geotechnical projects & applications
TRANSCRIPT
Geotechnical Projects & Applications
Waterfront Structures
.:. Allows economical modification to
marine terminals
.:- Allows increased dockside draft
.:- Reduces lateral thrust/bending moments
.:- Allows free drainage and control of
in-place densityPort of Albany Marine Tenninal Expansion .:. Albany, New York
Engineer: Childs Engineering, Inc., Medfield; Mass.
Modifications to the Port Albany Marine T erminal reclaimed an area of approximately
1500' x 80' in an unstable slope area and provided increased dockside draft to permit
service by large oil tankers. L W A backfill minimized lateral earth pressures, while also
reducing overburden pressures on the sensitive silts. Transportation, placement and
compaction of the L W A soil fill was readily accomplished in a minimum time frame and
without logistic difficulties. Peak delivery rates were 1300 tons, approximately 55 truck.
loads per day.
Landscape & Plaza Fills
.:. Minimizes dead loads
.> Free draining helps minimize
hydrostatic potential-:. More planters and levels can be added
.:. Easy to transport and install
Retaining Wall Backfill .:. Providence Rhode IslandEngineer: C.E. Maguire Engineers, Mansfield, Mass.
This project involved the construction of a retaining wall behind the Rhode Island State
House at the Providence River. The weight of the entire project, including the wall, the
backfill, and a future roadway at the top of the wall, was quite significant. With the area's
soft clay strata, there were engineering concerns that too much weight might force the
existing bulkhead toward the river. The use of approximately 3,500 cubic yards ofLWA
fill reduced the total project weight so dramatically that the probability of deep seated
bulkhead failure was virtually eliminated.
Bulkheads & Retaining Walls
.:- Reduces soil thrust as well as
bending moments
Reduces forces against abutment
and end slope
.:. Allows free drainage
Improves embankment stability
Structure Repair & Rehabilitation
.> Reduces dead load on existing structures
Easy transportation and installation
increase productivity
.:. Precise gradations allow for a uniform
and controlled in-place densityBarney A/lis Plaza .:. Kansas City, MissouriArchitect/Engineer: Marshall & Brown Inco'1'orated
6000 cubic yards of L W A (expanded shale) was used as loose granular fill on top of an
existing underground parking garage. The material provided subsurface drainage, weight
reduction and long term stability. In addition, the L W A material established the grade
and contour for a plaza area which was built on top of the parking structure. The L W A
material was graded ASTM C330 3/4" x No.4.
Landf1/1 Drainage-
.> Inert; high chemical stability
-:. Reduces deadloads on pipes
.:. Allows free drainage of leachate/water
.:. Acid insoluable
Calgary Pipeline .:. Calgary , CanadaEngineers: City of Calgary / Pildysh & Associates Consultants, Ltd
Watermains must be installed below the level of frost penetration. In Calgary this requires
deep, wide trenches. Such trenches are expensive and often dangerous to workers. The
insulating properties ofLWA fill allowed engineers to reduce trench depth from 3.3 meters
to 2.1 meters. This provided safer working conditions and reliable freeze protection with
an environmentally "friendly" material. L W A backfill will also afford easier winter
excavation for pipe repair, reduce disruption of water supply and street traffic by decreasing
construction time, and eliminate the need for synthetic insulating board and wide trenches.
With L W A backfill, present and future savings in capital costs alone are expected to be
in the millions.
Insulating BaC'kfil/
.:+ Substantially reduces ground
movement-induced stresses on
buried pipes and structures
+:. Counteracts frost heaving, resists
freeze/thaw cycles and highly insulative
Inen, non-corrosive and stable
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DESIGN ADVANTAGES
.Reduces Dead Loads
.Reduces Lateral Forces
.Reduces Over Turning Forces
.Provides High-Friction Angle
.Controlled Gradations
.Free Draining
.Water lnsoluable
.Acid lnsoluable
.High Insulation Value
1HE PROVEN SOW7JOH
For almost 50 years Rotary Kiln
produced Expanded LightweightAggregate (L W A) has been effect -
ively used to solve geotechnical
engineering problems and to con-
ven unstable soil into usable land.
Lightweight aggregate can reduce
the weight of compacted geo-
technical fills by up to one-hal£
Where thermal stability is required,
LWA provides significantly greater
thermal resistance when compared
to soil, sand or gravel fill. Itaffords permanent economical insulation around water lines, steam lines and any other
thermally sensitive vessel. This inen, durable, stable, free-draining and environmentally
"friendly" lightweight aggregate is extremely easy to handle and provides economical long
term solutions for geotechnical challenges.
.Chemically Inert
.High Strength & Durability
.~ to Handle and Install
.Readily Available
.Environmentally "Friendly"
THE MA TER/AL
Expanded shale, clay and slate light-
weight aggregate (LWA) has a long track
record of quality and performance. Since
its development in the early nineteen
hundreds, L W A produced by the rotary
kiln process has been used extensively in
asphalt road surfaces, concrete bridge
decks, high-rise buildings, concrete
precast/prestressed elements, concrete
masonry and geotechnical applications. The quality of L W A results from a carefully
controlled manufaCtUring process. In a rotary kiln, selectively mined shale, clay or slate
is fired in excess of 2000° F. The L W A material is then processed to precise gradations.
The result is a high quality, lightweight aggregate that is inen, durable, tough, stable,
highly insulative, and free draining, ready to meet stringent strUctural specifications.PHYSICAL PROPER77ES
The physical propenies for
specific types of rotary kiln
expanded light-weight aggregatemay vary according to manufac-
turer. For precise information on
unit weight, specific gravity,
compacted density, friction angle,
thermal conductivity and the
other physical propenies of a
panicular L W A material, consult
the rotary kiln expanded shale,
day or slate producers listed on
the back of this brochure.
I Wherever you live,
I For nearly one hundred
I years ESCS (ExpandedShale, Clay and Slate) hasbeen used successfullyaround the world in more
I than 50 different types ofapplications. The most notable among these are concretemasonry, high-rise buildings, concrete bridge decks, precastand prestressed concrete elements, asphalt road surfaces, soilconditioner and geotechnical fills.
Expanded shale, clay and slate aggregate, as manufactured by the rotary kiln process(originally developed in 1908 and patented in 1918 as Haydite), is available throughout the world.
~~ Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Institute
2225 Murray-Holladay Road, Suite 102, Salt Lake City, Utah 84117. (801) 272-7070. Fax (801) 272-3377
Publication # 6600
work or play, ESCS improves your world!
What is ESCS? It is a unique, ceramic lightweight aggregateprepared by expanding select minerals in a rotary kiln at tem-peratures over 1000°C. The production and the raw materialsselection processes are strictly controlled to insure a uniform,high quality product that is structurally strong, stable, durableand inert, yet also lightweight and insulative. ESCS givesdesigners greater flexibility in creating solutions to meet thechallenges of dead load, terrain, seismic conditions, construc-tion schedules and budgets in today's marketplace.