gi-fi wireless technology - copy.docx

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ABSTRACT

Gi-Fi implies gigabit wireless Fidelity, its a wireless transmission technology ;ten times

faster than other technologies. Its chip offers multi-gigabit data transfer rate in a local environment

with speeds upto 5Gbps within a range of ! meters. Its the worlds first transceiver integrated on

a single "#$% chip that operates at &!Gh' fre(uency band that is currently mostly unused. It

utili'es 5mm s(uare chip with mm wide antenna consuming less than twice watt power to

transmit high speed data over short distances )ust li*e +luetooth. he interesting features and

benefits of this new technology can be as the most anticipated technology with a vast world wide

mar*et to revolutioni'e the high speed large files transfers with in nano seconds and epected to

be the preferred vital wireless technology enabling the digital economy of the future .Gi-Fi will

helps to push wireless communication to faster drive.

Index

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Chapte

r No.

Title Page

No.

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Acknowledgement III

Abstract IV

Index V

List of Figures VI

1 Introduction

1.

1

he Gi-Fi standard !

1.

2

echnology /volution !

1.

3

0irelessransceiver &

1.

4

"omparison of /isting echnology

2 orking !rinci"le

2.

1

1ata 2plin*ing 34

2.

2

1ata 1ownlin*ing 34

2.

3

ime 1ivision 1uple 3

2.4

ime 1ivision multipleing

2. 1# %ignal %imulation

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5

3 SIS# and $I$# S%stem 38

3.

1

ransmission %chemes

3.

2

%I%$ and #I#$ %imulation

LIST #F FI&'R(S

Figure . Input %ignal with fre(uency spectrum and carrier signal66666666..

Figure .3 7# %ignal with and without noise66666666666666666. 8

Figure . F# signal with and without noise66666666666666666....8

Figure .8 1%+ signal with and without noise66666666666666666..5

Figure .5 %%+ signal with and without noise6666666666666666.6..5

Figure .& Flowchart for analog modulation identification algorithm6666666.6..4

Figure .4 Functional flowchart for automatic recognition of 7nalog modulations66.6.

Figure . 9esult when F# is eecuted6666666666666666666.6.3&

Figure .: 9esult when 7# is eecuted66666666666666666666.3&

Figure .! 9esult when 1%+ is eecuted6666666666666666666....3&

Figure . 9esult when %%+ is eecuted66666666666666666666.3&

Figure 3. %imulation result of 7%3 modulation and with 70G< noise666666....3:

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Figure 3.3 %imulation result of F%3 modulation and with 70G< noise6666666.

Figure 3. Functional flowchart for automatic recognition of 1igital modulations666....

Figure 3.8 9esult when F%3 is eecuted6666666666666666666...4

Figure 3.5 9esult when 7%3 is eecuted6666666666666666666..4

C)a"ter 1

Introduction

C*A!T(R !R(+I(

In this "hapter for introduction and basic ideas about Gi-Fi 0ireless echnology and

echnology /volution,

I-TR#.'CTI#-

0i-Fi =ieee-!3.b> and 0i-#a =ieee-!3.&e> have captured our attention. 7s there is

no recent developments which transfer data at faster rate, as video information transfer ta*ing lot

of time. his leads to introduction of Gi-Fi technology. It offers some advantages over 0i-Fi, a

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similar wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate in Gbps, less power

consumption and low cost for short range transmissions. Gi-Fi which is developed on a integrated

wireless transceiver chip. In which a small antenna used and both transmitter- receiver integrated

on a single chip which is fabricated using the complementary metal oide semiconductor ="#$%>

process. +ecause of Gi-Fi transfer of large videos, files will be within seconds. In theory thistechnology would transfers Giga +ytes of our favorite high definition movies in seconds. %o Gi-Fi

can be considered as a challenger to +luetooth rather than 0i-Fi and could find applications

ranging from new mobile phones to consumer electronics.

Gi-Fi allows a full-length high definition movie to be transferred between two devices in

seconds to the higher megapiel count on our cameras, the increased bit rate on our music files,

the higher resolution of our video files, and so on. 9esearchers of #elbourne university has come

up with a wireless technology which promises high speed short range data transfer with a speed up

to 5Gbps within a radius of ! meters. he new wireless technology is named as Gi-Fi and

operates on the &! G?' fre(uency band, which is currently mostly unused. he Gi-Fi chip

developed by the 7ustralian researchers measures 5mm s(uare and is manufactured using eisting

"#$% technology, that is currently used to print silicon chips.

he best part about this neoteric technology is its cost effectiveness and low power

consumption, it consumes only 3 watts of power for its operation with mm antenna included and

the development of Gi-Fi chip costs approimately ! 721 =88 I.

1,1 T)e &i/Fi standard

Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless is the worlds first transceiver integrated on a single chip that

operates at &! G?' on the "#$% process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at

up to 5gigabits per second, ten times the current maimum wireless transfer rate, at one tenth the

cost.


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within an indoor environment, usually within a range of ! meters. It satisfies the standards of

I/// !3.5.".

7 new silicon chip developed in #elbourne is predicted to revolutioni'e the way

household gadgets li*e televisions, phones and 1@1 players tal* to each other. he tiny five

millimeter side chip can transmit data through a wireless connection at a brea*through 5 gigabitsper second over distances of up to ! meters. 7n entire high definition movie could be transmitted

to a mobile phone in a few seconds, and the phone could then upload the movie to a home

computer or screen at the same speed.

1,2 irelessTranscei0er

7 transceiver is a combination transmitterAreceiver in a single pac*age. he term appliestowirelesscommunications devices such as cellular telephones, cordless telephone sets, handheld

two-way radios, and mobile two-way radios. $ccasionally the term is used in reference to

transmitterAreceiver devices in cable oroptical fibersystems.

In a radio transceiver, the receiver is silenced while transitting. !n electronic

switch allows the transitter and receiver to "e connected to the sae antenna, and

#revents the transitter o$t#$t %ro daaging the receiver. &ith a transceiver o%

this 'ind, it is i#ossi"le to receive signals while transitting. (his ode is called

hal% d$#le). (ransission and rece#tion o%ten, "$t not alwa*s, are done on the

sae %re+$enc*.

Fig,1 transcei0er

Page
http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/wirelesshttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/cellular-telephonehttp://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/optical-fiberhttp://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/frequencyhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/cellular-telephonehttp://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/optical-fiberhttp://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/definition/frequencyhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/wireless


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%ome transceivers are designed to allow reception of signals during transmission periods.

his mode is *nown as full duple, and re(uires that the transmitter and receiver operate on

substantially different fre(uencies so the transmitted signal does not interfere with reception.

1, Tec)nolog% (0olution

he shifts in social paradigm can trigger diversified communication technologies.

herefore, technical BseedsC must be fostered to meet these needs. his entails building an

infrastructure for communication technologies for users. 0e can observe significant developments

in transmission systems, in which the characteristics of technological BseedsC in optical

transmission, wireless transmission, +luetooth, Dig+ee, 0i-Fi, 0i-#a and now Gi-Fi meet these

re(uirements. Furthermore, it is epected that the communication networ* infrastructure will

evolve towards greater reliability and contain more intelligent functions by modification of the


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'one>. hrough the stronger line-of sight antennas, the 0i-#7 transmitting station would send

data to 0i-#7 enabled computers or routers set up within the transmitters ! mile radius

=,&!! s(uare miles or :,!! s(uare *m of coverage>. his is what allows 0i-#7 to achieve its

maimum range.

Fig,2 Tec)nolog% (0olution

1,5 Com"arison of (xisting Tec)nolog%

he common 0ireless technologies currently used are

- +luetooth

- 0i-Fi

-

he disadvantages of eisting technologies- %low rate.

- ?igh power consumption.

- How range of fre(uency operation.

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Table,1 Com"arison

C)a"ter 2

orking !rinci"le

2,1 .ata '"linking

In this we will use time division duple for both transmission and receiving. ?ere data files

are up converted from IF range to 9F&!Gh' range by using 3 miers and we will feed this to apower amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna.

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Fig, .ata '"linking

2,2 .ata .ownlinking

he incoming 9F signal is first down converted to an IF signal centered at 5 G?' and then

to normal data ranges. ?ere we will use heterodyne construction for this process to avoid lea*ages

due to direct conversion and due to availability of 4 G?' spectrum the total data will be will be

transferred within seconds.

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Fig,5 .ata .ownlinking

2, Time .i0ision .u"lex

ime-1ivision 1uple =11> is the application of time division multipleing to separate

outward and return signals. It emulates full duple communication over a half-duple

communication lin*. 7s uplin* traffic increases, more channel capacity can dynamically be

allocated to that, and as it shrin*s it can be ta*en away. ime division duple =11> refers to

duple communication lin*s where uplin* is separated from downlin* by the allocation of

different time slots in the same fre(uency band.

It is a transmission scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplin* and downlin* data

transmission. 2sers are allocated time slots for uplin* and downlin* transmission. his method is

highly advantageous in case there is an asymmetry of uplin* and downlin* data rates. 11

divides a data stream into frames and assigns different time slots to forward and reverse

transmissions, thereby allowing both types of transmissions to share the same transmission

medium.

Fig,4 Time .i0ision .u"lex

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1,5,1 T.$ Signal Simulation

he code for 1# signal can be written as

clc;

clear all;

close all;

t=0:0.01:12;

f=1;

%---Transmitted Signal---%

x=5*sin(2*pi*f*t;

s!"plot(#11;

plot(t$x$&$line'idt$2;

text(5.#5$)$Transmitted Signal

title(Sin!soidal Signal

=5*s+!are(10*t;

s!"plot(#12;

plot(t$$r$line'idt$2;

title(S+!are Signal

,=5*sa'toot(10*t;

s!"plot(#1#;

plot(t$,$"$line'idt$2;

title(Triang!lar Signal

%---T Signal /annel---%

o!t = x(1:1:00 (01:1:)00 ,()01:1:1201;

fig!re;

s!"plot(#11;

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plot(t$o!t$&$line'idt$2;

text(5.#5$)$T Signal

title(T cannel-1;

o!t1 = x(01:1:)00 ()01:1:1201 ,(1:1:00;

s!"plot(#12;plot(t$o!t1$r$line'idt$2;

title(T cannel-1;

o!t2 = x()01:1:1201 (1:1:00 ,(01:1:)00;

s!"plot(#1#;

plot(t$o!t2$"$line'idt$2;

title(T cannel-1;

%---3ecei4ed Signal---%

a = real(ifft(fft(x;

fig!re

s!"plot(#$1$1;

plot(t$x$&$line'idt$2;

text(5.#5$)$3ecei4ed Signal

title(3eco4ered Sin!soidal Signal;

" = real(ifft(fft(;

s!"plot(#$1$2;

plot(t$$r$line'idt$2;

title(3eco4ered S+!are Signal;

c = real(ifft(fft(,;

s!"plot(#$1$#;

plot(t$,$"$line'idt$2;

title(3eco4ered Triang!lar Signal;

Simulation Results7"lots

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5Sinusoidal Signal

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5Square Signal

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5Triangular Signal

Fig,6 Simulation Results of Transmitted Signal

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Fig,8 Simulation Results of T.$ Signal C)annel

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5Recovered Sinusoidal Signal

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5Recovered Square Signal

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-5

0

5Recovered Triangular Signal

Fig, Simulation Results of Recei0ed Signal

C)a"ter

SIS# and $I$# S%stem

his #illimeter-0ave 0ireless E7< will operate in the new and clear band including 54-

&8 G?' un-licensed band defined by F"" 84 "F9 5.355. he millimeter wave 0ireless E7 with all other microwave systems in the

!3.5 family of 0E7


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band, which has been made available by the Federal "ommunications "ommission on a semi-

unlicensed basis for outdoor point-to-point communication. he small wavelengths enable highly

directive beams providing lin* budgets sufficient to communicate over ranges of the order of few

meters. #I#$ wireless is an emerging cost effective technology that offers substantial leverages

in ma*ing Gbps wireless lin*s a reality.

Fig, $I$# #utline

#I#$ wireless constitutes a technological brea*through that will allow Gbps speeds in


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1iversity gain is the increase in signal-to-interference ratio due to some diversity scheme,

or how much the transmission power can be reduced when a diversity scheme is introduced,

without a performance loss. 1iversity gain is usually epressed in decibels, and sometimes as a

power ratio.

, S"atial $ulti"lexing &ain%patial #ultipleing Gain =%#G> is achieved when a system is transmitting different

streams of data from the same radio resource in separate spatial dimensions. 1ata is hence sent and

received over multiple channels - lin*ed to different pilot fre(uencies, over multipleantennas. his

results in capacity gain at no additional power orbandwidth. %#G has had a large impact on the

introduction of #I#$systems in wireless technology.

5, Interference Reduction

he co-channel interference reduction for #ultiple-InputA#ultiple-$utput systems for

channel fading with different diversity scheme. heir techni(ue basically an adaptive variation of

diversity scheme and reduced the ratio of outage probability of power of signal. heir analysis

generali'es prior wor* in that they place no restrictions on the number or power of the interferers,

or on the number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver. heir results indicate that, for

adaptive interference power, system performance degrades when there are dominant interferers. In

addition, for an adaptive of transmit and receive antennas, outage probability and average +it

/rror 9ate decrease when the transmitter and receiver have the same number of antennas.

B S%stem/#n/a/!ackage :S#!;

%ystem-on-a-pac*age =%$E> technology with digital, 9F, and optical system integration on

a single pac*age, aims to utili'e the best of on-chip %$" integration and pac*age integration to

achieve highest system performance at the lowest cost. 9ecent development of materials and

processes in pac*aging area ma*es it possible to bring the concept of %$E into the 9F world to

meet the possible needs in wireless communication area. 0ireless devices implementing comple

functionality re(uire a large amount of circuitry and conse(uently, re(uire a large conventional

pac*age or #"#. %$E goes one step beyond #ulti "hip #odule =#"#> by enhancing overall

performances and adding more functionality and efficiency. %$E approach for the net-generation

wireless solution is a more feasible option than %$" =%ystem on "hip>.

Page 18
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO


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,1 Transmission Sc)emes

1epends upon number of antennas used transmission scheme is divided into %I%$, %I#$,

#I%$, and #I#$ for wireless communication system as bellows JK.

,1,1 Single In"ut Single #ut"ut :SIS#;

%ingle input single output =%I%$> is less comple and easier to ma*e for wireless

communication system to transmit and receive signal. 7ssume input data stream is L%, channel is

h and output data stream be the LM. 7ntenna configuration and input output relation of %I%$

system is given in the Figure.

he "hannel capacity is poor as compare to other echni(ue but %ystem design is not

"omple.

Fig,13 SIS# model

I7! and #7! Relation

n

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he %I%$ channel capacity is given by,

N3=O%A

0here " is *nown as capacity of channel, + is *nown as bandwidth of the signal, %A< is

*nown as signal to noise ratio.

,1,2 Single In"ut $ulti"le #ut"ut :SI$#;

%I#$ refers to the familiar wireless configuration with a single antenna at the transmitter

and multiple antennas at receiver site. system is given by,


n1

n2

Fig,11 SI$# model

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he channel capacity has not increased. he multiple receive antennas can help us get a stronger

signal through diversity. he %I#$ channel capacity is given by,

N3=OA>

0here " is *nown as capacity, + is *nown as bandwidth, %A< is *nown as signal to noise ratio.

is the number of antennas used at the receiver side.

,1, $ulti"le In"ut Single #ut"ut :$IS#;

#I%$ system has multiple antennas at the transmitter and single antennas at receiver site.

is given by,


)12S>n

Fig,12 $IS# model

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he channel capacity has not really increased because we still have to transmit two signals at a

time 3. he #I%$ capacity is given by,

N3=OA>

0here " is *nown as capacity, + is *nown as bandwidth, %A< is *nown as signal to noise ratio.

is the number of antennas used at the transmitter side.

,1,5 $ulti"le In"ut $ulti"le #ut"ut :$I$#;

#I#$ is a method of transmitting multiple data streams at the transmitter side and also

receiving multiple data streams at the receiver side. #I#$ antenna configuration describes that

use of multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas for a single user produces higher "apacity,

spectral efficiency and more data rates for wireless communication. 0hen the data rate is to be

increased for a single user, this is called single user #I#$ =%2-#I#$> and when the individual

streams are assigned to various users; this is called multiuser #I#$ =#2-#I#$>.

7ntenna configuration and input output relation of #I#$ =ransmit 1iversity> is given by,

Fig,1 $I$# model

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From the above fig. $utput user data stream NO =input output relation of #I#$

channel>, where NJ 36Kis the transmitted data vector,NJ36Kis the received data

vector, and NJ 36Kis the 7dditive 0hite Gaussian noise =70G. +E% modulation is

used in each bloc* modulation of signal for long distance transmission also it satisfies the good

signal-to-noise ratio =%. Het us consider a #I#$ system with # transmit antennas and #9receive antennas, denote the impulse response between the )th =)N , 3, 6 #> transmit antenna

and the ith =iN , 3, 6 #9> receiving antenna.

he #I#$ channel can be represented using a #9Q # matri format ? is given by,

0here hi) is a comple Gaussian random variable that models fading gain between the ith

transmit and )th receive antenna.

If a signal )=> is transmitted from the )th transmitted antenna, the signal receive at the ith

receive antenna. he input output relation is given by,

#

/ , )/, iN , 3, 6 #9

1

?ere we ta*e # transmit and #9 receive antennas with input data stream is % and output

data stream is M. #I#$ has higher capacity as compare to other system. he #I#$ capacity is

given by,

(21/

0here " is *nown as capacity, + is *nown as bandwidth, %A< is *nown as signal to noise

ratio.(is the number of antennas used at the transmitter side R is the number of antennas

used at receiver side.

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3.2 SIS# and $I$# Simulation

he capacity of #I#$ system is given by the formula as

(21 /

0here " is *nown as capacity of channel, + is *nown as bandwidth of the signal, %A< is

*nown as signal to noise ratio. #is the number of antennas used at the transmitter side R # 9is

the number of antennas used at receiver side.

he code for 1# signal can be written as

clc;

clear all;

close all;

S367 = 0:0.01:0;

S3 = 10.8(S367910;

% Te capacit of SS model

/6SS = log2(1idt$1.5$/olor$g;

old on

% Te capacit of model

r = #;

t = #;

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= min(r$t;

? = ,eros(r$t;

for&=1:r

forl=1:t

?(&$l = randn(1 < @* randn(1; end

end

S A = s4d(?*?;

/6 = 0;

for&=1:

lamda(& = A(&$&;

/6 = /6 < log2(1idt$ 1.5;

legend(SS$;

xla"el(S3;

la"el(/apacit;

Simulation Results7"lots

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

SNR

Capacity

SISO

MIMO

Fig,15 Simulation Results of Ca"acit% com"arison of SIS# and $I$# s%stem

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