GIFTS / IOMI Overview GIFTS / IOMI Overview W. L. Smith (NASA Langley Research Center)W. L. Smith (NASA Langley Research Center)

UW MURI Workshop – Madison Wisconsin (May 14-15, 2002)UW MURI Workshop – Madison Wisconsin (May 14-15, 2002)

GIFTSGIFTS

4-d Digital Camera:4-d Digital Camera:

•

A revolutionary weather A revolutionary weather forecasting tool forecasting tool

Horizontal:Horizontal: Large area format Focal Plane detector Arrays

Vertical:Vertical: Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Time: Time: Geostationary Satellite

New Technology for Atmospheric Temperature, Moisture, & Winds

• Two 128x 128 Infrared focal plane detector arrays with 4 km footprint size

• One 512 x 512 Visible focal plane detector array with 1 km footprint size

• Field of Regard512 km x 512 km at satellite sub-point

• 11 second full spectral resolution integration time per Field of Regard

GIFTS Sampling CharacteristicsGIFTS Sampling Characteristics

High Spectral Resolution SoundingHigh Spectral Resolution Sounding

Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Provides Simultaneous Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Provides Simultaneous Measurement of the Vertical DimensionMeasurement of the Vertical Dimension

Michelson Interferometer (FTS) Interferogram

Radiance SpectrumVertical Sounding

Source

Fixed Mirror

MovingMirror

BeamSplitter

Detector

Fourier Transformation

Numerical Inversion

d1

d2

(d2-d1)

Shortwave IR Focal Plane: (4.4 to 6.1 microns)

• Water vapor sounding

• Carbon Monoxide profiling

• Boundary layer temperature sounding

• Surface temperature

• Stratus cloud detection

GIFTS IR MeasurementsGIFTS IR Measurements

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Wavelength (m)

Wavenumber(cm-1)

Wavelength (m)

Longwave IR Focal Plane:

(8.8 to 14.6 microns)• Temperature sounding

• Ozone profiling

• Cloud altitude

• Surface temperature

• “Invisible” cirrus cloud detection

High Resolution (1km) Visible Imagery:

– cloud and surface features

– land-mark navigation

GIFTS Visible MeasurementsGIFTS Visible Measurements

Rapid Full Disk &

Regional Views

Roadmap to Next GenerationRoadmap to Next Generation

Studies Laboratory Demonstration

Future Geo-Sats

Aircraft

Water Vapor Tracer Wind Demonstration

GIFTS-IOMI

NASA Technology Transfer & Measurement Concept

Validation

NavyImage Product Utility

to the Fleet

NOAANext Generation

Geo-SatelliteApplications Readiness

Revolutionary Weather Observationsby Next Generation Operational

Meteorological Satellite Systems

Science & Technology Infusion

GIFTS-IOMI BenefitsGIFTS-IOMI Benefits

NASA NASA GIFTS Instrument &

Supporting Technologies(~105 M)

NavyNavySpacecraft &

Instrument Lifetime Enhancements

(~70 M)

NOAANOAAUS Ground System, Algorithms, Data

Processing & Archive(~40 M)

ContributionsContributions

Air Force (STP) Air Force (STP) Launch Vehicle &Launch Services

(~65 M)

Australia (BoM)Australia (BoM)IO Ground System, Data Processing & Archive

(~20 M)

Revolutionary Weather Observations Validation of Next Revolutionary Weather Observations Validation of Next Generation Geostationary Meteorological Satellite SystemGeneration Geostationary Meteorological Satellite System

(~300 M)

GIFTS-IOMI Project ConceptGIFTS-IOMI Project Concept

Imaging InterferometerCryogenic Michelson Interferometer

Laser Metrology System

On-Board Calibration

LFPA and Cryogenic Cooling128 x 128 Infrared Detector Arrays

Redundant Cryo-Coolers

High Speed Signal ProcessingRad-Hard Analog to Digital Converters

PowerPC Rad750

Data Compression Rad-Hard Processors

Pointing and ControlStar Tracker

512 x 512 Visible Detector Array

Lightweight Optics

SiC Telescope

TECHNOLOGY

VALIDATION

Indian Ocean Ops

NASA - Demonstrate Wind Sounding Measurement Concept & Validate the Technologies

NOAA - Demonstrate Operational Utility & Infuses Technology into NOAA instruments

Navy - Provides Advanced Imaging/Sounding Data Products for Fleet Operations

INFUSION

NOAA Product Assessment Plan

WallopsJCSDA

CIMSS

HPC

SPCAWCWFO

AFO

HFO

(Archive)

GIFTS-IOMI Mission SummaryGIFTS-IOMI Mission Summary E. Pacific, W. Atlantic, Indian Ocean – MC Validation - Impact on prediction of NA Winter Storms.

Research data sets during THORpex - Impact on nowcasting and numerical prediction of severe convective storm development and hurricane formation, track, and landfall position forecasts - Impact on support of Navy fleet and other DoD tactical operations - Impact on Australian region mesoscale predictions - Asian Monsoon life cycle research data sets - Impact on global numerical weather prediction - Geostationary satellite support of EOS science missions (i.e., Aqua Train Cloud/Aerosol Radiation Feedback Mission and Aura CHEM mission).

Data to Naval Centers/Fleet Demo

Data to Naval Centers/Fleet Demo

CONUS “1”CONUS “1” Indian Ocean “3”Indian Ocean “3”

Naval Shipboard and Shore AssetsNaval Shipboard

and Shore Assets

DOE ARMDOE ARMValidation SiteValidation Site

DOE ARMDOE ARMValidation SiteValidation Site

CONUS “2”CONUS “2”

NOAA/NASAData CentersNOAA/NASAData Centers

AustralianAustralian Data CenterData Center

“1” “2” “3”

GIFTS at IOMI Position (75 E)GIFTS at IOMI Position (75 E)

Horizon

Comm limit, 5 degrees above horizon

First doubling(Sounding limit)

Comm limit, 11 degrees above horizon

GIFTS Fills Important Data Void

GIFTS-IOMI(USA)75º E

Global Sounding-Imagery: 422 Steps

Spe

ctra

l Res

olut

ion:

16c

m-1

Hi Res. Sounding Regional: 144 Steps

Spe

ctra

l Res

olut

ion:

0.6

cm-1

Hi Res. Mesoscale Sounding: 36 Steps

Spe

ctra

l Res

olut

ion:

0.6

cm

-1

“Global” Hi Res. Sounding: 300 Steps

Spe

ctra

l Res

olut

ion:

0.6

cm

-1

GIFTS Example Modes of Operation Assumes 0.83cm/11sec Michelson mirror scan velocity plus 1sec scene mirror step time

1 Hr 1/2 Hr(Sounding-Imagery < 5 min)

7 min(Sounding-Imagery < 1 min)

10 Min

Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (1)Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (1)

3 m/s

>50 Channels

(4-6 Levels)

Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (2)Meeting Navy METOC Requirements (2)

Trace Gas Dust/Aerosol Transport Tropospheric

Addressing Operational Navy METOC PrioritiesAddressing Operational Navy METOC Priorities

A. Reliable IO Imagery

B. Active Sensor Program for MBL – (note: GIFTS will provide ocean skin temperature and MBL T &q)

C. High Refresh Imagery

D. Multi-Spectral Hyper-Spectral Imagery – (note: IR sfc emissivity spectrum can be used

to characterize surface conditions)

E. Tropospheric T, q, and V Sounder

Back-UpExperimental Validation of Measurement Capabilities

“ “GIFTS” Capabilities - Aircraft ValidationGIFTS” Capabilities - Aircraft Validation

ER-2Proteus

NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed- Interferometer ( NAST-I ) Spectral Range: 3.5 - 16 Microns

Spectral Resolution: >2000 (0.25cm-1)

NAST-I spectral coverage encompasses that of GIFTS

CrIS

CO2

O3

H2ON2OCO2

CON2OCH4

H2O

GIFTS-SW

GIFTS-LW

H2OCO2

O3

N2O

CH4

CO

N2O

CO2

H2O

H2O

GIFTS

NAST-I

Spectral Coverage ComparisonSpectral Coverage Comparison

Radiosonde ValidationRadiosonde Validation

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

Relative H

um

idity (%

)

Distance (75 km)

3km

Andros Is. Bahamas, Sept 12, 1998

NASTRaob

ARM CART-Site Sounding Validation

CD

A

BSpace & Time

Variability

Spatial (~22km) & Temporal (~2-3hr) Temperature Variation Over Purcell

Sfc Temp (21Z)

Sfc Temp (19Z)

P

P

VERTICAL PROFILE COMPARISONSVERTICAL PROFILE COMPARISONS

NOV 30 NOV 30NOV 30

DEC 05DEC 05 DEC 05

Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section (CLAMS 7/12/01)Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section (CLAMS 7/12/01)

This flight demonstrates the ability to observe the spatial moisture structure below a scattered

and semi-transparent Cirrus cloud cover

14.9

13.816.0 UTC

Effects of Opaque Cloud on RetrievalEffects of Opaque Cloud on Retrieval

11µm ()

Flight Track

Cloud () Spectral Minimization

Cloud () Spectral Minimization

() = (Ic-Im)/ dBpp

sfccld

Vertical Cross-section (July 26, 2001)Vertical Cross-section (July 26, 2001)

CLOUDS

CLOUDSCLOUDS

Clouds

CloudsClouds

IR Window Image Along Track

If Clouds Are Included in EOF Regression Training then Cloud EffectsOn Clear Air Sounding Above the Clouds are Alleviated

Proteus Flight Track (July 10, 2001)Proteus Flight Track (July 10, 2001)

Surface T

emperature

Horizontal Resolution and Precision Characteristics of NAST-I

Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-sectionProteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section(CLAMS 7/10/01)

IR Window Image Along Track

Surface Skin Temperature (July 14, 2001)Surface Skin Temperature (July 14, 2001)

296.52º K ( = 0.54º K) NAST-I retrieved (within 0.1 Lat. and Lon.)

297.45º K NOAA buoy site CHLV2 measured bulk SST

The cool “skin”, observed by NAST-I, relative to the sub-surface water, observed by the buoy, is expected as a result of evaporative cooling.

Chesapeake Lighthouse

Surface Skin Temperature °K

EOF Surface Emissivity Retrieval* EOF Surface Emissivity Retrieval* (July 14, 2001)(July 14, 2001)

Seawater Emissivity

)( / )( AssBAAobsR Retrieved

Lab

11 µm8.6 µm

*Based on 5 EOF Representation of Salsbury Laboratory Measurement Emissivity Data Set

NAST-I track

Dust

dust causes a negative Tb slopeacross “Window” region

Clear Slope via Brightness Temperature (at 890 cm-1)

(about 2000 NAST-I spectra)

Dust

10m12m

0

+

-

Tb

Slo

pe

Br i

g htn

e ss

Te m

per

a tu

r e

Wavelength

Asian Dust Event on 3/12/2001 (Sokolik,2001)Sokolik,2001)

Can GIFTS Observe the Optical Depth of Dust Plumes ? Can GIFTS Observe the Optical Depth of Dust Plumes ?

SummarySummary• The NAST provides high spatial resolution radiance measurements which can be used to validate the radiometric accuracy and retrieval products of GIFTS

• High spatial resolution features of atmospheric temperature, moisture, and clouds will be retrieved from high spectral resolution GIFTS radiances

•GIFTS will be able to profile above an opaque overcast cloud cover and above and below thin and/or broken clouds

•Surface skin temperature and emissivity can be retrieved simultaneously from the GIFTS spectral radiance measurements and this is important for the retrieval of accurate lower tropospheric moisture, trace gas, and aerosol profiles