getting started with homegrown tomatoes in north...

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Getting Started with Homegrown Tomatoes in North Florida By Karl Miller For many fruit and vegetable gardeners, few accomplishments match the thrill of pulling a ripe 4inch diameter beefsteak tomato off the vine. Here are a few basics for those relatively new to tomato gardening in north Florida. These observations and recommendations are oriented towards someone wanting to grow tomatoes in the soil (not in a greenhouse) for fresh eating (not for canning). When do I start? Tomatoes are one of the few warmseason vegetables in our area that do not do well directly seeded outdoors. Tomatoes are almost always put out as a starter plant because they are very vulnerable to cold temperatures, animals, disease, and over or underwatering during their first few weeks of life. I start my seeds indoors in pots in a sunny window or under a grow light during the first week of January. It is not necessary to start quite this early, but it will take 68 weeks to get robust starts for transplant. If shepherding little green creatures through the winter does not appeal to you, or if you’ve run out of time, you can skip this step and purchase tomato starts at a farmer’s market or other venue. A happy Sun Gold transplant. Labeling your garden plants is always a good idea. When can I plant outside? You will hear some people locally talk about March 10 th as a reliable ‘frostfree’ date. However, there are no guarantees with Florida weather. It’s important to point out that most people reading this will probably be growing tomatoes in town, where it is quite a bit warmer than outlying areas. For example, in the Duckpond area, where I live, winter lows are consistently 48 degrees warmer than outside of town, which for young plants can be the difference between life and death. Personally, I put tomatoes in the ground during the last week of February, but I always keep extra starts on hand in case we get hit with a severe freeze in March. If I lived outside of town I would probably wait until the second or third week of March. What do I plant? Most tomato varieties fall into two general categories: determinate and indeterminate. Determinate varieties are relatively compact and bushy and tend to produce most of their fruit early in a single concentrated pulse. These are ideal for canning and freezing, because fruit comes all at once. Indeterminate varieties, however, continue to grow indefinitely, like a sprawling vine, continuing to produce flowers (and fruit) along the way. The majority of tomatoes prized for fresh eating and cooking are indeterminate. In our climate, it is easiest to grow cherry tomatoes, which ounce for ounce can have just as much, or more, flavor as the big beefsteak tomato you may dream about. A local favorite is Sun Gold, an easytogrow hybrid that is incredibly sweet and delicious to most taste buds. This year I am growing the Sun Gold (orange color), Yellow Pear (heirloom,

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Getting  Started  with  Homegrown  Tomatoes  in  North  Florida  

 By  Karl  Miller  

For  many  fruit  and  vegetable  gardeners,  few  accomplishments  match  the  thrill  of  pulling  a  ripe  4-­‐inch  diameter  beefsteak  tomato  off  the  vine.    Here  are  a  few  basics  for  those  relatively  new  to  tomato  gardening  in  north  Florida.    These  observations  and  recommendations  are  oriented  towards  someone  wanting  to  grow  tomatoes  in  the  soil  (not  in  a  greenhouse)  for  fresh  eating  (not  for  canning).  

When  do  I  start?    Tomatoes  are  one  of  the  few  warm-­‐season  vegetables  in  our  area  that  do  not  do  well  directly  seeded  outdoors.    Tomatoes  are  almost  always  put  out  as  a  starter  plant  because  they  are  very  vulnerable  to  cold  temperatures,  animals,  disease,  and  over-­‐  or  under-­‐watering  during  their  first  few  weeks  of  life.    I  start  my  seeds  indoors  in  pots  in  a  sunny  window  or  under  a  grow  light  during  the  first  week  of  January.    It  is  not  necessary  to  start  quite  this  early,  but  it  will  take  6-­‐8  weeks  to  get  robust  starts  for  transplant.    If  shepherding  little  green  creatures  through  the  winter  does  not  appeal  to  you,  or  if  you’ve  run  out  of  time,  you  can  skip  this  step  and  purchase  tomato  starts  at  a  farmer’s  market  or  other  venue.    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 A  happy  Sun  Gold  transplant.  Labeling  your  garden  plants  is  always  a  good  idea.    When  can  I  plant  outside?    You  will  hear  some  people  locally  talk  about  March  10th  as  a  reliable  ‘frost-­‐free’  date.    However,  there  are  no  guarantees  with  Florida  weather.    It’s  important  to  point  out  that  most  people  reading  this  will  probably  be  growing  tomatoes  in  town,  where  it  is  quite  a  bit  warmer  than  outlying  areas.    For  example,  in  the  Duckpond  area,  where  I  live,  winter  lows  are  consistently  4-­‐8  degrees  warmer  than  outside  of  town,  which  for  young  plants  can  be  the  difference  between  life  and  death.    Personally,  I  put  tomatoes  in  the  ground  during  the  last  week  of  February,  but  I  always  keep  extra  starts  on  hand  in  case  we  get  hit  with  a  severe  freeze  in  March.    If  I  lived  outside  of  town  I  would  probably  wait  until  the  second  or  third  week  of  March.  

What  do  I  plant?    Most  tomato  varieties  fall  into  two  general  categories:  determinate  and  indeterminate.    Determinate  varieties  are  relatively  compact  and  bushy  and  tend  to  produce  most  of  their  fruit  early  in  a  single  concentrated  pulse.    These  are  ideal  for  canning  and  freezing,  because  fruit  comes  all  at  once.    Indeterminate  varieties,  however,  continue  to  grow  indefinitely,  like  a  sprawling  vine,  continuing  to  produce  flowers  (and  fruit)  along  the  way.    The  majority  of  tomatoes  prized  for  fresh  eating  and  cooking  are  indeterminate.  

In  our  climate,  it  is  easiest  to  grow  cherry  tomatoes,  which  ounce  for  ounce  can  have  just  as  much,  or  more,  flavor  as  the  big  beefsteak  tomato  you  may  dream  about.    A  local  favorite  is  Sun  Gold,  an  easy-­‐to-­‐grow  hybrid  that  is  incredibly  sweet  and  delicious  to  most  taste  buds.    This  year  I  am  growing  the  Sun  Gold  (orange  color),  Yellow  Pear  (heirloom,  

yellow  color),  and  Violet  Jasper  (heirloom,  crimson  red  and  green  stripes).    New  gardeners  in  north  Florida  will  increase  their  chance  of  success  by  starting  off  with  cherry  tomatoes.      

Larger  tomatoes  take  a  greater  combination  of  patience,  skill,  and  good  fortune.    They  take  longer  to  ripen  on  the  vine  and  thus  any  small  cracks  or  blemishes  have  more  time  to  be  discovered  by  invading  pests  and  diseases.    In  addition,  our  extreme  weather  can  wreak  havoc  on  these  beauties;  too  little  or  too  much  water  can  be  associated  with  blossom-­‐end  rot  or  cracking.    However,  I  love  Brandywine,  which  I  believe  is  the  gold  standard  of  flavor  for  big  slicer  tomatoes.    This  year  I  am  planting  Brandywine  (heirloom,  dark  red),  Pink  Ponderosa  (heirloom,  bright  pink  color),  and  Moskovich  (heirloom,  red  color).    Lately,  I  sometimes  try  a  couple  plants  of  the  latest  hybrid  tomatoes,  partly  out  of  curiosity  and  partly  to  hedge  bets  against  a  severe  outbreak  of  disease  (which  I  have  never  

had).    These  modern  hybrid  varieties,  with  humorous  names  that  sound  like  super-­‐heroes,  are  bred  for  superior  resistance  to  disease  but  typically  fall  a  wee  bit  short  on  flavor!  

For  more  information  about  tomato  varieties,  these  are  my  favorite  seed  suppliers:      

• Seeds  of  Change    http://www.seedsofchange.com/      

• Johnny’s    http://www.johnnyseeds.com/  

• Tomato  Growers  Supply    http://www.tomatogrowers.com/Tomatoes/departments/1/  

• Baker  Creek    http://rareseeds.com/  

How  can  I  increase  the  odds  of  success  for  my  little  tomato  plants?    Some  of  the  most  important  things  you  can  do  for  your  tomatoes  should  occur  before,  or  at,  the  time  of  planting.    Tomatoes  like  rich  soil  with  plenty  of  nutrients  and  a  pH  of  6.5  -­‐  7.0.    In  practical  terms,  this  means  you  will  need  to  build  up  your  soil  with  organic  matter.      Occasionally  in  north  Florida,  home  gardeners  will  be  confronted  with  very  acidic  soils  and  need  to  use  lime  to  reduce  the  harmful  effects  of  low  pH.    If  in  doubt,  get  a  soil  test.  Composting  organic  matter  in  place  (i.e.,  on  your  future  tomato  bed)  during  the  fall  and  winter  is  a  great  approach.    Amend  your  future  tomato  bed  with  animal  fertilizer,  crushed  rock  products  such  as  greensand  (for  micro-­‐nutrients),  and  small  amounts  of  wood  ashes  (for  potassium).    If  you’ve  run  out  of  time  or  want  to  skip  this  step,  you  can  probably  buy  composted  garden  soil  from  a  garden  store  or  elsewhere  a  few  weeks  before  transplanting  and  still  have  success.  

Using  poor  sandy  soil  and  dosing  it  with  nitrogen-­‐rich  fertilizers  is  not  likely  to  work,  because  tomatoes  require  a  balanced  supply  of  nutrients  (nitrogen,  phosphorus,  and  potassium)  and  micro-­‐nutrients.    

I  believe  I  have  consistently  had  success  with  tomatoes  because  of  the  care  I  give  them  during  their  first  couple  weeks  in  the  ground.    First,  it’s  important  to  bury  your  starts  deeply,  well  above  the  lowest  set  of  thin  simple  leaves  (which  are  called  cotyledons).    I  dig  a  trench  a  few  inches  deep  and  lay  my  plant  almost  on  its  side,  gently  curving  it  upwards  until  only  the  true  leaves  are  above  ground  level.    Roots  will  form  all  along  the  buried  stem!    Second,  I  always  water  in  my  tomato  transplants  very  deeply  the  first  week  to  encourage  deep  root  growth.    I  hand  water  the  base  of  each  plant  (without  soaking  the  leaves)  for  several  minutes  at  a  time,  multiple  times  within  a  morning,  but  only  on  alternate  days.    Later  in  the  season,  I  get  by  with  watering  tomatoes  only  occasionally  because  their  root  systems  are  strong.    

Do  my  tomatoes  need  pruning?    Support  your  tomatoes  with  cages  and  tie  them  loosely  to  stakes  for  extra  support.    Only  indeterminate  varieties  of  tomatoes  should  be  pruned.    Keeping  your  plants  up  off  the  ground  and  at  least  reasonably  pruned  will  probably  decrease  the  likelihood  of  rot  and  may  slightly  increase  your  yields.    For  an  excellent  video  on  the  art  of  pruning  tomato  “suckers”  check  out  the  following:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81iFrX45qag.  

That’s  all  for  now.    Have  fun!    

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

Karl  with  a  homegrown  Brandywine  beauty!