geothermal manifestasi

Geyser is a vent (slit) the place where the hot water and steam emitted strongly. Terms geyser is formed rock with cracks and boiling water at shallow depths.

The Geysers, a vapor-dominated hydrothermal system in northern California, has grown into the world's largest geothermal electrical development. At its peak in the late 1980s, about 2,100 megawatts of generating capacity were in operation. For comparison, 2,100 megawatts is roughly the equivalent of twice the electrical energy that can be generated by the turbines of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Despite its name, there never were true geysers (periodically spouting hot springs) in the area; the surface features before drilling were restricted to weak steam vents, warm springs, and mudpots, whose unimpressive character belied the huge resource below. Indeed, The Geysers is an unusual geothermal field in that its wells produce nearly pure steam, with no accompanying water.

Terjemahan :

Geyser merupakan sebuah vent (celah) tempat dimana air panas dan uap dipancarkan dengan kuat. Syarat terbentuk geyser adalah batuan dengan retakan dan air mendidih pada kedalaman dangkal.

Di California Utara, geyser banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit listrik dan merupakan pembangkit listrik terbesar di dunia. Puncaknya pada akhir tahun 1980 kapasitas pembangkit listrik sekitar 2.100 megawatt atau setara dengan dua kalinya energy listrik yang dihasilkan oleh turbin Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Secara umum geyser murni uap dan hamper tidak ada kandungan airnya.

Sumber : Wendell A. Duffield, John Harvey Sass, Geological Survey (U.S).2003. Geothermal Energy: Clean Power from the Earth's Heat. U.S. Geological Survey : University of Minnesota.Hal : 13

& Kutipan dari “earthmax.wordpress.com/2010/05/04/manifestasi-permukaan-daerah-potensi-geothermal” (26/09/2013 : pukul 17.10 WIB)

FUMAROL

Fumarole Is a steam discharge of a hydrothermal system or volcanic systems. A solfatara contains sulfur emissions. Soffioni produce boric acid. Fumaroles can burn, be careful when approached.

In the form of steam is the highest emissions from fumaroles. (60% of the molar concentration). Vapor derived from ground water and magma. Chloride plus of sea water.

Noisy fumaroles - bursts of speed> 20m / s

Quiet fumaroles - bursts of speed <20m / s

Welrang is famous for its impressive sulphur deposits formed by numerous hot fumaroles located on its outer SW flank of the main crater. Hot sulphur gas and liquid sulphur pours out from a large number of impressive vents. Liquid sulphur forms wax-like yellow and orange streams at the feet of the vents.

Terjemahan :

Fumarol merupakan sebuah debit uap dari sebuah sistem hidrotermal atau sistem vulkanik. Sebuah solfatara berisi emisi sulfur. Soffioni menghasilkan asam borat. Fumarol bisa terbakar, berhati-hati saat mendekatinya.

Dalam bentuk uap panas merupakan emisi terbanyak dari fumarol.(60% dari konsentrasi molar). Uap berasal dari air tanah dan magma. Chloride ditambah dari air laut.

Noisy fumaroles – kecepatan semburan >20m/s

Quiet fumaroles – kecepatan semburan <20m/s

Welrang terkenal untuk deposito belerang mengesankan dibentuk oleh berbagai fumarol panas yang terletak di sisi SW luar kawah utama. Gas belerang panas dan belerang cair mencurahkan dari sejumlah besar ventilasi mengesankan. Belerang cair membentuk seperti lilin kuning dan oranye sungai pada kaki ventilasi

Sumber : Tom Pfeiffer.2006. Fumaroles and sulphur deposits on the outer SW crater flank. impressions from a VolcanoDiscovery tour to Welirang volcano and its sulphur mining.


HOT SPRING

The hot springs are the most common geothermal activity found. The hot springs are located where the water comes from a geothermal system that reaches the surface.

Thermal springs are present in the central and eastern parts of Long Valley Caldera. Most important from an environmental protection standpoint are the springs in Hot Creek Gorge and at the Hot Creek State Fish Hatchery. Monitoring at these and other springs includes continuous or periodic measurements of rate of water flow temperature and chemical composition numerous wells in the region also allow the monitoring of pressure or water level temperature and water chemistry Similar monitoring data from the production and injection wells the geothermal development area are collected and compiled by the powerplant operator.

Terjemahan :

Mata air panas merupakan aktifitas geotermal yang paling umum dijumpai. Mata air panas berlokasi dimana air datang dari sebuah sistem geotermal yang mencapai permukaan.

Mata air panas yang hadir di bagian tengah dan timur Long Caldera Loire. Yang paling penting dari sudut pandang perlindungan lingkungan adalah mata-mata di Hot Creek Gorge dan pada Hot Creek State Fish Hatchery. Pemantauan di mata air ini dan lainnya termasuk pengukuran kontinyu atau periodik tingkat suhu aliran air dan komposisi kimia berbagai sumur di wilayah tersebut juga memungkinkan pemantauan tekanan atau temperatur muka air dan data pemantauan serupa kimia air dari sumur produksi dan injeksi pengembangan panas bumi daerah dikumpulkan dan disusun oleh operator powerplant

Sumber : Wendell A. Duffield, John Harvey Sass, Geological Survey (U.S).2003. Geothermal Energy: Clean Power from the Earth's Heat.U.S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON, VIRGINIA. HAL :29


geothermal manifestasi

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