gilded research project carbon calculator
TRANSCRIPT
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
GILDED research project
carbon calculator
Methods and results
Vera Peters (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PIK)
Jan Vávra (University of South Bohemia)
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Study Design of
GILDED
• Focus of the project is on household energy consumption and CO2 emissions and social psychological, sociological and structural factors influencing it
• Collaborative research: Case studies in 5 European countries: (A) Scotland: Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire (B) Germany: Potsdam and Potsdam-Mittelmark (C) Hungary: Debrecen and Hajdú-Bihar County (D) The Netherlands: Assen and Assen Municipality (E) The Czech Republic: České Budějovice and Budějoviceshire
• Quantitative Household survey 2010 & 2011 including an CO2-calculator → in 2010 n=2.486
• Experimental design: combination of three intervention elements
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Survey Design • Cluster Sampling, Drop and Collect
• Intevention elements for experimental group
Czech Republic
Germany
Total target sample 5000 1842
Number of questionnaires returned 500 543
201
0
Response rate 10% 29%
Number of questionnaires returned 309 320
Drop-out rate between 2010 and 2011 38% 41%
201
1
Number of Respondents a CO2 footprint could be calculated for
292 300
• Response Rates
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
CO2 footprinting as a mobilizing
tool in the field of climate protection
• Environmental behaviour vs. personal CO2 footprint as a measure of the personal environmental impact
• energy consumption vs. CO2-e emissions
• Has not been applied a lot in surveys yet
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Design of the personal CO2 Calculator Definition: general carbon footprint as the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions measured in tons of CO2-equivalents, which is required to satisfy a given consumption (Minx et al., 2009).
Schächtele and Hertle (2007)
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Survey Data
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Calculations - national data and coefficients of different countries were used when
possible
Emission factors for electricity, additionally the emission factor for green electricity based on Gemis 4.5 (Öko-Institut)
Emission factors for heating, based on Klimaktiv 2.0
Share of energy sources used for heating 2011
57,9%
15,7%
19,5%
29,6% 25,8%
13,0%
2,8%17,4% 8,7%
2,4% 1,0% 6,2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Germany
Czech Republic
wood/biomass (0,029 CO2-e kg/kWh) district heating (0,030 CO2-e kg/kWh)
natural gas (0,216 CO2-e kg/kWh) heating oil (0.302 CO2-e kg/kWh)
coal (0.427 CO2-e kg/kWh) electricity (0,688/ 0,627/0,494 CO2-e kg/kWh)
others
German electricity mix CO2-e kg/kWh 0.627
Czech electricity mix CO2-e kg/kWh 0.688
UK electricity mix CO2-e kg/kWh 0.494
German green electricity CO2-e kg/kWh 0.04
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
First Results of the the CO2 Calculatur (a) Missing Data
33,451,4 48,8
64,6
66,648,6 51,2
35,4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Heating Electricity Heating Electricity
Czech Sample German Sample
Perc
en
tag
e o
f re
sp
on
den
ts
estimated by
self-reported
behaviour
filled by
respondents
3% 0%
34%22%
29%
1%
21%
4%
68%74%
41% 42%
25%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Insulation Age heating
system?
Type of
electricity
Equipment
on stand-by
Duration
shower
km/year car km/year
train (long
distance)
Age
dishwasher
(appr.)
efficiency
class
dishwasher
Age fridge-
freezer
(appr.)
efficiency
class fridge-
freezer
Perc
en
tag
e o
f M
issin
gs
GER CZ
(b) Self-reported behaviour vs. energy bills
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
First Results of the the CO2 Calculatur (c) Extreme & mistaken Data
76,0
59,4
8,5
68,875,7
24,8
0
20
40
60
80
Regional Seasonal Organic Regional Seasonal Organic
Czech Sample German Sample
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
res
po
nd
en
ts
(d) Biased data (normative topic)
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Quality of the Data
Pearson's r for Bills * Predictions
Electricity Heating
Czech ,469*** ,510***
rural ,393*** ,451***
urban ,450*** ,668***
German ,551*** ,194**
rural ,492*** -,168
urban ,718*** ,418***
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
CO2 calculations
2,21,8
1,1
0,7
1,1
1,6
0,20,4
1,71,6
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
Czech Sample (N=434) German Sample (N=442)
per
cap
ita e
mis
sio
ns i
n t
on
s C
O2-e
Food
Flight
Car
Electricity
Heating
6,3 6,1
Mean CO2-e footprint per capita (in Germany) + ca. 1,1 t p. c. share of
public Emissions + ca. 3 t consumption
ca. 10 t
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Comparison rural and urban data
2,2 2,21,6
2,1
0,91,4
0,7
0,8
1,0
1,1
1,3
1,8
0,2
0,1
0,6
0,21,6
1,61,7
1,7
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
urban rural urban rural
Czech Sample German Sample
per
cap
ita e
mis
sio
ns i
n t
on
s C
O2-e
Food
Flight
Car
Electricity
Heating
6,1 5,8
6,5 6,5
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
Conclusions
- Interesting tool to estimate the overall environmental impact of individuals; but there are still aspects of energy consumption missing
- Estimations for heating and electricity appear to be of good quality (exception heating in German rural sample)
- But high amount of missing data
- For better results, more effort has to be but into the collection process: preferably direct interviews
Vera Peters, Jan Vávra Methods and results of a CO2 calculator
References & Thank you! Minx, J. C., Wiedmann, T., Wood, R., Peters, G. P., Lenzen, M., Owen, A., … (2009). Input-output
analysis and carbon footprinting: an overview of application. Economic Systems Research, 21(3), 187–216.
Klimaktiv (n.d.) CO2-Calculator Klimaktiv 2.0, retrieved from http://klimaktiv.klimaktiv-CO2-582 rechner.de
.
Öko-Institut (n.d.), GEMIS 4.5 (Globales emissions-modell integrierter systeme). Retrieved from http://www.gemis.de/
Schächtele, K. & Hertle, H. (2007). Die CO2 Bilanz des Bürgers: Recherche für ein internetbasiertes Tool zur Erstellung persönlicher CO2 Bilanzen. (CO2-Calculations for Citizens: Research for an online-based tool for personal CO2-calculations). Retrieved from http://www.umweltdaten.de/publikationen/fpdf-l/3327.pdf
Contact Vera Peters, [email protected] Jan Vávra, [email protected]