getting to the poynt - poynting tech
TRANSCRIPT
Getting to the PoyntA guide through the antenna specification minefield
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Presenter:Dr. André Fourie Chairman of Poynting Antennas
• Ph.D Electrical Engineering 1991• Professor at Wits until 2001• Founded Poynting Antennas 2001• Listed as inventor in over 30 patents• Published over 50 academic papers and 4 books
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• Antenna Properties & Problems interpreting specifications
• Application considerations
• How to choose your antenna
• Impact on Data Rate, including MIMO
• Environmental Considerations
• Why pay for reputable, well designed antennas
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Overview of the more common Cellular & Wi-Fi Bands:
Country specific frequency bands not differentiated in the above overview
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Picture (example) Antenna Type Key/Typical Characteristics Application Examples
Yagi–Uda(aka Yagi)
Directional coverageHigh gainNarrow bandwidth
Television
Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA)
Directional CoverageHigh GainWide Bandwidth
Cellular CPE/Repeaters
Omni Wide area coverageLow/Medium Gain
Broadcast of securityWi-Fi to wide areasVehicle communications (e.g. police, emergency services, etc.)
Flat panelDirectionalMedium GainWide Bandwidth
Directional coverage of Wi-Fi, Cellular, etc.
PuckSmall enclosure, Low GainWide area coverageMulti-technology in one
Industrial Wi-FiInternal and external vehicle communications
MIMO 2x, 3x or 4x RF streams (chains)General & Public Wi-FiUtilities and other communication Wi-FiCellular LTE
Helical DirectionalHelical polarisation
MinesTunnels
Parabolic (Dish / Grid)
Very directionalVery high gain
Point to point communicationMicrowave backhaul & access networkSatellite communication
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What are the various antennas used for?
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Azimuth (Top view) Elevation (Side view)
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Azimuth (Top view) Elevation (Side view)
Half Power Beamwidth
(angle in degrees)
Half Power (-3dB points)
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Low Gain
~3dBi
Med Gain
~6dBi
High Gain
~9dBi
Wide Vertical
Beamwidth
Medium Vertical
Beamwidth
Narrow Vertical
Beamwidth
Wide Vertical
Beamwidth
Medium Vertical
Beamwidth
Narrow Vertical
Beamwidth
Low Gain
~6dBi
Med Gain
~9dBi
High Gain
~14dBi
Elevation
(Side View)
Azimuth
(Top View)
OMNI ANTENNA DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA
High gain antenna not necessarily better than low gain: it
depends on the
application
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Antenna radiation patterns and gain change as the frequency changes.
Example 1: Good 3D Radiation Pattern vs Frequency Example 2: Poor Gain vs. Frequency, for wide band antennas
Manufacturers often quote the highest
gain on their specifications
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Idealistic Gain Across the whole Band
Poor Gain Across most of the band
8dBi 8dBi
Both antennas have the same gain according to the spec sheets, so why is the one performing
better that the other?
Antennas with equal spec gain
are not equal !!
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HIGH PERFORMANCE ANTENNAS(Real Examples: Power radiated in desired direction)
POOR PERFORMANCE ANTENNA(Hypothetical Examples)
Dire
ctio
nal
Ant
enna
sO
mni
A
nten
nas
Most of the antenna gain is lost, away from the target direction
Centre of the beam is performing poorly at only 1dBi gain
‘Dead spots’on antenna radiation pattern severely impacts performance
Most of the antenna gain is lost, away from the target direction
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Horizontal Radiation Pattern(Top View)
Poor Quality,3D Radiation Pattern
What does an ideal performing Omni antenna pattern look like?
VerticalRadiation Pattern(Side View)
What does a poor performing Omni antenna pattern look like?
Key:Poor Gain/Performance Good Gain/Performance
VerticalRadiation Pattern(Side View)Good Qualiy,
3D Radiation Pattern
Horizontal Radiation Pattern(Top View)
HIGH GAIN towards the sky Not beneficial
LOW GAIN towards the horizon This is where
you rather want the antenna to perform
IRREGULAR horizontal beamwidthmany reception variationsaround the vehicle
GAIN where it matters
GOOD horizontal beamwidth
reception consistentaround the vehicle
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Vertical Polarisation Horizontal PolarisationCircular Polarisation
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Transmitting and receive antennas should have the same polarisation to ensure maximum reception
Used for mines & tunnels (e.g. Wi-Fi)
Combination of linear polarisation for 0⁰ / 90⁰ or +45⁰/-45⁰
(example X-Polarised & MIMO antennas)Suitable for RFID
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Small housing, low gain omni-directional antennas
Medium gain omni-directional antennas
OMNI-296
2.4 - 2.5 & 5 - 6 GHz3.3 - 3.8 GHz
Dualband Wi-Fi, Wimax
OMNI-69
790 – 960 MHz1710 – 2700 MHz
Cellular, Wi-FiOMNI-275
452 - 468, 790 - 960 MHz790 – 960 MHz
Cellular, Wi-Fi
OMNI-121
690 - 960 MHz1.7-2.1 & 2.5-2.7 GHz
Cellular
MIMO-1
698 – 960 MHz1.7 - 2.7, 5.0 - 6.0 GHz
Cellular & Wi-FiOMNI-85
690 – 2700 MHz
Cellular & Wi-FiOMNI-39
790 – 960 MHz1710 – 2700 MHz
CellularOMNI-232
Cellular795 – 960 MHz
1710 – 2700 MHz
OMNI-291
450 – 2700 MHz
Cellular & Wi-Fi
OMNI-50
2.4 - 2.5 GHz
Wi-Fi
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Medium & high gain directional antennas
Helical directional antennas
LPDA-0092
693 – 3000 MHz
Cellular & Wi-Fi
XPOL-13
3400 – 3800 MHz
LTE/WiMaxXPOL-1
790 – 960 MHz1710 – 2700 MHz
Cellular & Wi-FiXPOL-2
698 – 2700 MHz
Cellular & Wi-FiXPOL-16
450 - 470, 790 - 860 MHz1710-2170 MHz
Cellular
HELI-8
2.4 - 2.5 GHz
Circular Wi-FiHELI-3
2.4 - 2.5 GHz
Circular Wi-FiHELI-4
2.4 - 2.5 GHz
Circular Wi-Fi
PATCH-25
860 – 960 MHz
Circular RFID
PATCH-26
820 – 970 MHz
Linear RFID
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RFID Patch Antennas
2.4 - 2.5, 5.0 - 6.0 GHz
Dualband Wi-FiWLAN-61WLAN-60
2.4 - 2.5, 5.0 - 6.0 GHz3.4 - 3.8 GHz
Dualband Wi-Fi WiMax
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Indoor Device (No External Antenna)
Poynting Med Gain Antenna
Poynting High Gain Antenna
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 10 20
Da
ta T
hrou
ghp
ut (M
bp
s)
Distance from Base Station (Km)
Approx. Data Throughput vs. Distance
25
20
15
10
5
0
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Ideal 2x2 MIMO can double the data throughput and more for 3x3 or 4x4 MIMO
Data stream reception is enhanced with MIMO in Multipath propagation
environments
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Example:+ Pol or X-Pol 2x2 MIMO can almost guarantee double
throughput
3x3 and 4x4 MIMO provides even higher throughput
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WindDesigned to withstand160Km
wind speeds and MORE
SunUV protection so enclosure
does not become brittle
Rain, Ice & SnowUV protection so enclosure
does not become brittle
QualityHigh quality design, materials
and manufacturing
Rust & CorrosionDesigned for salt water spray
(OMNI-291 is salt-water protected)
EnvironmentalProperties invisible to customers but cause failures much later. Need to use reputable manufacturer!
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Environmental aspects considered and tested
Antennas are designed addressing functional imperatives which users are often unaware of
Long track record and history
Reliable and comprehensive specs which informs rather than misleads users
Reseller reputation
Internationally respected for performance & build Quality
Testing complexity means customer have to to rely
on manufacturer’s design& specifications
Provides access to product experts
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• Antenna performance is critical for any wireless connection, hence on your bottom-line.
• Consequential costs of communications failure is much larger than the cost of the antenna.
• Cost of installation alone, often exceeds antenna price (due to recalls & reinstalls).
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Thank you!Any questions?
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