1

PP

PL

/C-M

od

Colla

bora

tion

Presen

ted to

the C

-Mo

d P

rog

ram A

dv

isory

Co

mm

ittee

Feb

ruary

23-2

5, 2

004

Gerd

Sch

illing

2

Overv

iew - C

-Mod

research

sched

ule,

with

PP

PL

foci a

nd

particip

atio

n in

red

3

Ad

van

ced T

ok

am

ak

Recen

t Hig

hlig

hts

LH

CD

lau

nch

er dev

elop

men

t

•A

chiev

emen

t of A

dvan

ced T

okam

ak reg

imes req

uires an

off-ax

is driv

en cu

rrent,

which

togeth

er with

hig

h o

n-ax

is ICR

F h

eating p

ow

er should

enab

le access and

explo

itation o

f these reg

imes.

•B

ringin

g o

ur ex

perien

ce from

LH

heatin

g an

d cu

rrent

driv

e on P

LT

and P

BX

, PP

PL

has d

esigned

and fab

ricated

a Low

er Hybrid

launch

er in co

llaboratio

n w

ith C

-Mod.

First M

SE

mea

surem

ents

•Im

pro

vem

ents to

the M

SE

diag

nostic h

ave resu

lted in

initial m

agnetic p

itch an

gle

measu

remen

ts. Glass len

s and m

irror m

ounts h

ad b

een red

esigned

to w

ithstan

ddisru

ptio

n-in

duced

shock

s, metallic m

irrors w

ere fabricated

as back

up, an

d ex

tensiv

ecalib

rations an

d an

alysis are n

ow

in p

rogress.

ITB

disch

arg

es

•W

e hav

e contin

ued

to p

articipate in

the p

roductio

n, m

easurem

ents, an

d m

odelin

g o

fIn

ternal T

ransp

ort B

arriers induced

thro

ugh o

ff-axis IC

RF

heatin

g.

4

Pro

posed

Ad

van

ced T

ok

am

ak

Resea

rch

Ach

ieve A

T p

ara

meters

•M

odify

curren

t pro

file with

off-ax

is LH

CD

.

•M

odify

pressu

re pro

file with

hig

h p

ow

er ICR

F.

•D

etermin

e effect on tran

sport an

d stab

ility.

•P

roduce, m

easure an

d m

odel IC

RF

-induced

ITB

’s.

Determ

ine cu

rrent p

rofile w

ith M

SE

mea

surem

ents

•C

ontin

ue to

impro

ve M

SE

optics an

d b

eam.

•P

articipate in

the an

alysis an

d p

hysics o

f curren

t pro

file modificatio

n.

Con

tinu

e to stu

dy In

ternal T

ran

sport B

arrier d

ischarg

es

•E

xten

d th

e diag

nosis an

d m

odelin

g o

f ITB

disch

arges.

Inp

ut to

:

IPP

A 3

.1 - stead

y state, IP

PA

3.2

- hig

h p

erform

ance

ITP

A - stead

y state n

on-in

ductiv

e CD

, steady state an

d en

ergetic p

articles

ITP

A - tran

sport &

ITB

, ITB

operatio

n w

ith n

o ex

ternal m

om

entu

m in

put

5

Bu

rnin

g P

lasm

a R

ecent H

igh

ligh

ts

Initia

l single-n

ull/d

ou

ble-n

ull stu

dies

•C

om

pariso

n o

f single-n

ull w

ith d

ouble-n

ull d

iverted

disch

arges is in

pro

gress w

ithen

thusiastic p

articipatio

n b

y F

IRE

.

Inp

ut to

:

IPP

A 3

.2 - h

igh p

erform

ance, IP

PA

3.3

- burn

ing p

lasma

6

Pro

posed

Bu

rnin

g P

lasm

a R

esearch

Com

pare sin

gle-n

ull w

ith d

ou

ble-n

ull d

iverted

disch

arg

es

•S

tudy sin

gle-n

ull d

iverted

disch

arges fo

r ITE

R.

•S

tudy d

ouble-n

ull d

iverted

disch

arges fo

r FIR

E.

ICR

F h

eatin

g a

t hig

h p

ow

er levels

•E

xten

d IC

RF

heatin

g p

ow

er above 5

MW

.

Tra

nsp

ort stu

dies

•C

onfin

emen

t scaling o

f H-m

ode w

ith S

N/D

N an

d h

igh trian

gularity

.

•S

imilarity

disch

arge stu

dies.

•T

ransp

ort scalin

g in

ITB

s.

•R

otatio

n w

ith n

o m

om

entu

m in

put.

•P

article transp

ort (p

eaked

den

sity p

rofiles - fu

el mix

optim

ization).

Div

ertor a

nd

pla

sma b

ou

nd

ary

•Im

pact o

f SN

/DN

config

uratio

n o

n E

LM

s.

7

Tra

nsp

ort R

ecent H

igh

ligh

ts

Marg

inal sta

bility

an

d tu

rbu

lence

•T

emperatu

re grad

ients m

easured

on C

-Mod ex

ceed th

e estimates o

f the th

eoretical

critical grad

ient fo

r ion-tem

peratu

re-grad

ient (IT

G) m

odes.

•N

onlin

ear simulatio

ns u

sing th

e gyro

kin

etic code G

S2

show

that th

e the d

iscrepan

cy can

be u

ndersto

od as a

substan

tial nonlin

ear upsh

ift (Dim

its shift) in

the

‘effective’ critical g

radien

t due to

stabilizatio

n o

f ITG

modes b

y zo

nal flo

ws.

•S

imulatio

ns h

ave b

een ex

tended

to h

igher w

aven

um

bers

and fin

er resolu

tion, w

ith little ch

ange in

outco

me.

ITB

mod

eling

•L

inear an

d n

onlin

ear calculatio

ns o

f gyro

kin

etic micro

turb

ulen

ce hav

e been

carried o

ut

usin

g th

e GS

2 co

de at th

e trigger tim

e for fo

rmatio

n o

f the IT

B.

•T

he sim

ulatio

ns in

dicate th

at ITG

modes are u

nstab

le outsid

e the co

re plasm

a, that o

nly

weak

instab

ilities are presen

t in th

e plasm

a core, an

d th

at in th

e barrier reg

ion th

ein

stabilities are q

uiescen

t at the trig

ger tim

e.

0 5 10 15 20 25

45

67

Conducted power (MW)

R/L

T

IFS

-PP

PL

model

Nonlinear G

S2 sim

ulationsMeasured R/L

Te

Pheat

Lower ν

e & ν

i

Lower ν

i

Standard

collisionality

C-M

od ED

A H

-mode

rmid =

0.56a

Kinetic electrons and ions

8

Pro

posed

Tra

nsp

ort R

esearch

Marg

inal sta

bility

an

d tu

rbu

lence

•C

ontin

ue to

upgrad

e the reflecto

meter d

iagnostic, su

pport o

peratio

n, an

d m

easure

turb

ulen

t fluctu

ations.

•P

erform

detailed

com

pariso

ns o

f data fro

m all th

e C-M

od flu

ctuatio

n d

iagnostics w

ithnonlin

ear gyro

kin

etic simulatio

ns u

sing G

S2 an

d G

YR

O.

Electro

n tra

nsp

ort

•M

easure electro

n g

radien

t scale length

to h

igh p

recision an

d co

mpare ex

perim

ental an

dth

eoretical d

epen

den

ces of th

e electron tem

peratu

re grad

ient o

n v

ariations o

f importan

tparam

eters such

as the q

pro

file.

ITB

mod

eling

•N

onlin

ear ITG

calculatio

ns w

ill be p

rocessed

with

the N

evin

s’ GK

V p

ost-p

rocesso

r, and

heat an

d p

article fluxes w

ill be co

mpared

with

transp

ort an

alysis fo

r off-ax

is ICR

F.

•In

itial GY

RO

code sim

ulatio

ns w

ill be ex

tended

and co

mpared

with

those fro

m G

S2.

Input to

:

IPP

A 1

.1 - tu

rbulen

ce and tran

sport

ITP

A - tran

sport &

ITB

, ped

estal and ed

ge, d

iverto

r and S

OL

ITP

A - co

nfin

emen

t scaling ex

perim

ents ex

tended

over b

road

er range

*,

*

9

Div

ertor a

nd

Pla

sma B

ou

nd

ary

Recen

t Hig

hlig

hts

Gas P

uff Im

agin

g ed

ge tu

rbu

lence v

isualiza

tion

•T

he G

PI d

iagnostic h

as been

used

to cap

ture

both

“snap

shots” an

d “m

ovies” o

f plasm

a edge

turb

ulen

ce.

•C

om

pariso

ns w

ith ed

ge tu

rbulen

ce simulatio

ns

hav

e been

perfo

rmed

- resistive b

alloonin

g

mode is d

om

inan

t linear in

stability

.

Ed

ge n

eutra

ls mod

eling

•T

he ex

tensiv

e C-M

od d

iagnostics h

ave p

ermitted

the d

evelo

pm

ent o

f simple m

odels o

f

plasm

a variatio

n in

the S

OL

and d

iverto

r.

•A

s a result, th

e neu

tral gas b

ehav

ior can

be ex

amin

ed b

y a stan

d-alo

ne co

de su

ch as th

e

DE

GA

S 2

Monte C

arlo n

eutral tran

sport co

de.

10

Pro

posed

Div

ertor a

nd

Pla

sma B

ou

nd

ary

Resea

rch

Ed

ge tu

rbu

lence v

isualiza

tion

•E

xplo

re edge tu

rbulen

ce beh

avio

r under a w

ide v

ariety o

f conditio

ns u

sing an

impro

ved

ultra-fast cam

era with

>10 tim

es the fram

e capacity

(PS

I-5 cam

era).

•M

ake d

etailed q

uan

titative co

mpariso

ns b

etween

the tu

rbulen

ce measu

remen

ts and

theo

retical simulatio

n.

•E

xten

d 2

-D im

agin

g n

ear the in

ner S

OL

and n

ear the X

-poin

t.

•P

erform

2-D

imag

ing w

ith tw

o w

avelen

gth

s for n

e /Te m

easurem

ents.

•E

xten

d k

-spectru

m ran

ge to

hig

her an

d/o

r low

er k.

Ed

ge tu

rbu

lence co

ntro

l

•E

dge m

inority

heatin

g ex

perim

ent fo

r H-m

ode co

ntro

l.

Ed

ge n

eutra

ls mod

eling

•R

epresen

t C-M

od v

acuum

vessel an

d su

b-d

iverto

r by an

axisy

mm

etric object w

ith lo

calasy

mm

etries.

•E

xten

d D

EG

AS

2 co

de to

treat asym

metric o

bjects an

d b

ench

mark

.

11

RF

(Wave-p

article) R

ecent H

igh

ligh

ts

Exp

erimen

t particip

atio

n

•A

ctive p

articipatio

n in

the D

(H) m

inority

heatin

g ex

perim

ents.

•A

ctive p

articipatio

n in

the M

ode C

onversio

n ex

perim

ents.

ICR

F m

od

eling

•M

ET

S-1

D all-o

rder k

inetic-w

ave so

lver h

as been

used

to ex

plo

re min

ority

heatin

g an

dm

ode co

nversio

n scen

arios.

•B

ench

mark

ing o

f the M

ET

S-1

D co

de an

d th

e TO

RIC

2D

code h

ave id

entified

regim

esin

which

increased

resolu

tion in

2D

was req

uired

to co

rrectly m

odel m

ode co

nversio

npro

cesses in C

-Mod.

•T

RA

NS

P tim

e-dep

enden

t transp

ort an

alysis co

de h

as been

used

to an

alyze IC

RF

heatin

g ex

perim

ents.

•A

Low

er Hybrid

pack

age, L

SC

, has b

een in

corp

orated

into

TR

AN

SP

and h

as been

used

to ex

plo

re main

tainin

g A

T d

ischarg

es with

LH

CD

.

Inp

ut to

:

IPP

A 1

.3 - w

ave-p

article interactio

ns, 4

.1 - p

lasma tech

nolo

gies

ITP

A - h

igh p

erform

ance w

ith T

eT

i

12

Pro

posed

RF

(Wave-p

article) R

esearch

Activ

e particip

atio

n in

ICR

F ex

perim

ents

•D

(3H

e) min

ority

heatin

g ex

perim

ents (P

PP

L ex

perien

ce from

PL

T ex

perim

ents).

•F

WC

D ex

perim

ents (P

PP

L ex

perien

ce from

TF

TR

experim

ents).

•M

CC

D ex

perim

ents (P

PP

L ex

perien

ce from

TF

TR

experim

ents).

•F

low

driv

e studies (P

PP

L ex

perien

ce from

TF

TR

experim

ents).

Low

er Hyb

rid w

ave p

hysics

•S

tudy L

H w

ave lau

nch

ing, p

ropag

ation, d

ampin

g an

d p

ow

er dep

ositio

n (P

PP

Lex

perien

ce from

PL

T, P

BX

-M ex

perim

ents).

Low

er Hyb

rid cu

rrent d

rive p

hysics

•S

tudy an

d d

etermin

e curren

t driv

e at desired

radial p

ositio

n in

plasm

a for A

T scen

arios

(PP

PL

experien

ce from

PL

T, P

BX

-M ex

perim

ents).

RF

mod

eling

•U

tilize the T

RA

NS

P/T

OR

IC/L

SC

code p

ackag

e to an

alyze th

e transp

ort p

roperties o

fth

e long-p

ulse A

T d

ischarg

es.

•M

odify

ME

TS

and T

OR

IC co

des to

inclu

de effects o

f non-M

axw

ellian sp

ecies on

wav

e pro

pag

ation an

d ab

sorp

tion (fu

nded

under th

e SciD

AC

initiativ

e).

13

Pro

posed

Glo

bal S

tab

ility (M

HD

) Resea

rch

Majo

r macro

stab

ility co

des su

pp

orted

by P

PP

L T

heo

ry D

epartm

ent

•T

SC

, JSO

LV

ER

, ES

C, P

IES

, M3D

, AM

RM

HD

, PE

ST

-I, PE

ST

-II, BA

LL

OO

N,

CA

MIN

O, P

ES

T-III, N

OV

A-K

, HIN

ST

, VA

CU

UM

.

Th

e ultim

ate g

oal o

f the P

PP

L T

heo

ry D

epartm

ent’s sta

bility

cod

es is to p

rovid

ep

redictiv

e cap

ab

ility to

ward

a b

urn

ing p

lasm

a

•H

elp to

understan

d M

HD

on C

-Mod.

•Im

portan

t to b

ench

mark

these co

des o

n ex

isting ex

perim

ents.

•S

trong in

terest on p

art of P

PP

L th

eorists fo

r ben

chm

arkin

g o

n C

-Mod.

Th

e follo

win

g stu

dies a

re especia

lly relev

an

t to C

-Mod

exp

erimen

ts:

•S

awto

oth

- energ

etic particle stab

ilization, co

uplin

g to

oth

er modes.

•B

eta limitin

g M

HD

modes - classical an

d n

eoclassical tearin

g m

odes, en

ergetic

particle m

odes.

•E

dge stab

ility an

d th

e beh

avio

r of E

LM

s - nonlin

ear physics d

etermin

ing E

LM

amplitu

de an

d p

eriod.

•P

hysics o

f disru

ptio

n - d

isruptio

n m

echan

isms an

d n

on-ax

isym

metric V

DE

halo

curren

ts.

•P

hysics o

f pellet fu

eling.

14

Facility

Recen

t Hig

hlig

hts - L

HC

D L

au

nch

er

Coupler

FWG

RWG

15

Pro

po

sed F

acility

Resea

rch

Activ

e PP

PL

particip

atio

n in

LH

CD

lau

nch

er insta

llatio

n a

nd

com

missio

nin

g

•C

heck

out an

d testin

g, v

acuum

prep

, installatio

n.

•R

F p

ow

er, contro

ls hookup.

•C

om

missio

nin

g.

•O

peratio

n.

Particip

ate in

desig

n, co

mm

ission

ing a

nd

op

eratio

n o

f LH

CD

lau

nch

er #2

Particip

ate in

desig

n, co

mm

ission

ing a

nd

op

eratio

n o

f ICR

F 4

-strap

an

tenn

a #

2

Particip

ate in

desig

n a

nd

com

missio

nin

g o

f tun

ab

le RF

cavities fo

r ICR

F tra

nsm

itters

#1 a

nd

#2

16

Bu

dg

ets (latest D

oE

gu

ida

nce)

FY

2004B

:S

cience:

$ 1

340k scien

ce particip

ation m

argin

al

Ops:

$ 4

60k stro

ng L

H rep

air + en

gin

eering su

pport

FIN

PL

AN

:$ 2

070k (- $

270k F

Y 2

003 o

verru

n d

ue to

LH

launch

er)

FY

2005B

:S

cience

$ 1

608k start to

raise science p

articipatio

n

Ops:

$ 2

42k start to

reduce L

H en

gin

eering su

pport

FIN

PL

AN

:$ 2

050k (- $

200k F

Y 2

003 o

verru

n d

ue to

LH

launch

er)

FY

2005I:

$ 2

00k resto

re research m

anpow

er to F

Y 2

002 lev

el

FY

2006B

:S

cience:

$ 1

800k scien

ce particip

ation +

support b

ack to

norm

al

Ops:

$ 2

50k still h

ave stro

ng L

H +

ICR

F su

pport

FIN

PL

AN

:$ 2

050k

FY

2006I:

$ 2

00k u

pgrad

e diag

nostics (M

SE

, GP

I, reflectom

eter)

17

Resea

rch M

an

pow

er (FY

2004-2

006)

FY

2004:

Scien

tific: 3.8

5 F

TE

s

Engin

eering:

1.9

5 F

TE

s

FY

2005:

Scien

tific:4.3

0 F

TE

s

Engin

eering:

1.5

0 F

TE

s

FY

2006:

Scien

tific:4.8

5 F

TE

s

Engin

eering:

1.2

0 F

TE

s

Additio

nal “free” research

support fro

m P

PP

L T

heo

ry, S

ciDA

C, F

IRE

, NS

TX

(this ru

n

campaig

n).

Prio

rity h

as b

een g

iven

to th

e Low

er Hyb

rid sy

stem sta

rtup

an

d ex

perim

ents.

Increm

enta

l bu

dgets fo

r Scien

ce + O

ps ca

n h

elp b

y a

llow

ing u

s to in

crease o

ur resea

rch

particip

atio

n o

n a

ll fron

ts.

18 P

PP

L w

ill con

tinu

e to co

ntrib

ute stro

ngly

to th

e C-M

od

pro

gra

m

PP

PL

an

ticipates a

ctive resea

rch p

articip

atio

n in

:

1.

AT

Ph

ysics

• LH

CD

curren

t driv

e, curren

t distrib

utio

n m

easurem

ent, IC

RF

heatin

g an

d cu

rrent

driv

e, modelin

g o

f transp

ort an

d stab

ility in

AT

regim

e.

2.

Bu

rnin

g P

lasm

a Issu

es

• Stu

dy sin

gle- an

d d

ouble-n

ull d

ischarg

es for IT

ER

and F

IRE

.

3.

Tra

nsp

ort

• Model m

argin

al stability

and tu

rbulen

ce, ITB

s; integ

rated m

odelin

g.

4.

Pla

sma B

ou

nd

ary

• Edge tu

rbulen

ce visu

alization an

d m

easurem

ent, ed

ge tu

rbulen

ce modificatio

n,

turb

ulen

ce and tran

sport m

odelin

g.

5.

RF

(Wave-p

article)

• Heatin

g ex

perim

ents, cu

rrent d

rive ex

perim

ents, w

ave p

hysics, R

F m

odelin

g.

6.

Glo

bal S

tab

ility (M

HD

)

• Ben

chm

ark P

PP

L stab

ility co

des ag

ainst C

-Mod ex

perim

ents, u

se to h

elp u

nderstan

dan

d d

esign ex

perim

ents.

7.

Facility

• ICR

F an

tenna im

pro

vem

ents/o

peratio

n, L

HC

D lau

nch

er fabricatio

n/o

peratio

n.