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Installation Guide | PUBLIC SAP IQ 16.1 SP 04 Document Version: 1.0.0 – 2020-10-15 Getting Started With SAP IQ © 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. THE BEST RUN

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Page 1: Getting Started With SAP IQ

Installation Guide | PUBLICSAP IQ 16.1 SP 04Document Version: 1.0.0 – 2020-10-15

Getting Started With SAP IQ

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Content

1 Getting Started With SAP IQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Why Use This Guide?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Overview of What To Do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 Choosing Your Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

5 Setting Up a Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 The IQdemo Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.2 The Utility Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.3 Starting Your Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 Creating a New Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.5 Converting the Server to Multiplex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

6 Creating Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.1 LDAP and Kerberos Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.2 The Security Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7 Creating Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

8 Loading Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

9 Backing Up and Restoring Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

10 Requesting Information from the Database via Queries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810.1 Distributed Queries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1910.2 Query Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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Content

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1 Getting Started With SAP IQ

This guide provides a brief overview of the things you can do after you install SAP IQ.

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2 Why Use This Guide?

SAP IQ is a high-performance decision-support server designed specifically for mission-critical business intelligence, analytics, and data warehousing. Component Integration Services within SAP IQ provide direct access to relational and non-relational databases on mainframe, UNIX, or Windows servers.

If you are new to SAP IQ and don't know what to do, this guide shows you the general flow of what you do, and sends you to specific locations in the documentation set for both instructions and further details. This guide is not a tutorial, and does not itself provide step-by-step instructions.

This guide assumes you have already installed the SAP IQ product. If you have not, see the SAP IQ Installation and Update Guide for your platform for step-by-step instructions on how to install SAP IQ.

For an introduction to the SAP IQ product, its concepts, and its components, see Introduction to SAP IQ. This guide also provides reference information for the SAP IQ product, including editions and licensing, descriptions of the guides in the documentation set, online resources, and key concepts and features.

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Why Use This Guide?

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3 Overview of What To Do

Now that you have successfully installed SAP IQ, you are ready to start setting it up.

This guide covers the general flow of tasks you perform to get started with SAP IQ:

1. You perform administrative tasks in SAP IQ using a command line-based utility that lets you combine several actions that you can execute at once.

2. There is nothing to administer until you actually have a database with which to work. For this purpose, you can either create a new database, or use an existing one that is provided for you, called the IQdemo database.

3. Once you have a database, you are ready to start creating users who access the database.4. With users who can access your database, you can now create tables within your database.5. Your newly created but empty tables are now ready to load some actual data.

In addition to setting up your system, this guide also touches on backing up your database (and loading the data back into your database), as well as performing queries to request information from the database.

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4 Choosing Your Tool

You can perform administrative tasks in SAP IQ using one of two methods: SAP IQ Cockpit, and Interactive SQL.

These two methods are not mutually exclusive; depending on your needs, you can choose one or the other for the same system.

NoteThe SAP IQ Cockpit user documentation is task-based, with little conceptual information. When providing citations to information, Getting Started With SAP IQ (this guide) first points to concept information, then to steps for performing the tasks in either command line (SQL) or GUI (Cockpit) methods.

Interactive SQL

Interactive SQL is a utility that ships with SAP IQ and lets you execute SQL statements, build scripts, and display database data. It let's you want work primarily in a command line environment for executing SQL statements. Interactive SQL is a component of both the SAP IQ server and client software installation. It can be installed on either a serer or client machine, as part of the SAP IQ server installation or afterward, as needed.

For more information about Interactive SQL, see the .

SAP IQ Cockpit

SAP IQ Cockpit is a Web-based tool for managing and monitoring SAP IQ. You can use SAP IQ Cockpit to perform several tasks, such as:

● Start and stop SAP IQ● Monitor SAP IQ● Configure system settings● Manage users and permissions● Create tables

Its advantage is that you can use it in a browser window, and monitor other SAP products in addition to SAP IQ. Cockpit allows simultaneous users to access SAP IQ remotely using a browser-based UI that supports Flash.

SAP IQ Cockpit is a component of the SAP IQ server software.

For more information about cockpit, see the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.

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5 Setting Up a Database

You need a database to use SAP IQ.

For new installations, you can either create your own database from scratch, or use the IQdemo database (iqdemo.db), which is included in your SAP IQ installation.

The default setup for SAP IQ is to have one SAP IQ server for one SAP IQ database, but you can choose to migrate this default setup to a system where multiple machines, known as secondary nodes, working together as a single entity, using a single SAP IQ database. This configuration is know as a multiplex system.

For more information about SAP IQ multiplex, see the Administration: Multiplex guide.

In this section:

The IQdemo Database [page 8]The SAP IQ IQdemo database (iqdemo.db) is a database that contains sample data about a fictional company that sells athletic clothing.

The Utility Server [page 8]The utility server is a phantom database with no physical representation. It has no database file, and therefore cannot contain data. You use the utility server to create a database.

Starting Your Tool [page 9]If you set up and are running either the IQdemo database or the utility server, you can now start your tool.

Creating a New Database [page 9]Creating an SAP IQ database is part of a larger setup process that begins with installation and ends when your database is available to users.

Converting the Server to Multiplex [page 10]When you initially set up your database, you are running a single SAP IQ server. Optionally, you can convert this SAP IQ server into a multiplex server, which can then serve as a coordinator node to additional servers in a multiplex configuration. This lets you administer SAP IQ in a cluster environment that provides flexible resource configurations and management.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: Multiplex

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5.1 The IQdemo Database

The SAP IQ IQdemo database (iqdemo.db) is a database that contains sample data about a fictional company that sells athletic clothing.

it is designed to provide an environment to begin familiarizing yourself with SAP IQ. It is not designed to be used in a production environment.

For steps on creating the IQdemo database, see (Optional) The Demo Database in the Postinstallation Tasks chapter of the SAP IQ Installation and Update Guide for your SAP IQ server platform.

For a more thorough description of the IQdemo database, see Connecting to the Demo Database from dbisql in the SAP IQ Administration: Database guide.

Related Information

Connecting to the Demo Database from dbisql (UNIX)Connecting to the Demo Database from dbisql (Windows)(Optional) The Demo Database

5.2 The Utility Server

The utility server is a phantom database with no physical representation. It has no database file, and therefore cannot contain data. You use the utility server to create a database.

The utility server has no default password. It uses a temporary password, which you define during startup. The password is valid only for the duration the utility server is running. A new password must be defined each time the utility server is started.

You can also use SAP IQ Cockpit to create a database, but to do this requires that you log on to a running database server. For new SAP IQ installations, this running server can be the utility server.

For complete details on the utility database including the SQL statements you can run while connected to it, see The Utility Database in SAP IQ Administration: Database.

When you are ready to start the utility server, see the following:

● Interactive SQL – Connecting to the Utility Database in the SAP IQ Interactive SQL Guide● SAP IQ Cockpit – SAP IQ Utility Server in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide

Related Information

Connecting to the Utility DatabaseThe Utility Database

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5.3 Starting Your Tool

If you set up and are running either the IQdemo database or the utility server, you can now start your tool.

Procedure

● Interactive SQL:a. Follow the instructions in Start Interactive SQL in SAP IQ Interactive SQL Guide for your platform.

For complete details on starting Interactive SQL using various configuration options, see Interactive SQL Command Line Options in the SAP IQ Interactive SQL Guide.

● SAP IQ Cockpit:a. Start the SAP IQ Cockpit server.

See Start and Stop the SAP IQ Cockpit Server in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.b. Log into the SAP IQ Cockpit console.

See Logging In to the SAP IQ Cockpit Console in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.

Related Information

Start Interactive SQLInteractive SQL Command Line OptionsStart and Stop the SAP IQ Cockpit Server

5.4 Creating a New Database

Creating an SAP IQ database is part of a larger setup process that begins with installation and ends when your database is available to users.

To learn more about the concepts around the database creation process, see the Create and Manage SAP IQ Databases chapter of the SAP IQ Administration: Database guide. Use it to get a better understanding of how SAP IQ manages database creation.

Command Line

The iqinit utility starts a database that gives the user executing the utility permission to create a database. The CREATE DATABASE SQL statement allows you to specify available settings and configurations for your new database.

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See CREATE DATABASE Statement in the SAP IQ SQL Reference guide for a comprehensive list of options and parameters, as well as examples.

See iqinit Database Administration Utility in the SAP IQ Utility Reference for complete reference information.

SAP IQ Cockpit

Use the Create Database wizard in SAP IQ Cockpit to create an SAP IQ database.

The wizard walks you through the process, and allows you to customize your basic settings. See Creating a Database in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.

Related Information

Create and Manage SAP IQ DatabasesCREATE DATABASE Statementiqinit Database Administration UtilityCreating a Database

5.5 Converting the Server to Multiplex

When you initially set up your database, you are running a single SAP IQ server. Optionally, you can convert this SAP IQ server into a multiplex server, which can then serve as a coordinator node to additional servers in a multiplex configuration. This lets you administer SAP IQ in a cluster environment that provides flexible resource configurations and management.

Converting your new SAP IQ server into a multiplex is a two-part process. In SAP IQ Cockpit:

1. Convert an SAP IQ server to a multiplex server that acts as the coordinator node. Follow the steps in Converting a Simplex to Multiplex in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.

2. Add a secondary server that serves as the secondary node. Follow the steps in Adding a Secondary Server in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.

Instructions on how to perform additional tasks for multiplex servers using SAP IQ Cockpit are in the Multiplex chapter of the SAP IQ Cockpit guide.

To use command line syntax to convert an SAP IQ server to multiplex, as well as manage a multiplex system, see the SAP IQ Administration: Multiplex guide for information about creating and managing multiplex servers using command line syntax:

● Create Multiplex Servers – provides detailed information about multiplex servers, including how to manage them using command line syntax.

● Converting Databases to Multiplex – provides step-by-step instructions for using CREATE MULTIPLEX SERVER.

● CREATE MULTIPLEX SERVER Statement – provides complete reference information for using CREATE MULTIPLEX SERVER.

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6 Creating Users

User management includes the creation and deletion of user IDs, managing passwords, as well as using LDAP for user authentication.

For complete information on managing users, see SAP IQ Administration: User Management and Security. In particular, the Security Management chapter covers such topics as roles, passwords, and users.

You can create users at the SQL level, or in SAP IQ Cockpit.

Before creating new users, you may wish to first create roles so that you can customize the various privileges your users will have. See The Security Model [page 13] for a description on role-based security.

In this section:

LDAP and Kerberos Authentication [page 12]SAP IQ supports LDAP and Kerberos external authentication methods.

The Security Model [page 13]SAP IQ uses a role-based security model, which uses roles, system privileges, object-level privileges, and user-extended roles.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: User Management and SecuritySecurity ManagementRolesUsers

6.1 LDAP and Kerberos Authentication

SAP IQ supports LDAP and Kerberos external authentication methods.

LDAP

You can integrate SAP IQ into any existing enterprise-wide directory access framework based on Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), a widely accepted international standard.

To learn how LDAP user authentication works with SAP IQ, see SAP IQ Administration: User Management and Security. The section in LDAP User Authentication with SAP IQ explains this in detail, and the steps to enable LDAP are provided in Enabling LDAP User Authentication.

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To perform all LDAP server configurations using SAP IQ Cockpit, see LDAP Servers in SAP IQ Cockpit. Creating an LDAP Server Configuration Object starts you on your first step.

Kerberos

The Kerberos login feature allows you to maintain a single user ID and password for database connections, operating system, and network logins.

To learn how Kerberos user authentication works with SAP IQ, see SAP IQ Administration: User Management and Security. The section in Kerberos user authentication explains this in detail, and the steps to enable Kerberos are provided in Setting up a Kerberos system.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: User Management and SecurityLDAP User Authentication with SAP IQEnabling LDAP User AuthenticationKerberos user authenticationSetting up a Kerberos systemSAP IQ Cockpit Non-GUI Administration and MonitoringLDAP ServersCreating an LDAP Server Configuration Object

6.2 The Security Model

SAP IQ uses a role-based security model, which uses roles, system privileges, object-level privileges, and user-extended roles.

This role-based security model provides a way to control access to database objects and executing privileged operations. This model provides complete control and granularity for the privileges you want to grant to users. Each privileged operation in a database requires one or more system or object-level privileges be assigned to the user to execute the operation.

Security Management in SAP IQ Administration: User Management and Security discusses the security model in detail, including role-based security. When you are ready to start creating role-based users, follow the steps in Creating a Role-Based User in SAP IQ Cockpit.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: User Management and SecuritySecurity Management

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7 Creating Tables

When you create a database, the only tables in it are the system tables, which hold the database schema. So now that you have a database and users, you're ready to create your own tables.

Table Management in SAP IQ Administration: Database discusses such topics as creating, changing, and dropping tables.

When you are ready to create tables, you can use either command line SQL or SAP IQ Cockpit:

● Command line SQL – Guidelines for Creating Tables in the SAP IQ Administration: Database guide covers information specific to table creation.

● SAP IQ Cockpit – Tables in the SAP IQ Cockpit guide provides you with step-by-step instructions for creating various types of tables.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: DatabaseTable ManagementCreating a TableSAP IQ Cockpit Non-GUI Administration and MonitoringTables

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8 Loading Data

SAP IQ offers a choice of methods to add data into your newly created table.

There are two primary methods for getting data into your table:

● Importing data – the LOAD TABLE statement lets you efficiently bulk load tables from flat files:○ You can bulk load data directly into an SAP IQ table by using the LOAD TABLE FORMAT BCP option,

which uses the BCP bulk copy utility.○ SAP IQ also supports bulk loading of remote data using the LOAD TABLE USING CLIENT FILE

option.For information on how to import data from a text or binary file using the LOAD TABLE statement, see Bulk Loads with the LOAD TABLE Statement in SAP IQ Administration: Load Management. LOAD TABLE Statement in SAP IQ SQL Reference provides comprehensive reference information on how to use this statement.

● Inserting data – the INSERT statement lets you insert data without first putting it in a flat file:○ The INSERT statement with the VALUES option lets you insert specific values into a table row by row○ INSERT with a SELECT statement clause lets you insert rows selected from a table (including a table

residing in another database)For information on how to insert data using the INSERT statement, see:○ Using the INSERT Statement in SAP IQ Administration: Load Management○ Inserting Specified Values Row by Row in SAP IQ Administration: Load Management○ Inserting Selected Rows from the Database in SAP IQ Administration: Load Management○ INSERT Statement in SAP IQ SQL Reference – this topic provides comprehensive reference information

on how to use this statement.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: Load ManagementBulk Loads with the LOAD TABLE StatementUsing the INSERT StatementInserting Specified Values Row by RowInserting Selected Rows from the DatabaseSAP IQ SQL ReferenceLOAD TABLE StatementINSERT Statement

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9 Backing Up and Restoring Databases

Regular and frequent backups are your only protection against database or device failure. Consider the performance implications of various backup options, and create an appropriate backup plan.

SAP IQ Administration: Backup, Restore, and Data Recovery provides comprehensive information on data backups, as well as database restoration. The backup process involves running the BACKUP DATABASE statement, as described in Database Backup. For complete reference information about the BACKUP DATABASE command, see BACKUP DATABASE Statement in SAP IQ SQL Reference.

When you need to restore your database, you execute RESTORE DATABASE using the backup file. The process is described inDatabase Restore, and complete reference information is at RESTORE DATABASE Statement in SAP IQ SQL Reference.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: Backup, Restore, and Data RecoveryDatabase BackupDatabase RestoreSAP IQ SQL ReferenceBACKUP DATABASE StatementRESTORE DATABASE Statement

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10 Requesting Information from the Database via Queries

Now that you have data in your table, you are ready to send requests to the database for information by way of the SELECT statement.

The SELECT statement sends queries to the database and returns specific information you're looking for. The following SELECT statement, for example, will return the ID and order date from the SalesOrders table for orders made after January 1, 2017, with the results displayed by order date:

SELECT SalesOrders.ID,SalesOrders.OrderDate,FROM SalesOrders WHERE OrderDate > '2017/01/01' ORDER BY OrderDate

Although you can perform a query in SAP IQ Cockpit, you should use the Interactive SQL command line environment because it offers more robust functionality.

The Build and Execute Queries section in SAP IQ Interactive SQL Guide provides comprehensive information about how to construct your queries efficiently. Within the chapter, Execute Queries describes the ways you can execute your queries.

To perform queries using SAP IQ Cockpit, see Executing a SQL Query in SAP IQ Cockpit for the exact steps you perform.

For complete reference information on the SELECT statement — including parameters, examples, and permissions — see SELECT Statement in SAP IQ SQL Reference.

In this section:

Distributed Queries [page 19]If you set up a multiplex configuration, you can use distributed query processing (DQP) to improve performance by spreading the work of your query across multiple nodes in the cluster.

Query Plans [page 20]A query execution plan is the set of steps the database server uses to access information in the database related to a query.

Related Information

SAP IQ Interactive SQL GuideBuild and Execute QueriesExecute QueriesSAP IQ Cockpit Non-GUI Administration and MonitoringExecuting a SQL QuerySAP IQ SQL Reference

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SELECT Statement

10.1 Distributed Queries

If you set up a multiplex configuration, you can use distributed query processing (DQP) to improve performance by spreading the work of your query across multiple nodes in the cluster.

In a multiplex environment, the query optimizer breaks complex queries into fragments and distributes the fragments to different nodes for processing.

Distributing a query involves a leader node and one or more worker nodes. A query originates on the leader node. A worker node can be any node in the multiplex that can accept some of the query processing work. Any multiplex node type (reader, writer, or coordinator) can be a leader or a worker node.

The query optimizer determines whether to distribute the query. To distribute the query, the leader node breaks the query into parallel fragments and assigns the fragments to the worker nodes. The workers process the fragments and return the intermediate results. Queries that are unlikely to scale appropriately or degrade performance are not distributed; they are executed on a single node in the multiplex.

Unless you disable the DQP_ENABLED logical server policy option, there are no other configuration options you need to set to active distributed query processing.

To understand how distributed query processing works, see Distributed Query Processing in SAP IQ Administration: Multiplex.

For information on how to improve the performance of distributed query processing, see Distributed Query Performance in SAP IQ Performance and Tuning Series: Basics.

To set up your multiplex system to accommodate distributed query processing, follow the steps described in Shared-Nothing Multiplex in SAP IQ Cockpit.

Related Information

SAP IQ Administration: MultiplexDistributed Query ProcessingSAP IQ Performance and Tuning Series: BasicsDistributed Query PerformanceSAP IQ Cockpit Non-GUI Administration and Monitoring

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10.2 Query Plans

A query execution plan is the set of steps the database server uses to access information in the database related to a query.

The Plan Viewer is a tool to view a graphical diagram of the query plan. With it, you can check the multiplex node directories to review the query plan. The comprehensive query plan is in the leader node directory, and each distributed work unit has an HTML file generated by the node that received it.

To open the query plan in a Web browser, double-click the leader node directory. The query plan is represented visually by a structure called the query tree.

For instructions on how to view query plans, see View Query Execution Plans in SAP IQ Interactive SQL Guide. The section provides information on starting the plan viewer, as well as generating, customizing, saving, opening, and printing a query plan.

For more detailed information on the various options that let you configure your query plan, see Generating Query Plans in SAP IQ Performance and Tuning Series: Basics.

Related Information

SAP IQ Interactive SQL GuideView Query Execution PlansSAP IQ Performance and Tuning Series: BasicsGenerating Query Plans

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