GGGI’s Cambodia Green Growth Program In the perspective of Development Impact Assessment

20 September 2012 Asia Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) Forum

Catalyzing an Era of Green Growth

Helen H. Lee Cambodia Program Manager, GGGI

I. Background

1.1 New Development pathway

1.2. GGGI's Partner Countries for Green Growth

1.3. MOU signing between GGGI and Cambodia

1.4. Objectives of GGGI Cambodia Program

1.5. Development Impact Assessment (DIA)

II. Top-down approach 2.1. Scoping I: Benchmark studies

2.2. Scoping II: Best Practice Sharing

2.3. Scoping III: Setting Priorities

2.4. DIA

III. Bottom-up approach 3.1 Sectoral Projects

3.2. Scoping

3.3. Planning

3.4. Implementing and Monitoring

3.5. Reviewing

3.6. New cycle for DIA

IV. Conclusion

Table of Contents

1

I. Background

2

3

1.1. New development pathway

+

By around 2100, an

increase in the

average temperature

by 4˚C in Korea will

inflict more than

US$45.5 billion of

cumulative economic

damage.

A sea level rise of 80

cm will submerge

605 km2 of area

(larger than Seoul)

and the flood in 11

coastal cities will

affect more than

370,000 victims.

If daily average

temperature reaches

28.1˚C or above,

there will be 11

additional mortalities

per day in Seoul; a

temperature increase

of 4˚C will reduce

rice yield by 15% in

rural areas.

ECONOMIC SLOWDOW

N

CLIMATE CHANGE

ENERGY-IMPORT

DEPENDENCY

Climate Resilience

Environmental Sustainability

Economic Growth

Green Job Creation

Green Technology

Energy Security

Social Justice

Developing countries are more vulnerable in …

1.2. GGGI’s Partner Countries for Green Growth

17 Countries, 1 Region, 26 Projects (as August 2012)

Mongolia

Kazakhstan

China India

Indonesia

Philippines

Cambodia

Vietnam

4

Morocco

UAE

Ethiopia

Rwanda

Brazil

On-going

South Africa

Thailand

Jordan

Peru

Scoping phase

Selected

Amazon Basin

1.3 MOU Signing between GGGI and Cambodia

“Cambodia is developing and despite the fact that the development is progressing with Cambodia’s own greenness, it had to be cautious as the greenness would reduce and would be replaced by dryness ”

- Cambodia’s Prime Minister Mr. Hun Sen

“South Korea is much interested in growing the green resources and GGGI would like to share the experiences in green growth with Cambodia ”

- GGGI’s former Chairman Mr. Han Seung Soo

5

1.4. Objectives of GGGI Cambodia Program

GGGI’s Cambodia National Green Growth Plan is designed to produce immediate tangible impacts towards Cambodia’s achievement of sustained high economic growth while reducing environmental stress. Key objectives of the program are:

FORMULATING a Green Growth Master Plan (GGMP) tailored to the specific

characteristics of Cambodia;

BUILDING a Green Growth Plan and working schedule in accordance with the National Strategic Development Plan(NSDP);

CONVERGING the sectoral issues and policies on green growth (energy, agriculture, forestry, etc.) in countrywide;

COORDINATING the compatibility between industry development and environmental protection;

IDENTIFYING and PRIORITIZING adaptation activities to green growth.

6

1.5. Development Impact Assessment (DIA)

7

“Handbook on planning, monitoring and evaluating for development results” (UNDP, 2009)

Planning

Monitoring Evaluating

Scoping

II. Top-down approach

8

9

2.1. Scoping I: Benchmark studies

Past 60 Years (from 1948) Next 60 Years (from 2008)

Korea’s Economic Growth Korea’s Green Growth

Quantitative (traditional, fossil fuel-driven)

Qualitative (low-carbon, sustainable development)

Factor-intensive (labor & capital)

Innovation-base (new ideas)

More input = more output Less input = more output

High dependency on foreign energy sources

Energy self-sufficiency (renewable sources)

Aid recipient Aid donor

Miracle on the Han River Miracle on the Korean Peninsula

“The Great Korean People, a History of Miracles”

“The Great Korean People, a New Dream”

2.2. Scoping stage II : Best Practice Sharing

Korea

Framework Act on Low

Carbon, Green

Growth

Presidential Committee on Green Growth

(PCGG)

National Strategy for

Green Growth & its Five-

Year Plan

Cambodia

Green

Growth

Master Plan

(GGMP)

National Council on

Green Growth

(NCGG)

National Strategic

Development Plan

(NSDP:

2014-2018)

Institutional Set-up – Crucial element of NGGMP: establishing a National Council on Green Growth

(NCGG) to act as a “control tower” to coordinate green growth policies across ministries, devise appropriate legislation, and so forth.

National Green Growth Master Plan – The Cambodian government has requested GGGI to devise a step-by-step green growth roadmap whilst analyzing the nation’s green growth potentials. Development of a national Green Growth Master Plan (GGMP) includes the institutional establishment of a high-level coordinative National Council on Green Growth (NCGG) as well as practical capacity-building initiatives.

2.3. Scoping Stage III: Setting Priorities

11

2.4. Development Impact Assessment (DIA)

12

Top Down Approach with top policy makers

Planning

Monitoring Evaluating

Scoping

<Core Operating Process > PP1-A-F1: Project scope and description form PP1-B-F1: Project logframe PP1-B-F2: Detailed project proposal PP1-B-F3: Project workplan and budget

III. Bottom-up approach

13

Small & Medium Business Promotion with Appropriate Technology in Takeo

( Solar cookers, Improved Solar Dryer, Micro-solar home system, Scheffler Reflector )

Waste Management and Renewable Energy for Green Village in Baribour

Green Growth and Job Creation : Eco-tourism & Healthcare in Siem Reap

3.1. Sectoral Projects

14

3.2.Scoping: Research on failure case study Failure case study

• Palm Oil projects

Identifying Problems

• Energy shortage (water, wood

and forest, land, materials, etc.)

especially in poor communities

• Environmental problems

(deforestation, desertification,

drought, extinction of species,

pollution, etc.)

• Social and economic

vulnerability (low-income , lack

of jobs, lack of education, etc)

Applying Appropriate Technology

• Finding actual needs of local

people with ‘appropriate

technology’

• Affordable price

• Utilizing local resources

• Generating jobs and finding

untapped local opportunities

• Small in scale and simple in

design

• Fostering social collaboration

and local development

• Easily adaptable to changes in

local environment

• * Some key characteristics

regarding appropriate

technologies

15

Severe indoor pollution

Deforestation and fuel shortage

Appropriate Technologies Background Takeo, Phnom Penh Solar cooker, Micro Solar Home System,

Improved Solar Dryer

Expected Outcomes

Comprehensive Development Strategy

GO/ IO

SMEs

Local Workforce

Academia

Local government

Poverty Reduction

Job Creation Social

Development

Encouraging Social Entrepreneurs

Producing Solar Cooker/Micro SHS

16

Solar cooker for small-scale use

Micro solar home system(SHS) Photo: Grameen Shakti

3.2. Scoping : Appropriate Technology Project Proposal

Local Governments

Cambodia

Ministry of Environment

GGGI Team

3.2. Scoping with various stakeholders

17

GGGI

ASEM SMEs Eco-

Innovation Center

Local NGOs

Int’l Technicians

3.2.Scoping in target sites

18

Improving quality of life in Takeo through ‘appropriate technology’

Social benefits

• Encourage local entrepreneurship

• Reduce health risk

Economical benefits

• Transfer technologies

• Create local market

• Create local jobs

Environmental benefits

• Reduce consumption of fuel wood

• Develop alternative energy source

19

International Organization

Government International & Local Experts

Local Workforce

GGGI : Supports international cooperation with international organizations, disseminates the project story to the international community, fund raising if necessary : Linked to the GGGI-Cambodia Green Growth Plan

Tech. Experts and Local Partners : Produces solar cookers, improved solar dryer, etc., while sharing technologies with local community

ASEIC : Manages project and provides funds as host organization/liaises with participating agencies

Business Experts

: Advises on a business

strategy

: find possible way to make a

local business sustainable , by

applying shared technologies

Local Business Model

Tech. Experts

Business Experts

Local Partners

ASEIC (SMBA/SBC) Gov’t of

Cambodia

GGGI-Cambodia Program

GGGI-ASEIC Project

in Cambodia

GGGI

Local AT Center

ASEIC Project Scope

3.3. Planning with stakeholders

3.3. Planning for pilot projects

20

GGGI/ASEIC NGOs/IOs/Private sector/etc. Funder:

Capacity Building

@ Appropriate Technology Center

Encouraging Local Entrepreneurship

Business Input (tentative in 2013)

Creating Local Business

– Technical Expertise

– Financial Assistance

– Business Strategy

– Micro Finance

Subsidizing Items

(fund from NGOs or International

Organizations)

Solar Cookers 20 units

Item:

Waste Incinerators

20 units

3.4. Implementing and Monitoring

Improved solar dryer

Create Jobs

Improve Health and Sanitation

Prevent Deforestation

Create Local Market

Reduce Pollution

Appropriate Technology

21

Solar cooker for small-scale use

•Implementing with local communities : Getting training logs from the trainees as well as trainers • Getting Feedback: Daily reports on the consumption of new solar items written by local people • Monitoring : On-site Mid-term Review by GGGI with external partners

Solar Cooker Demonstration Ceremony 23 Nov 2011 @Takeo, Cambodia

3.5. Reviewing- Finalizing pilot projects

3.5.Reviewing - Solar Cookers Pilot Projects

23

• Successful demonstration event at Takeo

• Positive response from local people (it did work!)

» Alternative energy source (against deforestation) » Potential for local entrepreneurship

Solar Cooker Demonstration Ceremony 23 Nov 2011 @Takeo, Cambodia Korean Technical Experts are sharing their technology to the local staffs in the Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Community Development (ISAC)

3.5. Reviewing- Improved Waste Incinerators projects

24

• Established around school area in Phnom Penh

• Positive response from local people, authorities, and schools

» Contributed to the Improvement of health and sanitation issues » Educated local people how to dispose wastes

Improved Solar Dryer

Phnom Penh(2),

Battambang(1),

Mondulkiri(1)

Item Package

Advanced Solar

Cooker

Micro Solar Home

System

3.6. New Cycle for DIA

25

Create Jobs

Improve Health and Sanitation

Prevent Deforestation

Create Local Market

Reduce Pollution

AT

Takeo

Takeo

3.6. New Cycle for DIA

26

Planning

Monitoring Evaluating

Scoping Planning

Monitoring Evaluating

Scoping

<Phase I: pilot project> <Phase II : full - scale projects>

IV. Conclusion

27

28

4.1. Importance of Development Impact Assessment

Planning

Monitoring Evaluating

Scoping Cambodia

• Enhancing the

awareness on

Green Growth

Impact Assessment

GGGI

4.2. Need to develop Green Growth Impact Assessment

29

GGGI-Cambodia Partnership

Top-down Approach

Bottom-up Approach

Establish and administrate government strategies and vision, environmental policies and management

Raise individual environmental awareness and environmental-friendly behavior

Promote green growth through environmental knowledge sharing

Cambodia’s Green Growth dream comes true with right DIA.

Helen H. Lee Cambodia Program Manager, GGGI h.lee@gggi.org 8210-9530-9952