gina gnss for innovative road applications : accuracy and reliability of egnos/galileo for road user...

GINAGNSS for INnovative road Applications : ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES

GNSS for INnovative road Applications

03/09/2009

2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference, Baška, Krk Island, Croatia

2nd GNSS Vulnerabilities and Solutions Conference , Croatia 2009

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1. Introduction

2. The GINA project approach and innovation

3. The use of integrity in road pricing

4. The project trials

5. Conclusions

CONTENTS

GINA: ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF EGNOS/GALILEO FOR ROAD USER CHARGING AND VALUE ADDED SERVICES

INTRODUCTION



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INTRODUCTION (I)

Growth in passenger car fleet in UE + PND “boom”=>applications beyond navigation possible

Big challenges in the road sector:

– Safety– Infrastructure financing– Congestion and pollution

Different applications

– Road Pricing– Value Added Services: Pay As You Drive (PAYD), info-mobility etc.

Still obstacles for large scale take off of these services

– Large scale GNSS-based Road Pricing technical and economical feasibility not proven yet

– Need to understand benefits related to congestion and pollution management– Need to demonstrate the potential of VAS running on same platform– GPS performances



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INTRODUCTION (II)Electronic Fee Collection systems (urban and highways) are operational today and will be common practice in EU in the future

GNSS is a competitor technology wrt DSRC with clear advantages due to its flexibility and cost-efficiency for wide networks:

– German Toll Collect: today– Dutch national scheme (ABvM) y UK; Congestion Charging in London

and others under definition (France, Sweden, Slovakia...)

Still some questions concerning the large scale deployment of a GNSS-only based road pricing system and other value added services

GINA will address these obstacles and will progress in bringing GNSS-based Road Pricing and VAS a step closer to maturity

GINA will address the adoption of EGNOS/GALILEO in the road sector considering the technical feasibility of the concept on a large scale, its economic viability and positive impacts on congestion and pollution


THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION



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THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(I)– GINA: project co-funded by GSA/EC,

FP7 GALILEO Call 1, coordinated by GMV

– Collaborative Project, Activity: Exploiting the full potential, Area: Mass Market Applications, Topic: GALILEO-2007-1.1-01 Innovative GNSS-based Road Applications

– GINA: Collaborative Project 24 months 2.2 M€ (~1.3 M€ funded) 12 partners from 7 countries, whole

value chain coverage



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THE GINA PROJECT APPROACH AND INNOVATION(II) GINA main objectives:

Analysis of the context (legal, regulatory, interoperability, standardisation) of a nation-wide GNSS-based RUC (and VAS on same platform) with especial emphasis on market and business potential aspects for a commercially feasible solution

Trials: implementation of a large-scale demonstrator of GNSS-based Road Pricing at national level and VAS (PAYD for car leasing companies and traffic information generation, modelling and provision) using the Dutch ABvM as a reference

A solid dissemination strategy. Not another proof-of-concept: progress in the adoption of the

use of GNSS (EGNOS, Galileo) in the road sectorEGNOS OBUs calculating positions with integrity (validated in

CLoCCS, ABvM)Demonstration of “real” applications: ABvM and end users (ARVAL)

requirements Proposed solution close to commercialization and subject to be

adopted and replicated in other countries 1 OBU –multiple services


THE USE OF INTEGRITY IN ROAD PRICING



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THE USE OF GNSS FOR ROAD USER CHARGING

GNSS allows for flexibility and cost-efficiency in large-scale RUC schemes

2 major challenges:

Satellite positioning originally developed for situations where user is assisted by technology – In contrast, a charging scheme less likely to be treated friendly by users

Inherent weaknesses in satellite positioning: in some applications (e.g. navigation) mitigated with human information processing in automated systems (e.g. tolling) legal implications

=>challenge of using navigation grade components for financial grade systems


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CHARGING SCHEMES AND “GEO-OBJECTS”Different Charging Schemes identified (distance based, time-based, zone based….)

GP0

GP1GP2

GP3

GP4

GP5

In all schemes a basic first step is to identify whether the vehicle is using the infrastructure -> “geo object” which, when vehicle is inside, triggers the charging:

Cordon; Virtual Gantry; Segment

Geo-object identification to define total fixed charge (London) or special tariffs(e.g. price per kilometer in the Dutch system)

GNSS (alone or combined with other sensors) is also used in distance based systems (to measure the distance driven)

The Geo-object identification is critical: Incorrect identification can have and impact in the charge computation



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MISSION REQUIREMENTS

What are the numerical values associated to those requirements?

Thus, the basic use of GNSS is to identify whether (and when) the vehicle is within the geo-object. Potential use also as measurement of travelled distance

In this approach two main mission requirements appear:

A high percentage of the vehicles that are within the geo-object have to be identified as such: charging AVAILABILITY

Example of

not fulfilment

Erro

r

Real Position

GNSS Position

Real Position

Example of

not fulfilment

Error

GNSS Position

An extremely low percentage of the vehicles that are not within the geo-object can be identified as within the object: OVERCHARGING probability



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THE REQUIREMENTS (EFC)

No overall consensus

EC EFC documentation reviewed by Expert Group 9 (11/2006):

Charging Availability: “ … geo-objects are guaranteed to be successfully recognised with a success rate of at least 99.99%.”

Overcharging Probability: “False recognition of a geo-object should be less than 1 in 106”

Second one is much more demanding: figure itself and affects a potentially larger population (not the users but all vehicles in the proximity)!!!

System has to be specially designed to satisfy it.



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GPS BASED POSITION ERRORS

GPS has very good average performances but some factors affect the resulting errors:

Ionosphere

Satellite failures:– 15 satellite failures per

year in average– Some of these errors provoke

errors of about 100’s of metres (!) at some European locations.

NLOS Multipath: in urban and semi-urban environments multipath provokes large errors (> 100 m with probability >0.1%)

Interferences (deliberate or non-deliberate) / Spoofing



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SOLUTIONS TO AVOID OVERCHARGING

Error

Specific algorithms needed in the Rxr

Low Cost OBU(<100€)

Avoiding overcharging requires specific mechanisms to compensate large position errors. Two solutions:

ProtectionLevel

Error

POSITION INTEGRITY

Errors are bounded by the computed Protection Level. Large PLs indicate large position uncertainty.

Simple solution. Truly GNSS-only system.

Real position

GNSS solution

Introduction of additional sensors and/or roadside infrastructure: complex and expensive



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APPLICATION OF GNSS TO ROAD CHARGINGVehicle is charged only when inside the geo-object: 1 or more PLs totally inside the geo-object=> geo-fencing based on PLs (not on calculated position)

I-10 OBU (GMV allroad) to be used in GINA will calculate positions with integrity (PLs computation) based on specific algorithms. Additionally all requested functionalities (e.g. Communications, geo-fencing in “fat” and “smart” architectures, etc.)


THE GINA PROJECT TRIALS



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THE TRIALS (I)

– Implementation of a large scale demonstrator at national scale (in Netherlands) for RUC and VAS (PAYD for car leasing companies and traffic information generation, modelling and provision)

– 2 levels:

Exhaustive performance analysis: conclusions wrt EGNOS/Galileo performance (as compared with very accurate references) in terms of GNSS performance, distance measurement, GEO objects identification, charging performance, vs. Other systems (GPS or other technologies) [specially end-to-end charging performances as compared with existing requirements of ABvM (mainly charging accuracy and overcharging probability)]

End-to-end performance analysis: an overall assessment of the capabilities of the system from different perspectives and an exhaustive analysis for variables where a reference is not needed.



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THE TRIALS (II)

– Implementation and evaluation of a cost-efficient enforcement mechanism (ANPR)


CONCLUSIONS



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CONCLUSIONS

Great challenges in the road sector: safety, finacing, congestion & pollution

Satellite navigation has advantages wrt other technologies for RUC (flexibility and low cost) but GPS has some weaknesses.

Integrity of position: a flexible and efficient mechanism for correct charging and protection of the user against overcharging

GINA will implement a totally operational large-scale demonstrator of a road pricing (+VAS) scheme in the Netherlands (future ABvM) => main reference for future projects.

Dutch ABvM: much more demanding that Toll Collect or other schemes: all vehicles, all roads => results will be a powerful tool to show GNSS potential to key stakeholders and decision makers (Dutch Government, authorities etc.)

Exhaustive performance analysis

Compliant with European standards, regulatory framework and interoperability guidelines

1 OBU – multiple services

Special emphasis on market potential and business model analysis


Thank you!

Sara Gutiérrez Lanza GMV - [email protected]

Peter Vermaat TRL- [email protected]

gina gnss for innovative road applications : accuracy and reliability of egnos/galileo for road user...

Documents

gina gnss

services gina

services gnss

road user charging

road sector

introduction gina

innovative road applications

services slide