Getting to Know Plants

SACHIT

AGGARWAL

HERBS

Plants with green and tender stems are

called Herbs. They are usually short and may not have many branches. They are also used for food,

flavouring, medicine, or perfume.

SHRUBSSome plants have the

stem branching out near the base. The stem is hard

but not very thick. Such plants are called Shrubs.

An area of cultivated shrubs in a park or a garden is known as a

Shrubbery.

TREESSome plants are very tall and have hard and thick brown stem. The stems

have branches in the upper part, much above the ground. Such plants are called Trees. They tend to be long-lived, some reaching several

thousand years old.

CLIMBERS & CREEPERS

Plants that take support on neighbouring

structures and climb up are called Climbers.

Plants with weak

stems that cannot stand

upright and spread on

the ground are called

Creepers.

STEMS

The Stem helps the water and minerals to

go to leaves and

other plant parts attached to the stem,

through narrow tubes inside them.

LEAVESA Leaf is an organ of a plant.The part of a leaf by which it

is attached to the stem is called Petiole. The broad, green part of the leaf is

called Lamina. The lines on the leaf are called Veins and the thick vein in the middle

is called the Midrib. The design made by veins in a

leaf is called the Leaf Venation.

LEAF VENATION

PARALLEL VENATION

In the leaves of grass the veins are parallel to one another.

This is Parallel Venation.

RETICULATE VENATION

If the design is net-like on both sides of midrib, the venation is

Reticulate Venation.

TRANSPIRATION

Water comes out of leaves in the form

of vapour by a process called Transpiration.

Plants release a lot of water into the air

through this process.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Leaves prepare their food in

the presence of sunlight and a green coloured substance

present in them. For this, they use water and carbon dioxide from air. This process is called

Photosynthesis. Oxygen is given out in this process. The food

prepared by leaves ultimately gets stored in different parts

of plant as starch.

ROOTS

The Roots help in holding the plant firmly in the soil. They are said to

anchor the plant to the soil.

TYPES OF ROOTS

TAP ROOT In a plant with a taproot

system, the Taproot is the largest, most central, and most

dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally.

FIBROUS ROOTA Fibrous Root system is usually formed by thin,

moderately branching roots growing from the stem.

FLOWERS

A Flower, is the reproductive

structure found in plants. The

prominent parts of the open flower are the Petals. The small

leaf-like structure are called the

Sepals.

PARTS OF A FLOWER

STAMENThe Stamen is the

pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.

PISTILThe ovule producing part

of a flower is known as the Pistil.

PARTS OF STAMEN• Anther: The part of the

stamen where pollen is produced.

• Filament: The filament is a stalk that connects to the anther.

PARTS OF PISTIL• Style: It is a long, slender

stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary.

• Stigma: It is a sticky platform at the top of the style where pollen is deposited.

• Ovary :The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.

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