Geothermal Development Activities in Turkey Orhan Mertoglu, Nilgun Basarir

Presented by : Prof. (H.) Orhan MERTOGLU*

President, Turkish Geothermal Association and Jeotermal Araştırma ve Tesisler A.Ş./Ankara-Turkey

* - IGA, International Geothermal Association (Iceland-Germany), Vice President (2003-2007), European Branch Chairman (2007-2010), Honorary Member of the Board (2010-….), - EGEC-European Geothermal Energy Council (Belgium), former Vice President - Turkish Republic Ministry of Development 10th Development Plan (2014- 2018) Chairman of Geothermal Commissions

“Accelerating Geothermal Development in Turkey” 22-23 October 2013, Wyndham Kalamış - İstanbul

Today, the geothermal

electricity production in the

world has reached globally

13000 MWe and the non –

electrical use has reached

globally 53.000 MWth.

The 2050 geothermal electricity

production target of the

countries worlwide is 200.000

MWe install capacity .

GEOTHERMAL DIRECT USE APPLICATIONS

(as of May 2013) CAPACITY

GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING

(CITY, RESIDENCES)

89443 Residences Equivalence

(805 MWt)

GREENHOUSE HEATING ~ 3 Million m2

(612 MWt)

THERMAL FACILITIES HEATING 42.000 Residences Equivalence

(380 MWt)

BALNEOLOGICAL USE 350 Spa, thermal facility

(870 MWt) (Annual 16 million visitors)

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP 38 MWt

TOTAL GEOTHERMAL HEAT USE 2705 MWt

(260.000 Residences Equivalence)

TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION 242 MWe

(Aydın-Germencik, Denizli-Sarayköy,

Aydın Salavatlı, Aydın-Hıdırbeyli,

Çanakkale-Tuzla)

CARBONDIOKSITE PRODUCTION 160.000 tons/year

EXISTING SITUATION OF GEOTHERMAL APPLICATIONS IN TURKEY (as of September 2013)

Installed Geothermal Power Plants

*expected to be operational during 2013.

Salavatli - Dora III geothermal power plant with 17 MWe capacity is under trial operation (beginning of Sept. 2013). The second 17 MWe unit is planned to start with trial operation in March 2014.

Field, Province Owner Type Operation Start-up

Year

Installed Capacity

(MWe)

Kizildere, Denizli ZORLU F 1984 15

Salavatlı (DORA-I), Aydin MENDERES B 2006 7.95

Kizildere, Denizli BEREKET* B 2007 6.85

Germencik, Aydin GÜRMAT F 2009 47.4

Tuzla, Çanakkale ENDA B 2010 7.5

Salavatlı (DORA-II), Aydin MENDERES B 2010 9.5

Hıdırbeyli (IREM), Aydin MAREN B 2011 20

Hıdırbeyli (SINEM), Aydin MAREN B 2012 24

Hıdırbeyli (DENIZ), Aydin MAREN B 2012 24

Kızıldere II ZORLU 2013 80

TOTAL 242.2

Field, Province Owner (MWe)

Sarayköy, Denizli IN-ALTI 3

Babadere, Çanakkale MTN 3

Manisa SANKO 15

Sarıkız, Manisa TURKERLER 10

Alaşehir, Manisa TURKERLER 24

Alaşehir, Manisa ZORLU 30

Merkez, Manisa KEN KIPAS 24

Nazilli, Aydin KIPER 20

Sultanhisar, Aydin ÇELİKLER 9.9

Atça, Aydin ALRES 9.5

Umurlu, Aydin KARKEY 5

Germencik, Aydin BURÇ 163

Salavatlı (DORA-IV), Aydin MENDERES 17

TOTAL 333.4

Geothermal power plants projects received license from EMRA (EPDK)

Field, Province Owner Type Capacity (MWe)

Pamukören, Aydin ÇELİKLER B 48

Gümüşköy, Aydin BM B 13.2

Sultanhisar, Aydın ÇELİKLER B 11

Salavatlı (DORA-III) 2nci bölüm,

Aydin MENDERES B 17

Manisa Alaşehir ZORLU B 45

Kütahya - Şaphane Ümran-Orya 24

Manisa - Alaşehir TÜRKERLER 24

TOTAL 182,2

Geothermal Power Plants under development and construction

Field, Province Owner Capacity (MWe)

Buharkent, Aydin LİMAK 15 + 15

Nazilli, Aydin KİPER 20

Yılmazköy, Aydın MAREN 24

Hıdırbeyli, Aydin MAREN 24 + 24 + 24 + 24

Kalfaköy, Aydın MAREN 24

Geothermal Power Plants planned

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1 2 3 4 5 62000 2005 2010 August 2013 End of 2013 Under developing /constructing

End of 2018 expected/ planned

15 MWe 15 MWe

94,2 MWe

242 MWe

~ 750 MWe

MW

e

~ 300 MWe

Development and projections of geothermal electricity production in Turkey

Turkey, has reached an important success in geothermal utilization in last years.

If we lo0k to the last 15 years, at the beginning this significant progress has been

achieved in;

-geothermal district heating systems, then

- world record (1st ranked) in rise of the geothermal greenhouse applications

(3 Million m2) in last 5 years

and

- in the last 5 years, especially in geothermal electricity production in Turkey. From 15

MWe to 242 MWe.

Place

Number of

residences

heated

Start-up

Geoth.

Water Temp.

(oC)

Investor

Balçova+Narlıdere 35.000 1983 125-140 Local Governorship and Municipality equal

shared Inc.

Gönen 2500 1987 80 Municipality Inc.

Simav 7500 1991 137 Municipality

Kırşehir 1800 1994 57 Local Governorship and Municipality Inc.

Kızılcahamam 2500 1995 70 Municipality Inc.

Afyon 8.000 1996 95 Local Governorship and Municipality Inc.

Kozaklı 3000 1996 90 Municipality Inc.

Sandıklı 6000 1998 75 Municipality Inc.

Diyadin 570 1999 70 Local Governorship Inc.

Salihli 7292 2002 94 Municipality

Sarayköy 2200 2002 95 Municipality Inc.

Edremit 4881 2003 60 Municipality + Private Sector Inc.

Dikili 2500 2010 125 Municipality Inc.

Bergama 450 2008 65 Municipality Ltd.

Güre 650 2009 65 Municipality

Sorgun 1500 2008 80 Municipality

Existing situation of geothermal district heating systems in Turkey;

The geothermal power plants at the North East of Japan

Uenotai GPP 1994.3～ 28,800kW

Onuma GPP 1974.6～ 9,500kW

Sumikawa GPP 1995.3～ 50,000kW

Fukushima Daiichi

Nuclear PP

Matsukawa GPP 1966.10～ 23,500kW

Mori GPP 1982.11～ 50,000kW

Kakkonda GPP Ⅰ.1978.5～ 50,000kW Ⅱ.1996. 3～ 30,000kW

Onikobe GPP 1975.3～ 12,500kW

Yanaizu- Nishiyama GPP 1995.5～65,000kW

Hachijojima GPP 1995.5～ 3,300kW

M9.0 Epicenter

Sapporo

Sendai

Tokyo

Osaka

Fukuoka

GEOTHERMAL IS A RELIABLE ENERGY RESOURCE: A RECENT EXAPMPLE

All geothermal power plants in the affected area by the earthquake on the 11th March 2011, recorded M9.0, are in operation, generating the same levels of power as those before the earthquake, although many of them automatically shut down once right after the event.

All geothermal power plants in the affected area by the earthquake on the 11th March 2011, recorded M9.0, are in operation, generating the same levels of power as those before the earthquake, although many of them automatically shut down once right after the event. Under such circumstances, this has been shown how reliable and sustainable the geothermal electricity production plants and in this framework the geothermal applications are. Additionally, according to Dr. Kasumi Yasukawa from Japan Institute for Geosources and Environment and being the member of Board of International Geothermal Association (IGA) declared to BBC News on 07.07.2011, that the “geothermal part in Japan’s electricity consumption is 0,3 %. The Japan Government decided to increase this geothermal portion to 10 %”. This means that the geothermal electricity install power in Japan would reach 28000 MWe. It is understood that Japan has selected geothermal energy as alternative to nucleer power among all renewable energies.

The Reasons of the significant Progress of Geothermal Development in Turkey :

1- The release of the Renewable Energy Law (No: 5346, May 2005) With this law incentives to the renewable energy sources was given by different electricity Feed in Tariff (5,5 Eurocents/kWh for geothermal). As it was amended in 2010 the incentives have been increased (10,5 $cents/kWh for geothermal). 2- The release of the Law on Geothermal Resources and Natural Mineral Waters (No: 5686, June 2007) and its Implementation Regulation (No: 26727, Dec.2007) providing exploration license (3 years + 1 year) and exploitation license (30 years + 10 years) to the investors. 3- With the release of the geothermal law, MTA-General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration has leased the rights of the geothermal fields suitable for geothermal electricity production to the private sector in the form of operation licenses by means of tenders. The high temperature geothermal fields have been leased between 6,5 – 110 Million USD selling prices (we think that there is no another similar example in the world) to the Turkish Private Sector. 4- The risk and fast action capability of the Turkish Private Sector.

TOTAL GEOTHERMAL THEORETICAL HEAT POTENTIAL OF TURKEY (HYDROTHERMAL 0–3 km)

- 60000 MWt = 7,5 Million Residences Equivalence heating or 300 billion m2 greenhouse heating = Over 1 million thermal facility bed capacity = 60 Billion m3/year natural gas equivalence

TOTAL GEOTHERMAL THEORETICAL ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL OF TURKEY (HYDROTHERMAL) (0-3 km)

- 4500 MWe (36 Billion kWh/Year) theoretical potential TOTAL GEOTHERMAL TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL OF TURKEY (HYDROTHERMAL) (0-3 km)

- 2000 MWe (16 billion kWh/Year), with additional incentive (15 USAcent/kWh feed in tariff, 15-20 years)

THE GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TARGET OF TURKEY FOR 2018 -750 MWe (6 Billion kWh/Year) (10,5 USAcent/kWh existing feed in tariff, 10 years)

THE EGS- ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM TECHNICAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF TURKEY (3-5 km) -250.000 MWe Total EGS-Enhanced Geothermal System Electricity production technical potential of Turkey

THE EGS- ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF TURKEY (3-5 km)

-25.000 MWe Technical and Economical EGS Electricity production potential expected to be realized during next 20 years period and feed in tariff of 15 US$cent/kWh

Geothermal Utilizations Targets for 2018 Additional investment USD (until 2018)

Electricity generation 750 MWe (6 Billion kWh)

2,0 Billion USD

Heating (residences, hotels, thermal facilities and others)

4000 MWt (500.000 Residences Equivalence)

1,4 Billion USD

Greenhouse Heating 2040 MWt (6 billion m2)

300 Million USD (including wells)

Drying 500 MWt (500.000 tons/year)

180 Million USD

Thermal Tourism 1100 MWt 400 Thermal Facility equivalence

1,2 Billion USD

Air conditioning 300 MWt (50.000 Residences Equivalence)

300 Million USD

Aquaculture + others 400 MWt 150 Million USD

Total Direct Use 8340 MWt 5,53 Billion USD

Natural Gas Equivalence of all the above mentioned geothermal direct use utilizations

6,1 Billion USD/Year

The economical value added to the Turkey’s economy by means of above mentioned utilizations until the end of 2018

32 Billion USD/year

The created employment (Direct and Indirect)

300.000 person

THE GEOTHERMAL PROJECTIONS FOR 2014 – 2018 OF TURKEY (Acc. To the 10th development plan (2014 – 2018) of the Ministry of Development

Some examples about geothermal greenhouses in Turkey: Izmir-Dikili : 880.000 m2 Manisa-Salihli,Urganli : 250.000 m2 Kutahya-Simav : 310.000 m2 Denizli-Kizildere : 152.740 m2 Sanliurfa-Karaali : 424.000 m2 Diğerleri : 885.000 m2 TOTAL : ~ 3 Million m2

Especially in the Western Turkey, many deep wells have been drilled. In some of them,

200-250°C downhole temperatures has been measured and ab0ut half of them have

very low permeability (like dry).

These achieved temperatures gave us the thoughts about EGS systems applications.

According to our approach and calculations, we have obtained huge geothermal

electricity potential by taking EGS applications into account, our work is continuing

to be able to harness this potential.

We have conveyed the necessity about additional incentive demand for geothermal

heating and EGS applications to the Turkish Government.

The additional incentives for geothermal heating and EGS applications are expected

until the end of 2013 or mid of 2014.

A remarkable development is expected at the power generation with EGS in Europe in 2020.

The foreign investors are welcome for technical cooperation, information exchange and joint venture investments in

geothermal in Turkey.

Hereafter; We will give importance especially to geothermal district cooling

(air-conditioning) and fish farming utilizations in Turkey.

MANY THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

TURKISH GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATION And sokak 8/2, 06880 Çankaya/Ankara Tel: +90-312-4404319 Fax: +90-312-465 0375 E-mail: tjd@jeotermaldernegi.org.tr

We would like to thank to and congratulate Turkish Government, MTA,

Geothermal Experts and Turkish Private Sector for this success’.

We would like to thank Green Power Conferences

for this excellent organisation