gerg santorini, 18-21 june, 2004 “ekman versus scherer” or “what is important to...
TRANSCRIPT
GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
“Ekman versus Scherer”or
“What is important torecognize/express emotion?”
(Selected GERG studies directed by Susanne kaiser)
3GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Facial expression
2 theoretical approaches:• “Discrete emotions” (Ekman, 1992; Ekman & Frisen,
1975: EMFACS)• “Appraisal theory” of emotion (Scherer, 1984, 1992)
Expressedemotion
Emotionalattribution
cues
5GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Cumulative effect of appraisals on facial muscles
Novelty
Unpleasantness
Goal-obstructiveness
High control / High power
6GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Cues manipulation: in synthesis
• Cues are manipulated (synthetized faces) acc to EMFACS predictions and to appraisal patterns predictions
• Effects of different configurations (static and dynamic) on emotional attributions have been assessed by Wehrle et al. (2000)
Expressedemotion
Emotionalattribution
cues
7GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Cues manipulation: in observation
• Cognitive appraisals are “manipulated” in the context of a computer game
• Effects of different appraisals on facial expressions have been reported in Kaiser, Wehrle, & Schmidt (1998)
• Indications that basic emotions are not sufficiently differentiated to account for facial expressions
Expressedemotion
Emotionalattribution
cues
8GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Facial appraisal patterns (1)
Report: “Anger”Appraisal: “Unfair”
9GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Facial appraisal patterns (2)
Report: “Anger”Appraisal: “Blame
someone (who did it on purpose)”
10GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Facial appraisal patterns (3)
Report: “Anger”Appraisal: “Blame
the other AND oneself”
11GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Conclusions (1)
• Different expressions for the same basic emotion
• Individual differences in expressivity are large
• Similar observations can be made for– Vocal expressions– Physiological reactions– Gestures, postures
12GERG • Santorini, 18-21 June, 2004
Next steps
• Integration of multiple channels– One attempt for voice + physiology
(Johnstone & Scherer, 1999)– Especially important for
• Better undestanding single channels• Realism in building ECAs
• Use of ECAs to address available theories