getty - naumov la lógica del terror

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    J. ARCH GETTY OLEG V. NAUMOV

    LA LGICA DEL TERROR Stalin y la autodestruccin

    de los bolcheviques, 1932-1939 Traduccin castellana de

    Santiago Jordn

    CRTICA BARCELONA

    2001, de la traduccin castellana para Espaa y Amrica

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