipments
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 6
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Overview
Low space requirement
Low environmental impact
Low Life Cycle Costs
High energy efficiency
High safety level
High quality standard
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 7
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Urban Centers GIS Installation
Installation in small buildingsSmall installation footprint for
expensive city areasInstallation near urban centersSupply of power on high
voltage level to city centers with high energy need
Aesthetic reasonsVandalism
Very compact substation
Your benefitsHigher acceptanceLower line losses Security
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 8
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Off-shore GIS Installation
ApplicationsWind parks, like Nord E.on 1Oil platformsFeaturesLong maintenance intervalsReliable, gas-insulated equipmentMost compact switchgear
Your benefitsNo outages at off-shore substationsCost savings by reduced space
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 9
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Container GIS Installation
Delivery of factory assembled GIS in a container housingApplicationsBypass existing substations that
need refurbishmentStrengthen grids on short notion
Your benefitsAll interfaces and integrated control cubicles
availableFast installationCivil engineering planning minimizedShort delivery timeSmall footprint
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 10
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Mobile GIS Installation
Delivery of factory assembled GISon a TruckApplicationsBypass existing substations that
need refurbishmentStrengthen grids on short notion
Your benefitsAll interfaces and integrated control cubicles
availableSmall footprintCan include all functions and power
transformerShort delivery time, Fast installation
Why:
To make it not visible (esthetic or security)
To save space or
To give unused space a efficient use
Where
Under a building
In a Park house
At a road underpass or road crossing
Under a park or in a green area
In a mountain
Speciality:
Underground, Earth work, Civil work
Costs
Cooling and HVAC (Transformer, Building)
Impact of electrical and magnetic fields
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Underground GIS Substation
© ABBMonth DD, YYYY | Slide 11
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 12
GIS References Dow Plaquemine, USA
Business case
Electrical infrastructure for operation of chemical plant
Strict regulations for safety and environmental protection
ABB solution
230 kV GIS substation with 15 bays in 1½-breaker arrangement
60 Hz, 4000 A, 63 kA
Customer benefits
Reliable electricity supply
Suitable for outdoor application
Resistant to environmental influences
Withstands hurricanes
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 13
GIS References Manzanillo, Mexico
Business caseHighly reliable power supply for the entire state of
Colima and significantly for MexicoThermoelectric power plant at the seashorePeriodic earthquake activityReplacement of timeworn AISABB solution420 kV GIS substation with 10 bays in 1½-breaker
arrangementSeismic withstand capability testedCustomer benefitsSimilar GIS withstood a quake measuring 7.6 on
Richter scaleTrustworthy electrical supply, as blackouts became a
thing of the pastSafe and maintenance-free GISFree space after dismantling AIS
Year of commissioning: 2006
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 14
GIS References Three Gorges HPP, China 三峡右岸水电站
Business case
High availability and reliability for total power transfer of 18.2 GW Space saving design
Efficient damping of switching overvoltage
ABB response
Delivery of total 39 + 34 bays (left and right bank) in 1½- circuit breaker arrangement
Substation integration into the dam in 3 elevation levels
Largest 550 kV GIS substation (each bank contains 400 m long GIS)
Customer benefits
Improved grid reliability
Reduced risk of energy shortage in eastern and central part of China
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 15
ABB’s Action for SF6 Reduction
Minimize the handling losses:
manufacturing
installation
Service
Smart gas-segregation concept
-> avoid huge gas-compartments
-> insist on bay-wise gas-segregation
SF6 is a greenhouse gas, and losses shall be minimized
New generation of GIS have proven to be < 0.1% gas-leakage per year
Minimize the operation losses by:• Design improvements• Layout optimization• Quality process• Revised service strategy
• predictive maintenance of flanges for outdoor
• Reduced openings• Use of state of the art SF6
service equipment• Periodic training of people• Product development with
type-testingGIS consists of a closed pressure system
Function:
Interrupt continuous current
Interrupt short circuit current
Close on short circuit current
Interrupting principles
Self-blast (auto-puffer) breaker
Puffer breaker
Design parameters
Closing resistors for damping over voltages during closing long overhead lines
grading capacitors for equal voltage distribution of breakers with more than 1 interrupting unit
Line to ground capacitors for line breakers with high short circuit interruption current
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Circuit Breaker
Month DD, Year | Slide 16© ABB Group
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 17
Auto PufferTwo gas volumes Less switching energy requiredAvailable for up to
170 kV 63 kA
PufferOne gas volume for arc
extinctionRobust and reliableAvailable for GIS up to
1100 kV 80 kA
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Circuit Breaker
GIS BasicsCircuit breaker drive technologies
Month DD, Year | Slide 18© ABB Group
Functions
Isolating function for personnel safety during maintenance
Disconnecting window available (not required per IEC)
Power kinematic chain type test with 1.5 times the max. torque of the motor
Switching on and of without load
Switching of small portion of busbars (capacitive loads) less than 0.5 A
Due to the small speed of the disconnector, reignicionswill be produced, causing very fast transients
electrical parts and secondary equipment has to be protected against VFT
Busbar disconnector used in a DBB scheme must also be capable to switch transfer currents under a transfer voltage
In GIS it is 1600A at 40 V, but can also be higher (up to 80% of the rated current; voltage depending of layout)
The trend is going towards higher values
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Disconnector
Month DD, Year | Slide 19© ABB Group
disconnector
Definitions
Loop current is defined as:
80% of the rated current, but not exceeding 1600 A (is typically to be switched)
Tho loop voltage in GIS is appr. a factor of 10 lower compared to AIS/Hybrid (see below)
Exemple: Transfer load from disconnector 1 to disconnector 2
Step 1:• Close bus-coupler• Both busbar are
synchrounious
Step 2:• Close disconnector
2• Current is flowing
in both disconnectors (no preignition at low voltage)
Step 3: • open disconnector
1• 1600 A at 20 to
40 Volt producing born-off of contact with low-speed disconnector
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Disconnector: Bus Transfer Current
Month DD, Year | Slide 20© ABB Group
Functions and applications Reliable earthing of the High voltage,
active part in case of maintenance and/or repair
Short circuit current carrying capability of rated continuous (3 sec. or 1 sec) and peak withstand current
Optionally equiped with isolating function to have access to the active part for
Contact resistance measurement
Measurement of operating time of circuit breaker
Earth electroede often to be used for PD measurement (depending on design)
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Maintenance Earthing Switches
Month DD, Year | Slide 21© ABB Group
Functions and applications Reliable earthing of the High voltage, active part in case of
maintenance and/or repair
Short circuit current carrying capability of rated continuous (3 sec. or 1 sec) and peak withstand current
Switching of small capacitive and inductive coupling currents
Slow operating opening is sufficient for such requirements
Contacts have to be erosion resistive
Earthing switches which requires to close on short circuits or to earth bigger capacitive loads are called «fast acting earthingswitches», and are applied at
Line entrances
Long portions of busbars to eath big capacitances
Optionally equiped with isolating function to have access to the active part for
Contact resistance measurement
Measurement of operating time of circuit breaker
Earth electroede often to be used for PD measurement(depending on design)
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Fast Acting Earthing Switches
Month DD, Year | Slide 22© ABB Group
Functions and applications
Applied for measuring and protection purpose
State of the art technology is the inductive type of measuring principle for both, I and U.
Especially for I measurement, very high secondary burdens are still specified in many customer specs.
Are related to old protection relays
With today’s modern protection relays, the protection is «over-burdened» and is not working in an optimum range any more
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Instrument Transformers
Month DD, Year | Slide 23© ABB Group
Protection against
athmospheric overvoltage
Switching over-voltages
Location in AIS technology
At the line entrance
At the transformer entrance
Location in GIS technology
At transformers with transformer direct connections
At cable connections, if requested
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Arresters
Month DD, Year | Slide 24© ABB Group
They are connect the bays with each other
In GIS normally we are using mainly
double-busbar schemes (high reliablity) or
SBB schemes (lower reliability for small substations or
1 1/2 CB schemes for very high reliablity
Active busbar: 1- or 3-pole insulated busbar including switching components in the active current path
ELK-14 / 300
Disconnector/Earthing switch in the busbarcompartment
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Busbars
Month DD, Year | Slide 25© ABB Group
Busduct has identical design to busbar used in GIS (at ABB)
Have much higher current currying capability compared to cable
Horizontal and vertical arrangement possible
All aluminum design – lightweight, reduced civil
No welding at site - no risk of flawed welding, no fire risk, no particle pollution requirements
Largest vertical gas compartment is 30 meters - no excessive static gas pressure
Complete preassembled and tested units – minimal site activity
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – GIL
Month DD, Year | Slide 26© ABB Group
Bushings with hollow insulators
Porcellan
Composite
RIP Bushings
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Exit Connections Bushings
Month DD, Year | Slide 27© ABB Group
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 28
from cablesupplier
Benefits Cable-end box can be adjusted to any size of
the cable-end terminations Easy accessibility to remove the link
Main features:
Interface and limit of supply between GIS and cable manufacturer according IEC 62271-209 for fluid-filled or try type cable-end terminations
GIS and HV-cable can be tested independently
Additional flange available to apply a test bushing
GIS BasicsBasic Equipment – Cable End Termination
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 29
fromtransformersupplier
Main features:
Interface and limit of supply between transformer/reactor and GIS according IEC 61639
The GIS and the transformer can be tested independently by removing the link
Transfer of vibration from transformer tank into the GIS are prevented by:
Flexible copper straps
Spring assemblies
Benefits Efficient decoupling of transformer vibrations Space-saving transformer connection
GIS BasicsTransformer Connection
Function
Carry return current
Partitioning of gas compartment
Barrier of internal arc
Positioning and supporting of current conductor
Dielectric Isolation
Mechanical
Requirements
Resistant against thermal cycles
Withstand dielectric stress
Withstand mechanical stress
Low losses
Resistant against decomposition products
Partition insulator
Support insulator
GIS BasicsPartition & Support Insulators
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 30
Function
Mechanical support
High dielectric strength
Requirements
Withstand dielectric stress
Withstand mechanical load
Static
dynamic
Low losses
Resistant against decomposition products
Support insulator
GIS BasicsSupport Insulators for Switchgear
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 31
GIS Basics
Altitude -> effects external insulation (correction factor ka)
Pollution
Temperature and humidity
a) −50 °C and +40 °C for very cold climates;
b) −5 °C and +55 °C for very hot climates.
Vibrations, shock or tilting
Wind speed
Special Service conditions
Month DD, Year | Slide 32© ABB Group
GIS BasicsGIS Testing – Type Testing
Month DD, Year | Slide 33© ABB Group
The type tests are for the purpose of
• proving the ratings and characteristics of switchgear and control gear,
• their operating devices and
• their auxiliary equipment.
© ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 34
Proving the conformity with
all required Type Tests
the design and construction guidelines
the routine testing
all internal manufacturing processes according the certified management system ISO 9000
Signed by an independent organization with technical experts
Benefits No additional approvals from external
consulting companies
High class type test reports with external witness
GIS Advantages and BenefitsProduct Certificate
GIS BasicsGIS Testing – Routine Testing
Month DD, Year | Slide 35© ABB Group
The routine tests are for the purpose of
revealing faults in material or construction.
They do not impair the properties and reliability of a test object.
The routine tests shall be made wherever reasonably practicable at the manufacturer's works on each apparatus manufactured, to ensure that the product is in accordance with the equipment on which the type tests have been passed.
By agreement, any routine test may be made on site.
The routine tests given in this standard comprise
a) dielectric test on the main circuit in accordance with 7.1;
b) tests on auxiliary and control circuits in accordance with 7.2;
c) measurement of the resistance of the main circuit in accordance with 7.3;
d) tightness test in accordance with 7.4;
e) design and visual checks in accordance with 7.5.
Purpose of HV tests onsite:
It is the last quality check, before the GIS will be put in service
Find all dielectric relevant damages and particles released during transportation, assembly errors and material defects.
It is not replacing the type-test, routine-test or any other type registration test
Type of errors located
Particles,
Edges
Parts, not connected to potential (floating)
Defects (voids, cracks, ….)
Wrong material
Metal enclosed test set-up
Open test set-up
GIS BasicsGIS Testing - Onsite Tests
Month DD, Year | Slide 36© ABB Group
ABB GIS >30y service lifeFailure rates
Month DD, Year | Slide 37© ABB Group