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GES 175, The Science of GES 175, The Science of Soils Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

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Page 1: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

GES 175, The Science of SoilsGES 175, The Science of Soils

Lecture 1, Introduction

Page 2: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

CA State SoilCA State Soil

Fine, mixed, active, thermicFine, mixed, active, thermicAbruptic Durixeralfs Abruptic Durixeralfs

San Joaquin SeriesSan Joaquin Series

Page 3: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Smectite Soil

NE Montana Vertisol Hawaiian Oxisol

Iron and Al-oxide Rich

A Tour of Soil Types

Page 4: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soils of the Mid-West

Mollisol

Page 5: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soils of the Everglades

SpodosolSpodosol

Page 6: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soils of the North Eastand North West

SpodosolSpodosol

Page 7: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soils of the Tropics

Oxisol

Page 8: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

euic, frigid Typic Haplosaprist

Soils from Wetlands

Histosol

Page 9: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soils from Recent Landscapes

InceptisolInceptisol

Page 10: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soils Near Recent Volcanic Activity

Andisols Andisols

Page 11: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Course Objectives

• To comprehend the physical, chemical, and biological processes functioning within soils

• To define factors influencing elemental (contaminant and nutrient) cycling within terrestrial ecosystems

• To obtain an appreciation for soils as dynamic, non-renewable natural resources

• To learn the appropriate use of the terms “soil” and “dirt”

Page 12: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Perceptions of SoilAgriculture

Environment

Science

Page 13: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Development

Page 14: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 15: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 16: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 17: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 18: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

?

Soil Profile Development

Page 19: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

The BeginningThe Beginning

Page 20: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Profile DevelopmentSoil Profile Development contains characteristic contains characteristic

layers called layers called horizonshorizons

BedrockBedrock

A

EE

B

C

BedrockBedrock

soil

development

Page 21: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Forming Factors

•Time

•Parent Material

•Climate

•Biota

•Topography

•Time

•Parent Material

•Climate

•Biota

•Topography

Page 22: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

What Defines a Soil?

The difference between “Soil” and “Dirt”?

“ dynamic natural bodies having properties derived from the combined effects of climate and biotic activities, as modified by topography, acting on parent material over periods of time”

Page 23: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil is a living entity that is continually undergoing development; dirt is stagnant remnants of organic and mineral matter

Soil Ecosystem

Page 24: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

SOIL SOIL COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

Page 25: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Major ComponentsMajor Components

representative, representative, medium-textured medium-textured surface soil (by surface soil (by volume)volume)

soil solids50%

pore space50%

Page 26: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Major ComponentsMajor Components

representative, representative, medium-textured medium-textured surface soil (by surface soil (by volume)volume)

mineral45%

pore space50%

organic 5%

Page 27: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Major ComponentsMajor Components

representative, representative, medium-textured medium-textured surface soil (by surface soil (by volume)volume)

for optimum plant for optimum plant growth growth

mineral45%

air25%

water25%

organic 5%

Page 28: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Organisms

Page 29: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Minerals

Page 30: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Chemistry

Page 31: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Soil Color Originates from the Molecular Framework

Page 32: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Unique and Important Properties of Soils

Page 33: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Fine, mixed, active, thermicAbruptic Durixeralfs

Soil: Natures Filter and Storage Bank

Page 34: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Fertilizer

H2O

Retention within Soils

Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium...

* Soils act as a storagebank for plant nutrients

* retain water

* filter contaminants

Page 35: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Cr

H2O

Retention within Soils

Cr

Page 36: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Consequences of Misuse

Page 37: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 38: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 39: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Transformation of Waterbodies

Page 40: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Acid Mine Drainage

Page 41: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction
Page 42: GES 175, The Science of Soils Lecture 1, Introduction

Result of Acid Mine Drainage


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