“getting under your skin”
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“GETTING UNDER YOUR SKIN”. What do you think this means...?. Right now you are wearing an air-conditioner, a blanket, a thermometer, a garbage disposal, a waterproof suit, a chemical factory and an oil refinery.”. Two Layers of Skin. Epidermis (outermost covering) Made of epithelial cells - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
“GETTING UNDER YOUR SKIN”
What do you think this means...?What do you think this means...?
Right now you are wearing an Right now you are wearing an air-conditioner, a blanket, a air-conditioner, a blanket, a
thermometer, a garbage thermometer, a garbage disposal, a waterproof suit, disposal, a waterproof suit, a chemical factory and an oil a chemical factory and an oil
refinery.”refinery.”
Two Layers of SkinTwo Layers of Skin
11 Epidermis Epidermis (outermost covering)(outermost covering)
Made of epithelial cells
Is avascular (no blood vessels)
2. Dermis (true skin)
Made of connective tissue
Is vascular (has blood vessels)
Layers of the Layers of the EpidermisEpidermis
1. Squamous Germination Innermost epidermal layer Active layer of cell division (mitosis) Continually reproduces and new cells move
toward the surface (allows skin to self-repair)
2. Stratum Corneum (outermost layer) Horny layer of skin (cells are dead) Keratin replaces cytoplasm in the cells as they
approach the surface (waterproofs the skin) Slightly acidic – destroys many organisms –
first line of defense against surface bacteria
Layers of the Epidermis Layers of the Epidermis (continued)(continued)
3. Pigment Layer3. Pigment Layer Layer that contains
melanocytes which produce the brown pigment melanin that give the skin its color
Ultra-violet rays produce an increase in melanin = tan or sunburn
Albinism – absence of melanin
Freckles – patches of melanin
We get a new outer skin layer We get a new outer skin layer every 27 days!every 27 days!
Flat and scale-like cells of the Flat and scale-like cells of the stratum corneum flake offstratum corneum flake off
Dermis Layer Dermis Layer (Corium or True Skin)(Corium or True Skin)
Thicker, inner layer of skin Framework of elastic connective tissue
(enables skin to stretch) Number of elastic fibers and collagen
decrease with age = wrinkles, sags, and lines Contains blood vessels, nerves, involuntary
muscle, sweat and oil glands, and hair follicles Sensory nerves end in nerve receptors which
are sensitive to heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure
Dermal PapillaeDermal Papillae
Ridges and grooves in upper layer of dermis that push into the stratum germinativum (Unique to each person)
Create permanent ridges in fingers, palms, and soles of feet
Provides maximum resistance to slipping when grasping and holding objects
Ridges create fingerprints used in identification
Subcutaneous Tissue or Subcutaneous Tissue or Hypodermal LayerHypodermal Layer
Lies under the dermis and carries major blood vessels and nerves to the skin above it
Made up of loose connective tissue (adipose) and contains about ½ of the body’s stored fat
Connects skin to underlying muscles
Adipose Tissue
3 Function of Subcutaneous 3 Function of Subcutaneous TissueTissue
1.1. Cushions the bodyCushions the body
2.2. Insulates the bodyInsulates the body
3.3. Site of Site of subcutaneous subcutaneous injections (large injections (large blood vessels)blood vessels)
Sudoriferous (Sweat Glands)Sudoriferous (Sweat Glands) Approximately 3 million sweat glands
throughout the body Most are found under the arms (axilla),
palms of hands, soles of the feet, and forehead
They are tubular with a coiled base in the dermis and a tube-like duct which extends to form a pore in the epidermis
Water filters through the thin walls from surrounding tissue
Water is mixed with small amounts of waste material such as ammonia and uric acid
Sudoriferous (Sweat Glands)Sudoriferous (Sweat Glands)
These glands can be activated by heat, pain, fever, and nervousness
On an average summer day, these glands will pump out about 2 quarts of fluid
Sudoriferous Glands – Two Sudoriferous Glands – Two TypesTypes1.1. Eccrine – Eccrine –
Produces perspiration and functions throughout life
Assists in body heat regulation
Perspiration is 99% water and average
fluid loss is 500 ml.per day2. Apocrine – (larger than eccrine
glands) Found in axilla and genitalia Enlarges and begins to function
during puberty Secretes a thick milky secretion Skin bacteria breaks these secretions
and causes the odor you smell
Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)
Secretes oil or sebum for hair and skin which protects your hair and skin from drying out
Makes skin waterproof These glands increase five-
fold between ages 10-19 Usually opens onto a hair
follicle
Plugged Sebaceous GlandsPlugged Sebaceous Glands
Plugged sebaceous glands (oil glands) will produce blackheads or pimples
Acne Vulgaris is an inflammation of sebaceous glands
HairHair Millions cover the body Anatomy of a hair: Root – part of the hair
implanted in the skin Shaft – part of the hair
which projects from the skin Hair Follicle – epidermal
tube-like structure that holds the hair root (extension of the epidermis deep into the dermis)
Papilla – tuff of tissue at the bottom of the follicle that contains blood vessels
Hair Bulb – Where hair growth starts
Hair FollicleHair Follicle
Outer layer = cortex Inner layer = medulla
How Hair Grows (Cycles)How Hair Grows (Cycles)1.1. Hair is produced in the hair Hair is produced in the hair
bulbbulb2.2. Blood vessels in the papilla Blood vessels in the papilla
supply the hair bulb with supply the hair bulb with nourishmentnourishment
3.3. Division of cells in the hair Division of cells in the hair follicle gives rise to new hairfollicle gives rise to new hair
4.4. These cells divide and These cells divide and undergo keratinizationundergo keratinization
5.5. Hair grows longer as cells Hair grows longer as cells are added to the base of the are added to the base of the hair roothair root
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
Based on your Based on your knowledge of hair knowledge of hair growth cycles, why growth cycles, why does your hair grow does your hair grow back when you use back when you use products such as Nair products such as Nair to get rid of hairs on to get rid of hairs on your body?your body?
How Hair GrowsHow Hair Grows
As long as cells in As long as cells in the papilla of the the papilla of the hair follicle remain hair follicle remain alive, new hair will alive, new hair will replace any that is replace any that is cut or plucked.cut or plucked.
How Hair GrowsHow Hair Grows
Alopecia Alopecia
Hair loss of Hair loss of any kind.any kind.
Arrector Pili MuscleArrector Pili Muscle
Involuntary muscle that attaches to the lower end of the hair follicle near the bulb and the other end is attached to connective tissue in the dermis
Produces “goose pimples” or “goose bumps” to trap heat and keep the body warm
NailsNails
Nail is formed in the nail bed or matrix
Epidermal cells fused together and fill with keratin
7 Functions of the 7 Functions of the Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
1.1. Protective coveringProtective covering
2.2. Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature
3.3. Manufactures Vitamin DManufactures Vitamin D
4.4. Sensory FunctionSensory Function
5.5. Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water, and Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water, and saltssalts
6.6. Screens out harmful ultraviolet readiationScreens out harmful ultraviolet readiation
7.7. Absorbs certain drugsAbsorbs certain drugs
Skin and MicroorganismsSkin and Microorganisms Intact skin = best protection
against pathogens, toxins and water loss
Skin generally too dry for microbial growth – they do grow in moist areas
Most skin bacteria associated with hair follicles or sweat glands
Underarm perspiration odor caused by bacteria and perspiration
The best way to prevent the The best way to prevent the spread if disease is by hand spread if disease is by hand
washingwashing
First Degree BurnsFirst Degree Burns Involves only the Involves only the
epidermisepidermis Sunburn is an exampleSunburn is an example Symptoms: redness, pain, Symptoms: redness, pain,
and small amount of swellingand small amount of swelling Treatment – apply cool Treatment – apply cool
water and analgesics for painwater and analgesics for pain Healing Time: 3 – 6 days Healing Time: 3 – 6 days
and tissue destructions is and tissue destructions is minimalminimal
Burns
BurnsBurns Second Degree BurnSecond Degree Burn May involve the epidermis and May involve the epidermis and
the dermisthe dermis Symptoms: Pain, swelling, Symptoms: Pain, swelling,
redness and blisters (Skin may redness and blisters (Skin may be exposed to infection)be exposed to infection)
Treatment: Pain medication Treatment: Pain medication and dry sterile dressing over and dry sterile dressing over open skin areas (DO NOT open skin areas (DO NOT POP THE BLISTERS!)POP THE BLISTERS!)
Healing Time – 2-3 weeks with Healing Time – 2-3 weeks with minimal cosmetic defects minimal cosmetic defects ( May have change in skin ( May have change in skin color or pigmentation)color or pigmentation)
BurnsBurns
Third Degree BurnsThird Degree Burns Destruction of the epidermis, Destruction of the epidermis,
dermis and sometimes the dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous layersubcutaneous layer
Can involve underlying muscles Can involve underlying muscles and even bonesand even bones
Symptoms: loss of skin, eschar, Symptoms: loss of skin, eschar, and there may be no pain due to and there may be no pain due to damaged nervesdamaged nerves
May be life- threatening damage May be life- threatening damage depending on the amount of skin depending on the amount of skin and fluid loss, as well as plasmaand fluid loss, as well as plasma
Treatment:Treatment: Immediate hospitalization Immediate hospitalization Prevent infection and skin Prevent infection and skin
contracturescontractures Fluid replacementFluid replacement Skin grafts as soon as possibleSkin grafts as soon as possible
BurnsBurns
Rule of NinesRule of Nines
Treatment and possibility of Treatment and possibility of recovery from burns recovery from burns depend on the total body depend on the total body area affected and the area affected and the severity of the burnseverity of the burn
It is used to measure the It is used to measure the percent of the body burned.percent of the body burned.
Rule of Rule of NinesNines
The body is divided into 11 The body is divided into 11 areas and each area areas and each area accounts for 9% of the total accounts for 9% of the total body surfacebody surface
Major Burns:Major Burns: Second degree over 25% Second degree over 25%
of adult body surface area of adult body surface area (b.s.a.) or more than 20% of (b.s.a.) or more than 20% of a child’s body surface areaa child’s body surface area
Third degree burn over Third degree burn over more than 10% of adult more than 10% of adult body surface area.body surface area.
Practical ApplicationPractical Application
Patrick was involved in a fire when his Patrick was involved in a fire when his race car crashed. He burned his face, race car crashed. He burned his face, entire right arm, back, buttock, and front of entire right arm, back, buttock, and front of right leg. What percent of his body was right leg. What percent of his body was burned?burned?
40.5%40.5%
Now, do you know what this Now, do you know what this means…?means…?
Right now you are wearing an Right now you are wearing an air-conditioner, a blanket, a air-conditioner, a blanket, a
thermometer, a garbage thermometer, a garbage disposal, a waterproof suit, disposal, a waterproof suit, a chemical factory and an oil a chemical factory and an oil
refinery.”refinery.”