ghana living standards survey (glss6) child labour 26 th august 2014 zonal dissemination

Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS6)

Child Labour

26th August 2014Zonal Dissemination

Outline

• Objectives of Child Labour, GLSS6• Concepts and definitions of Child Labour• Demographic characteristics of the

children• Educational characteristics of the children• Economic activity of the child• Child labour and hazardous activity

Objectives of child Labour, GLSS6

• Estimate the number of child workers • Distribution of child workers by

– Sex– Age-group– Educational status– Geographical and ecological zones and – Rural and urban spread

Objectives continues

• Provide up-to-date information on Child Labour in Ghana

• Provide the data needed for monitoring progress towards the elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL) in Ghana

• Estimate the prevalence of child labour

Concepts and definitions

• Child Labour:

“work that deprives the child of his/her health, education or

development or posses a danger to the health, safety or morals of

children under 18 years”

Concepts and definitions contin…• Worst Forms of Child LabourILO Convention 182 classifies the worst forms of Child Labour as follows:

– all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as • the sale and trafficking of children,• debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, • forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict

– the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;

– the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties; and

– work, which by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children

Concepts and definitions (cont’d)• Light work or permissible work• National laws and regulations may permit light work for

children under the following conditions:

• Work not likely to be harmful to their health or development;

• Not such work as to prejudice – their attendance at school, – their participation in vocational orientation or – training programmes approved by the competent authority or – their capacity to benefit from the instruction received.

Concepts and definitions (cont’d)

• Economic Activity

Economic activity is any work or activity performed in the last 7 days

prior to the day of interview for pay (in cash or in kind), for profit or for family

gain

MEASUREMENT FRAME WORK

Age group General production boundary

SNA production Non-SNA production

(1a) Light work3

(1b) Regular work4

Worst forms of child labour (3a) Hazardous unpaid

household services1

(3b) Other

non-SNA production

(2a)Hazardous work

(2b) Worst forms of

child labour other than hazardous

work

Children below the minimum age specified for light work(for example, 5–11 years)

Employment below the

minimum age for light work

Employment below the general minimum working

age

Employment in industries and occupations

designated as hazardous, or work for long

hours and/or at night in industries and occupations

not designated as hazardous

Children trafficked for work; forced

and bonded child labour; commercial sexual exploitation of children; use of children for illicit

activities and armed conflict

Unpaid household services for long hours; involving

unsafe equipment or heavy loads; in

dangerous locations; etc.

Children within the age range specified for light work(for example, 12–14 years)

Children at or above the general minimum working age (for example, 15–17 years)

1 (3a) is applicable where the general production boundary is used as the measurement framework for child labour.

Denotes child labour as defined by 18th ICLS resolution Denotes activities not considered child labour

www.ilo.org 11International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour

Child Labour Measurement Framework

Child labour (prohibited work)

Worst forms of CL = ‘Hazardous work’ + ‘WFCL Other than hazardous’ (i.e., CSEC, forced labour, illicit activities, armed

conflict, etc.)

Employment below the minimum age

Hazardous unpaid household services (household chores)

SNA production boundary

General production boundaryBegging + Stealing


Child Labour Measurement Framework

Child labour (prohibited work)

Worst forms of CL = ‘Hazardous work’ + ‘WFCL Other than hazardous’ (i.e., CSEC, forced labour, illicit activities, armed

conflict, etc.)

Employment below the minimum age

SNA production boundaryBegging + Stealing

Child labour as a subset of “children in employment” or “working children”

•ILO definition of child labour is based on ILO Conventions on children at work, and on ILO definition of ‘work’

•Thus, “working children” refer to those engaged in economic activities within the SNA production boundary, of which only a subset is child labour

•Child labour is defined by its consequences:

-work that is mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful to children

- work that interferes with their schooling

ILO Definition of Child Labour

Conceptual framework of child labour

ILO definition of Child Labour

Hazardous work

Child labour

Children in economic activity


Key Concepts of Child Labour usedin the ILO Child Labour Measurement Framework

The terms « working children », « children in economic activity » and « children in employment » are used interchangeably by ILO. All denote a broader concept than child labour

Following the SNA production boundary, Hazardous work by children is a subcategory of child labour, which in turn is a subcategory of children in employment (children in economic activity or working children).


Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL)

Worst Forms of Child Labour

(a) Hazardous Work(b) Worst Forms of Child Labour

other than Hazardous Work(CSEC, Forced labour, illicit

activities, armed conflict, etc)

Note: Hazardous work by children should be defined at national level by Government, Workers and Employers.

ILO Child Labour Measurement FrameworkChildren in employment

(5-17 years old)Para 12

In otherindustries

In otheroccupations

Not long hours of work

Non-hazardouswork conditions

5-11 yrsPara. 32

12-14 yrs 15-17 yrs

14+ hrsPara. 33-35

Light work(<14 hrs)

Not child labourChild labourPara. 14-37

In designatedhazardous industries

Para. 27

In designatedhazardous occupations

Para. 25-26

Long hours of work

Para. 28-30

In other hazardouswork conditions

Para. 24

Hazardous workby children

Para. 21-30

18th International C

onference of Labour Statisticians, R

esolution concerning statistics of child labour (ILO

, Geneva, 2008)

Child Labour Status (CLS)

Children5 -17 yrs

In employmentNot in

employment

Child labourNot

child labour

Hazardouswork

OtherChild labour

Permissiblelight work

Othernon child labour

employment

CLS = 2 CLS = 3CLS = 1 CLS = 4

CLS = 5

Missingvalues

CLS = 9

Demographic characteristics

One-third of the population (33.0%) is in the age group 5 - 17

0 - 4 5 - 17 18+ Number

Total 13.0 33.0 54.0 26,347,424

Male 13.8 34.6 51.6 12,689,648

Female 12.2 31.5 56.3 13,657,776

Urban 11.7 31.3 57.0 13,204,237

Rural 14.3 34.7 51.0 13,143,186

Sex/ Locality/ Region

Age group

Children aged 5-17 are fairly distributed among the sub-populations of interest

5 - 7 8 - 11 12 - 14 15 - 17

Total 24.4 31.6 24.2 19.8 100.0

Male 24.8 31.6 24.3 19.2 100.0

Female 24.0 31.6 24.0 20.4 100.0

Urban 23.2 31.3 24.8 20.8 100.0

Rural 25.5 31.9 23.6 18.9 100.0

Western 26.6 31.0 21.8 20.6 100.0

Central 23.4 32.5 23.9 20.2 100.0

Greater Accra 22.9 30.7 26.7 19.7 100.0

Volta 26.3 30.9 22.9 19.8 100.0

Eastern 23.0 31.1 25.4 20.5 100.0

Ashanti 22.7 32.4 25.2 19.8 100.0

Brong Ahafo 24.3 30.4 24.8 20.5 100.0

Northern 28.7 33.0 20.7 17.7 100.0

Upper East 24.1 33.3 23.0 19.6 100.0

Upper West 24.5 31.1 24.7 19.7 100.0

TotalAge group/ Sex/ Locality/ Region

Age group

More than 3/4 of the children(77.2%) live in households where their parents are heads

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

0.1 0.1

77.2

11.8 7.32.3 0.3 0.9

Percent

More than 1/10 of children in Volta and Upper West live with other relatives

Head SpouseChild (Son/

Grand child

Other relative

Adopted child

House help

Non relative Other

Western 0.0 0.1 75.3 12.3 7.0 3.9 0.4 0.9 0.0 100.0Central 0.2 0.1 79.5 13.4 4.3 1.8 0.2 0.5 0.0 100.0Greater Accra 0.1 0.2 76.4 9.1 7.4 5.0 0.7 1.1 0.2 100.0Volta 0.2 0.0 71.0 14.3 10.9 1.9 0.3 1.2 0.0 100.0Eastern 0.1 0.1 72.9 15.0 7.3 2.7 0.1 1.8 0.0 100.0Ashanti 0.1 0.0 77.6 12.9 6.5 1.6 0.3 0.9 0.0 100.0Brong Ahafo 0.2 0.0 75.4 14.1 7.5 1.5 0.4 0.9 0.0 100.0Northern 0.1 0.2 85.2 5.5 7.5 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.0 100.0Upper East 0.0 0.0 85.4 8.1 5.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 100.0Upper West 0.0 0.0 78.0 8.9 11.7 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 100.0

EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

About 6% of the children had never attended school

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

5-7 8-11 12-14 15-17 Urban Rural TotalNever Attended 10.4 4.7 3.8 4.7 2.2 9.2 5.9

Currently Attending 88.5 93.9 91.9 77.5 92.7 85.4 88.9

Attended in the past 1.0 1.4 4.3 17.8 5.1 5.3 5.2

Percent

26

Reasons for not attending school• Reasons cited for children not attending

school are:- there are no schools or the school is too far (19.2%), - the child is too young to be in school (16.0%), - household cannot afford the cost of

education (14.8%)

More than a quarter of the children in the Northern region (25.7%) had never attended school

RegionNever

AttendedCurrently Attending

Attended in the past

Western 2.5 93.1 4.4Central 3.3 91.4 5.4Greater Accra 1.7 92.6 5.7Volta 9.6 85.3 5.1Eastern 2.7 92.1 5.3Ashanti 1.5 92.2 6.3Brong Ahafo 4.0 90.9 5.1Northern 25.7 70.5 3.8Upper East 7.3 87.3 5.4Upper West 10.4 85.8 3.8

There are variations in the highest level of educational attainment between rural and urban

Pre-School Primary JSS/ JHS SSS/ SHS

Total 26.3 57.4 14.1 2.2

Urban 23.0 56.2 17.3 3.4

Accra (GAMA) 20.1 54.9 20.2 4.8

Other Urban 24.1 56.7 16.3 2.9

Rural 29.4 58.6 11.0 0.9

Rural Coastal 30.5 56.0 13.1 0.4

Rural Forest 27.7 58.9 12.3 1.1

Rural Savannah 32.1 59.2 8.0 0.8

Economic activity

30

Economic Activity

Participation of children 5-17 years in economic activity • 28.5 percent of children participated in economic activity within the

reference period while majority of them (71.5%) did not• 29.2 percent of males are in economic activity• 27.9 percent of females are in economic activity• By locality:

16.8 percent of children in urban areas and 39.0 percent in rural areas are in economic activity For rural savannah 44.3 percent compared to 22.1 percent in rural coastal are in economic activity

• By age categorizationthe older the child the more likely he/she is to participate in an economic activity. (10.0 percent for 5-7 years compared to 43.7 percent for those 15-17 years)

Major occupation of children are: Agric. (76.8%) and Services (14.9%)

Age group/ Sex/ Locality/ Region

Technicians and

associate professional

s

Service/ sales

workers

Agric/ fishery

workers

Craft and related trades

workers

Plant machine

operators and

assemblersElementary occupations Other

Total 0.0 14.9 76.8 4.2 0.2 3.9 0.1

Male 0.0 8.9 83.2 3.6 0.4 3.9 0.1Female 0.0 21.4 69.8 4.8 0.1 3.9 0.1

Urban 0.0 35.4 50.7 8.3 0.6 4.9 0.1Rural 0.0 6.9 86.9 2.5 0.1 3.5 0.1

Western 0.0 24.6 53.1 4.6 0.1 17.5 0.2Central 0.0 10.2 83.2 5.2 0.0 1.4 0.0Greater Accra 0.0 68.8 7.2 8.4 0.0 15.3 0.4Volta 0.0 9.0 82.8 5.4 0.4 2.3 0.2Eastern 0.1 14.7 75.3 5.7 0.4 3.5 0.2Ashanti 0.0 18.7 73.5 4.7 0.2 2.8 0.0Brong Ahafo 0.0 11.3 84.1 3.5 0.4 0.7 0.0Northern 0.0 10.8 85.3 2.3 0.2 1.3 0.1Upper East 0.0 3.1 91.4 2.9 0.1 2.7 0.0Upper West 0.0 1.1 98.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0

Occupation

Major Industry of children are: Agric. (77.2%) and sales (12.4%)


Agriculture, forestry and

fishingMining and

quarryingManufacturi

ngConstructio

n

Whole sale and retail

trade

Transportation and storage

Accommodation & food

service activit ies

Information and

communication Others

Total 77.2 0.3 3.8 0.7 12.4 0.4 3.2 0.0 1.9

Male 83.7 0.4 3.2 0.9 7.9 0.7 1.5 0.0 1.7Female 70.0 0.1 4.4 0.3 17.3 5.2 0.1 2.5

Urban 50.8 0.1 7.1 1.8 28.3 0.8 7.5 0.2 3.3Rural 87.5 0.3 2.5 0.2 6.2 0.2 1.6 0.0 1.6

5 - 7 85.7 0.0 2.8 0.1 7.3 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.98 - 11 81.4 0.2 2.0 0.0 11.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 1.812 - 14 76.7 0.2 3.7 0.3 13.8 0.3 3.5 0.1 1.515 - 17 71.5 0.5 5.7 1.8 12.8 0.8 3.9 0.0 3.0

Industry of main occupation

Proportion of females (81.8%) working in informal sector higher than males (72.5%)

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

Total Male Female Urban RuralPrivate sector formal 8.0 9.1 6.5 8.7 7.4

Private sector infomal 76.3 72.5 81.8 86.1 66.6

Agric Business 14.6 17.3 10.7 3.9 25.2

Other 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.8

Percent

No child in the Volta and Eastern region worked in the formal sector


Private sector

formal

Private sector

infomalAgric

Business Other TotalWestern 6.4 88.3 5.3 0.0 100.0Central 33.4 66.6 0.0 0.0 100.0Greater Accra 25.5 67.6 6.9 0.0 100.0Volta 0.0 88.4 11.6 0.0 100.0Eastern 0.0 56.6 40.9 2.6 100.0Ashanti 6.9 76.4 13.8 2.9 100.0Brong Ahafo 7.4 77.2 15.4 0.0 100.0Northern 3.3 93.0 3.8 0.0 100.0Upper East 3.3 96.7 0.0 0.0 100.0Upper West 8.6 81.5 9.9 0.0 100.0

Sector of employment

About 1/3 of child workers in Greater Accra work day and night

Period of activityAge group/ Sex/ Locality/ Region

During the day

(between 6am to 6

In the evening or

at night (after 6pm)

During both the day and the evening

On the week end

Sometimes during the day, some

times in the TotalTotal 61.7 1.2 2.1 31.0 4.1 100.0

Male 61.6 0.9 2.0 32.1 3.4 100.0Female 61.8 1.4 2.2 29.7 4.9 100.0

Urban 56.3 2.5 3.1 29.5 8.6 100.0Rural 63.8 0.7 1.7 31.6 2.3 100.0

Western 73.5 2.1 1.6 20.5 2.3 100.0Central 59.4 0.9 2.2 36.8 0.7 100.0Greater Accra 45.7 2.4 6.7 13.1 32.1 100.0Volta 69.5 0.6 1.5 23.3 5.1 100.0Eastern 56.4 0.7 0.5 41.2 1.2 100.0Ashanti 50.2 1.5 1.8 42.3 4.2 100.0Brong Ahafo 56.8 0.3 1.0 40.5 1.3 100.0Northern 77.5 0.6 0.8 19.4 1.7 100.0Upper East 66.1 3.8 11.0 11.9 7.2 100.0Upper West 76.2 0.4 0.3 18.5 4.6 100.0

About 1/3 of children who worked (33.3%) suffered serious injuries at work

Not serious- did not stop

work/schooling

Stopped work or

school for a short t ime

Stopped work or

school completely Percent

Total 66.2 33.3 0.5 100.0

Male 66.7 32.9 0.4 100.0

Female 65.6 33.7 0.7 100.0

Urban 69.4 29.7 0.9 100.0

Rural 65.1 34.5 0.4 100.0

5 - 7 74.1 25.4 0.4 100.0

8 - 11 70.8 28.6 0.5 100.0

12 - 14 62.3 37.3 0.4 100.0

15 - 17 64.2 35.1 0.8 100.0

Effect of injury


Less than 10% of children who worked in Central (5.9%) and Eastern (8.6%)suffered serious injuries

Not serious- did not stop

work/schooli

Stopped work or

school for a

Stopped work or

school Percent

Western 79.9 20.1 0.0 100.0

Central 94.1 5.9 0.0 100.0

Greater Accra 78.5 21.5 0.0 100.0Volta 46.0 53.1 0.9 100.0

Eastern 91.4 8.6 0.0 100.0

Ashanti 46.7 52.7 0.6 100.0

Brong Ahafo 66.5 33.3 0.2 100.0

Northern 75.2 22.3 2.5 100.0

Upper East 80.7 18.4 0.9 100.0

Upper West 76.6 23.2 0.2 100.0


Effect of injury

About 4% of children were beaten or physically hurt while at work

Ever been subject to

constantly shouted at

Repeatedly insulted

Beaten/ physically

hurtSexual

harrassmentTotal 18.5 10.5 3.7 0.3

Western 9.9 2.7 0.1 0.0Central 7.1 6.2 2.3 0.2Greater Accra 18.6 5.4 2.1 0.0Volta 41.9 27.8 5.7 2.0Eastern 13.4 8.1 4.7 0.2Ashanti 19.5 7.7 3.9 0.0Brong Ahafo 21.7 15.9 2.6 0.3Northern 9.3 4.0 1.1 0.0Upper East 27.2 17.1 11.3 0.2Upper West 6.5 5.7 2.5 0.0


Type of abuse

CHILD LABOUR AND PARTICIPATION IN HAZARDOUS

WORK

Population distribution of children 5-17 year by economic activity, child labour and participation in hazardous work

Estimated Population Percent

Estimated Population

Percent of population Total





Total 8,697,602 100.0 2,476,177 28.5 100.0 1,892,553 21.8 100.0 1,231,286 14.2 100.0

Male 4,393,748 100.0 1,284,619 29.2 51.9 996,510 22.7 52.7 677,962 15.4 55.1

Female 4,303,855 100.0 1,191,558 27.7 48.1 896,042 20.8 47.3 553,324 12.9 44.9

Urban 4,134,743 100.0 695,863 16.8 28.1 513,221 12.4 27.1 320,179 7.7 26.0

Accra (GAMA) 1,098,157 100.0 66,875 6.1 2.7 51,349 4.7 2.7 17,732 1.6 1.4

Other Urban 3,036,586 100.0 628,988 20.7 25.4 461,871 15.2 24.4 302,447 10.0 24.6

Rural 4,562,859 100.0 1,780,314 39.0 71.9 1,379,332 30.2 72.9 911,107 20.0 74.0

Rural Coastal 496,659 100.0 110,006 22.1 4.4 81,310 16.4 4.3 52,529 10.6 4.3

Rural Forest 2,373,921 100.0 920,182 38.8 37.2 712,642 30.0 37.7 504,769 21.3 41.0

Rural Savannah 1,692,279 100.0 750,126 44.3 30.3 585,380 34.6 30.9 353,808 20.9 28.7

5-7 2,122,390 100.0 212,278 10.0 8.6 212,278 10.0 11.2 94,655 4.5 7.7

8-11 2,749,046 100.0 704,212 25.6 28.4 704,212 25.6 37.2 330,161 12.0 26.8

12-14 2,101,282 100.0 805,423 38.3 32.5 564,500 26.9 29.8 394,908 18.8 32.1

15-17 1,724,884 100.0 754,263 43.7 30.5 411,562 23.9 21.7 411,562 23.9 33.4

Western 838,313 100.0 225,702 26.9 9.1 171,626 20.5 9.1 113,134 13.5 9.2

Central 793,125 100.0 101,481 12.8 4.1 70,535 8.9 3.7 33,164 4.2 2.7

Greater Accra 1,204,870 100.0 83,328 6.9 3.4 62,526 5.2 3.3 23,312 1.9 1.9

Volta 766,836 100.0 245,094 32.0 9.9 206,404 26.9 10.9 169,035 22.0 13.7

Eastern 920,812 100.0 336,935 36.6 13.6 267,233 29.0 14.1 193,551 21.0 15.7

Ashanti 1,727,891 100.0 537,057 31.1 21.7 396,751 23.0 21.0 279,374 16.2 22.7

Brong Ahafo 916,757 100.0 382,738 41.7 15.5 306,972 33.5 16.2 224,037 24.4 18.2

Northern 891,273 100.0 278,445 31.2 11.2 203,566 22.8 10.8 105,769 11.9 8.6

Upper East 362,761 100.0 161,388 44.5 6.5 114,899 31.7 6.1 47,534 13.1 3.9

Upper West 274,964 100.0 124,010 45.1 5.0 92,041 33.5 4.9 42,375 15.4 3.4

Sex/Locality/Age group/ Region

TotalChildren in economic

activity ChildlabourHazardous forms of child

labour

41

Child Labour • 21.8 percent of persons 5-17 years engaged in child

labour.

• Proportion of male children in child labour is slightly higher (22.7%) than females (20.8%).

• Urban children in child labour constitute 12.4 percent while that of the rural is 30.2 percent. The rural savannah (34.6%) has the highest proportion of children in child labour.

• Proportion of children engaged in child labour varies from one region to another with 5.2% in Greater Accra and 33.5% in Upper West

42

Hazardous Activity• 14.2 percent of children are engaged in hazardous

forms of child labour

• Proportion of males engaged in hazardous forms of child labour (15.4%) is slightly higher than females (12.9%).

• A remarkable difference is observed between urban (7.7 percent) and rural areas (20.0 percent) with rural savannah recording 20.9 percent.

• Proportion of children engaged in hazardous form of child labour varies from region to region with 1.9 percent in Greater Accra and 24.4 percent in Brong Ahafo

Percentage distribution of children (5 - 17years) currently attending school and engaged in child labour in last 7 days by sex, locality, age and region by

Child labour

Hazardous forms of child

labourChild

labour


labour

Total 20.1 12.4 35.4 28.3

Male 20.6 13.6 39.9 31.2 Female 19.4 11.2 31.2 25.6

Urban 11.2 6.3 28.0 26.2 Accra (GAMA) 3.8 0.5 16.4 16.4 Other Urban 13.9 8.4 32.0 29.5 Rural 28.8 18.4 38.7 29.2 Rural Coastal 15.8 9.5 21.3 19.4 Rural Forest 29.4 20.4 36.3 30.6 Rural Savannah 32.2 18.1 42.3 29.8

5 - 7 9.2 3.8 15.8 9.6 8 - 11 24.7 11.2 40.1 23.9 12 - 14 24.3 16.9 55.9 40.2 15 - 17 20.1 20.1 36.7 36.7

Western 19.6 12.4 32.6 28.9 Central 8.4 3.4 13.9 12.1 Greater Accra 4.4 0.9 15.3 15.3 Volta 24.4 19.3 41.2 37.8 Eastern 28.2 19.9 38.4 33.5 Ashanti 21.6 14.5 39.4 35.8 Brong Ahafo 32.4 23.1 44.2 38.3 Northern 17.3 6.6 36.0 24.4 Upper East 29.1 10.9 49.4 28.2 Upper West 31.2 13.5 47.2 26.7


Currently Attending School Not Attending School

Percentage distribution of children (5 - 17years) and their participation in household chores by sex, locality, age and region

Child labour

Hazardous forms of

child labour Child labourHazardous forms

of child labour

Total 25.3 16.6 9.0 5.2

Male 26.7 18.5 10.1 5.8

Female 23.9 14.8 7.6 4.4

Urban 15.4 9.7 2.2 0.9 Accra (GAMA) 6.3 2.2 Other Urban 18.4 12.3 3.2 1.4 Rural 34.0 22.8 15.7 9.3 Rural Coastal 18.5 12.1 3.8 1.6 Rural Forest 33.5 23.6 11.7 9.1 Rural Savannah 40.4 25.1 20.5 10.6

5 - 7 14.4 6.3 5.3 2.6 8 - 11 28.9 13.7 11.4 4.6 12 - 14 27.7 19.4 16.7 11.2 15 - 17 24.6 24.6 17.3 17.3

Western 22.4 14.8 11.2 7.1 Central 10.7 5.2 1.4 Greater Accra 6.9 2.6 0.4 0.1 Volta 29.8 24.5 14.9 11.9 Eastern 31.4 22.7 12.3 9.7 Ashanti 27.0 18.8 5.7 5.1 Brong Ahafo 40.7 30.3 7.4 3.4 Northern 28.1 15.4 14.0 6.0 Upper East 33.6 13.9 21.2 8.9 Upper West 37.6 17.6 24.7 10.7


Participated in Household chores

Did Not Participated in Household chores

45

Child Labour/Hazardous Work and Economic Activity

• 76.4 percent who participated in economic activity were involved in child labour out of which 49.7 percent participated in hazardous work

• Both urban and rural localities recorded figures above 70 percent

• All children in the younger age groups (5-7 and 8-11 years) engaged in child labour with more than 40 percent of all children in hazardous forms of child labour

Children working in Volta region are more likely to be engaged in hazardous work (69.0%)

ChildlabourHazardous forms

of child labour

Western 76.0 50.1 Central 69.5 32.7 Greater Accra 75.0 28.0 Volta 84.2 69.0 Eastern 79.3 57.4 Ashanti 73.9 52.0 Brong Ahafo 80.2 58.5 Northern 73.1 38.0 Upper East 71.2 29.5 Upper West 74.2 34.2


Participated in Economic

Percentage distribution of children (5 - 17years) engaged in child labour who suffered an injury or health effects as a result by sex, locality, age and region

Child labour


labour Child labour


labour

Total 73.1 53.2 11.2 6.1

Male 72.9 54.3 11.5 6.8 Female 73.4 51.8 10.8 5.4

72.6 49.3 6.3 3.5 Urban 73.3 54.5 16.4 8.9 Accra (GAMA)Other Urban 51.7 18.3 3.6 1.2 Rural 74.1 51.5 7.4 4.5 Rural Coastal 79.8 66.5 10.7 5.6 Rural Forest 73.8 57.0 17.0 10.7 Rural Savannah 72.3 50.9 17.7 7.5

5 - 7 83.0 45.8 5.7 2.0 8 - 11 92.9 50.9 13.1 4.8 12 - 14 69.6 54.8 14.0 8.0 15 - 17 55.5 55.5 12.6 12.6

Western 74.2 62.1 13.4 7.1 Central 80.2 72.6 7.1 2.5 Greater Accra 54.6 20.7 4.0 1.5 Volta 82.5 72.1 7.6 4.6 Eastern 79.9 60.5 15.9 10.9 Ashanti 69.1 47.6 10.7 7.9 Brong Ahafo 82.6 66.9 16.0 9.3 Northern 71.2 46.9 17.0 7.7 Upper East 60.1 28.9 11.9 2.1 Upper West 58.7 29.4 17.3 6.4


Suffered any injury or health effects

Did Not Suffered any injury or health effects

48

Child Labour/Hazardous Work and Non-Economic Activity

• 25.3 percent of children engaged in household chores are in child labour while 16.6 percent are in hazardous forms of child labour

• Of children who did not participate in household chores 9.0 % of the child labourers are engaged in economic activities and 5.2 % of them are in hazardous activities

• 34.0 percent of children living in rural areas engaged in household chores are child labourers, compared to 15.4 percent of their counterparts in the urban areas.

• the older a child is, the more likely it is for him/her to be engaged in household activities

• at the regional level, participating in household chores and in child labour varies from 6.9 percent in Greater Accra to 40.7 percent in the Brong Ahafo region.

49

Summary• A third (33.0) of the estimated population are in the age group 5-17

years• 31.6 percent are in the age group 8-11years and 24.4 percent in the 5-7

years age group• There are more children 5-17 years in rural areas (34.7%) than in the

urban areas (31.3%)• 57.5 percent of the children live with both father and mother• The proportion of children who live with both parents decreases with

increasing age of the child• 88.9 percent of children are currently attending school• 19.2 percent of children currently not in because schools are “too far or

that there are no schools”• 28.5 percent of children participated in economic activity within the

reference period• The older the child the more likely he/she is to participate in an

economic activity.

50

Summary (cont’d)• Majority of the children (76.8%) work as skilled

agriculture and fishery workers

• 76.3% of the economically active population of the children are employed in the private informal sector

• 1.2 percent of working children work in the night

• 4.1 percent of working children work both in the daytime and at night

• 21.8 percent of persons 5-17 years engage in child labour

• 14.2 percent of children are engaged in hazardous forms of child labour with the Brong Ahafo leading with 24.4 percent

Your attention is

highly appreciated

ghana living standards survey (glss6) child labour 26 th august 2014 zonal dissemination

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