georgia online formative assessment resource (gofar) gmas ... · describe an additional way the...

GMAS Review

Name:____________________________

Date: ____________________________

Georgia Online Formative Assessment Resource (GOFAR)

Copyright © 2016by Georgia Department of Education. Items shall not be used in a third party system or displayed publicly. Page: (1 of 30 )

1. Shaina uses a shovel to dig a hole to plant a tree. A shovel is an example of a compound machinebecause it is made up of what two simple machines?

A)wheel and axle and lever

B)lever and wedge

C)screw and wedge

D)inclined plane and wedge

2. Which symbol represents carbon?

A)Ca

B)N

C)K

D)C

3. What is the negatively charged particle that flows through a circuit?

A)electron

B)proton

C)neutron

D)ion

4. Which picture could show the direction of the electrical current in the circuit?

A)

B)

C)



D)

5. People in many places in California produce their electricity from wind energy. Which must be true aboutthe winds in these places in California?

A)The winds are cold.

B)The winds blow very little.

C)The winds blow most of the time.

D)The winds blow mostly in the morning.

6. All metallic elements are

A)powdery solids.

B)good thermal insulators.

C)good conductors of electricity.

D)easily melted into liquids.

7. On the periodic table, nitrogen is represented by N (atomic number 7). N is a chemical

A)equation.

B)period.

C)symbol.

D)group (family).

8.

You and your father inspect an empty house with the hopes of buying it. You walk through the roomstalking to one another, and you notice that your voices and footsteps are echoing in the big, empty house.What causes the echo?

A)sound waves moving slowly through air

B)sound waves moving around the large rooms

C)sound waves refracting around corners in the empty rooms

D)sound waves reflecting off smooth, flat surfaces throughout the house

9.

Porous building materials are often used on the surfaces in classrooms and restaurants because thesesurface tend to ____________ sound waves.

A)absorb

B)refract

C)reflect

D)transmit



10.

When you turn a screw with a screwdriver, you are actually using two simple machines: a screw and thescrewdriver is an example of a(n)

A)lever.

B)wedge.

C)inclined plane.

D)wheel and axle.

11.

A(n) ________________ circuit has only one path for the current to take.

A)open

B)parallel

C)resistant

D)series

12.

A circuit contains four light bulbs. One light bulb goes out but the other three stay lit. This must be a(n)____________________ circuit.

A)open

B)series

C)parallel

D)resistant

13.

Copper (Cu) is a transition metal found in the 11th column of the periodic table. What statement is trueabout copper and the two other elements in that column?

A)All three elements are nonreactive.

B)All three elements are in the same period.

C)All three elements have the same number of protons.

D)All three elements have similar chemical properties.

14.

Using the Law of Conservation of Matter, determine the number of grams of iron sulfide (FeS) that will beproduced in this reaction.



A)24 grams

B)32 grams

C)56 grams

D)88 grams

15. Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, as shown in the diagram below.

Part AIdentify the pure substances shown in the diagram. Explain your reasoning.

Part BIs the diagram of the two hydrogens connected together a molecule or an atom? Explain your reasoning.

Part CIs the water in the diagram a molecule or an atom? Explain your reasoning.

Part DExplain the difference between a molecule, a compound and a mixture.

Be sure to complete ALL parts of the task.Answer with complete sentences, and use correct punctuation and grammar.

16. A student mixed powdered copper chloride (CuCl) with distilled water (H2O) and obtained a blue liquid.After a few days, the water evaporated, leaving blue CuCl crystals in the beaker.

Part AWere the original two chemicals pure substances or mixtures? Explain your answer.

Part B



Was the resulting liquid a pure substance or a mixture? Explain your answer.

Part CWhat type of change occurred to the water when it evaporated? Explain your answer.

Part DIf the student had heated the liquid to remove the water, would that have chemically changed the liquid?Why or why not?


17. Water boils in an open container as shown in the diagram below.

Part ADescribe how the movement of the molecules of water changes as the water boils.

Part BIdentify the type of change that occurs as the water boils. Explain your answer.

Part CWhat are the bubbles that form in the water as it boils?

Part DDescribe what happens to the water molecules when a container of water is placed in a freezer.




18. A teacher heats a sample of an unknown substance to determine whether it will burn.

Part AWhat property of the substance is being tested?

Part BIs the property being tested a physical property or a chemical property? Explain your answer.

Part CDescribe the difference between a physical and a chemical property.

Part DIdentify one other physical and one other chemical property that could be tested by heating.


19. Students in a science class determined the density of candle wax. Next, they burned the candle to meltsome of the wax.



After the wax cools down, the students determine the density again.

Part ADescribe a physical change in the candle that occurred in this investigation.

Part BWere the students investigating chemical or physical properties in this investigation? Explain your answer.

Part CWould the density of the wax change after it melted and became solid again? Explain your reasoning.

Part DDescribe a chemical change that occurred in this investigation. Explain your answer.


20. The highlighted elements are known as metalloids.



Part ADescribe one unique characteristic of metalloids.

Part BIdentify the three major categories that the elements in the Periodic Table are divided into.

Part CWhat types of properties would a scientist need to know to correctly place a new element into a group?

Part DIf a scientist tested the melting point and density of metalloids, what types of properties would she betesting?


21. Noble gases are a group of elements highlighted in the part of the periodic table shown below. Over 60elements had been discovered by 1860, but the first noble gas was not discovered until 1895.



Part AWhat property of the noble gases most likely prevented the gases from being readily discovered?

Part BAre the elements in column 7 (F, Cl, Br, I, and At) likely to have similar properties to noble gases? Explainyour answer.

Part CAre the properties of the elements in column 7 (F, Cl, Br, I, and At) likely to be similar to each other?Explain your answer.

Part DAre noble gases most likely found as atoms or as molecules? Explain your answer.


22. The Periodic Table of the Elements is organized into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, as shown below.



Part ADescribe two properties of the elements in the metal group.

Part BName two properties of the metalloid group. Explain your reasons.

Part CDescribe an additional way the Periodic Table of the Elements is arranged.

Part DSome elements were produced in labs and are not normally encountered in nature. Explain the importanceof including them in the Periodic Table of Elements.


23. A teacher pours 10 grams of a clear solution of lead nitrate into a beaker containing 5 grams of a clearsolution of potassium iodide. A bright yellow solid forms and settles to the bottom of the beaker. Theremaining solution is clear.

Part APredict the expected total mass of the yellow solid and remaining solution in the beaker. Explain youranswer.



Part BIdentify the type of change that occurred in the beaker. Explain your answer.

Part CExplain why the contents of the beaker after the solutions were mixed are considered a mixture.

Part DThe bright yellow substance that formed in the beaker is lead iodide. Is the lead iodide a mixture or a puresubstance? Explain your reasoning.


24. Students investigate a reaction between vinegar and baking soda. The students measure and record themass of the vinegar, baking soda, a graduated cylinder, and a balloon. The total mass is 47 grams asshown below.

One student places the baking soda in the graduated cylinder and then pours the vinegar on top of it.Another student stretches the balloon quickly over the graduated cylinder. The students observe that thesubstances bubble and the balloon begins to inflate. After the reaction, the students determine the totalmass of the graduated cylinder, contents, and balloon.

The students measure and record results five times as shown below.

Part ADescribe the type of change in matter that occurred in this investigation and provide evidence to support



your response.

Part BDescribe a chemical property of baking soda.

Part CExplain how the results of the investigation support the Law of Conservation of Matter.

Part DProvide a brief explanation why the investigation measurements differed.


25. Students are studying sound and light waves.

Part AExplain the difference between a sound wave and a light wave.

Part BExplain the difference between sound waves in the air and in a metal rod.

Part CDescribe a situation when sound is being reflected.

Part DDescribe a situation when sound is being absorbed.




26. Heat energy transfer is important to many life processes. It is a necessary part of chemical reactions.Heat energy can be transferred in three different ways: conduction, convection and radiation. More thanone type of heat transfer can exist when heating an object. All three types of heat transfer are shown inthe diagram.

Students are studying conduction and convection. The students perform an investigation using thefollowing procedure:

Fill a beaker with cold water.

Use a ring stand to hold the beaker and to hold thermometer X just above the water.

Record the starting temperature shown on thermometer X as

Using proper safety procedures, light a Bunsen burner about 30 centimeters below the bottom of thebeaker.

Place thermometer Y touching the bottom of the beaker.

Heat the water until thermometer Y reads .

7. After ten minutes, record that thermometer X reads

Part AWhich thermometer measures conduction heat? Explain.

Part BWhich thermometer measures convection heat? Explain.



Part CWhy was the temperature on thermometer X above the beaker lower than the temperature onthermometer Y in the beaker?

Part DExplain how heat is transferred through a liquid.


27. Simple machines lessen the work needed to perform a task and increase efficiency. The factors ofdistance and force are always involved. Simple machines may transfer force from one place to another.They can change a force's direction, change the magnitude of the applied force, or increase the distancethat the force is applied. They can also increase speed or intensity.

Examples of simple machines are all around us. Inclined planes help movers load their trucks withoutlifting. Simple machines were used by ancient Egyptians to move giant boulders. A catapult has been usedin warfare for centuries. Wheels and axles have helped ancient peoples, American pioneers, and are stillused today.

A man attempts to move a large boulder. The boulder is too heavy for him to lift by himself. The man thenuses a metal pipe and a smaller rock to help move the boulder.



Part AIdentify the simple machine the man is using.

Part BExplain how this simple machine will help get the boulder off the ground.

Part CIdentify the function of the smaller rock.

Part DIdentify the force the man is trying to overcome.


28. A student performed an activity using light from a laser. The student placed a rectangular, transparent,glass block on a piece of paper and then aimed the laser light at the glass block. The diagram shows thepath of the laser light.



Part AIdentify the process that occurs when the laser light enters the clear glass block.

Part BIdentify the process that would occur if a mirror were put in the place of the clear glass block.

Part CDescribe the path of the laser light as it moves through the air towards the clear glass block.

Part DDescribe what most likely would occur to the light as it shines on a black object.


29. In 1989, an earthquake occurred in the San Francisco area before Game 3 of the Baseball World Series.A man who was in a blimp, a flying air ship, was broadcasting the game for television. The man reportedthat he felt the earthquake while he was in the air, fifty meters above the ground.

Part AExplain why the waves produced by earthquakes are mechanical waves.

Part BExplain why the man felt the earthquake while in the blimp.



Part CExplain how an earthquake wave changes as the wave moves from the ground to water.

Part DExplain why mechanical waves behave differently in liquids, gases and solids.


30. Two students are playing identical drums. One student strikes Drum 1 rapidly. The other student strikesDrum 2 slower than the first student. The sound waves from each drum are shown below.

Part AWhich characteristics of waves are different for the sound waves produced by the drum that is hit slowlycompared to the drum that is hit rapidly? Explain your answer.

Part BWhen a student strikes the drum with greater force, what characteristic of the wave increases? How does itaffect sound?

Part CWhat type of wave was produced by the drums? Explain two wave properties shown in the diagram for thistype of wave.




31. A musician prepares for a concert by replacing the strings on the guitar so that the strings produce acertain sound. The guitarist tightens one of the strings on the guitar to produce a different sound.

Part AExplain how the strings on the guitar are able to produce sound.

Part BThe new strings are tighter than the old strings because they are slightly shorter. What part of the soundwave is affected by the length of the old strings?

Part CDescribe the change to the amplitude of the wave before the guitar string was tightened compared to thewave produced after the string is tightened if the same amount of force is used on the string before andafter tightening.

Part DIf the guitarist strums the string that has been tightened harder than the other strings, describe the changein the pitch.




32. Two types of electrical circuits are used in machines and in homes. A diagram of each type of circuit isshown below.

Part AIdentify the Type 1 Circuit. Explain what occurs if one bulb does not light.

Part BIdentify the Type 2 Circuit. Explain what occurs if one bulb does not light.

Part CExplain an advantage and a disadvantage of using Type 2 circuits in homes.


33. Most strands of holiday lights have many light bulbs in a circuit.



Part AIdentify the two types of circuits shown by the two strands. Explain the difference between the two circuits.

Part BExplain which strand of lights will be best to use if saving energy is important.

Part CExplain the results if Strand 2 has a broken light bulb.

Part DWhich strand will provide the brightest lights? Why?


34. Wind farms have windmills that turn turbines. This type of energy generation is becoming popular.



Part ADescribe the type of energy that the windmills produce after the wind begins to turn the windmill blades.

Part BCompare how the windmills generate electricity with how coal generates electricity.

Part CDiscuss two other types of energy generation found in nature that do not use fossil fuels.


35. An archery student studies the physics of bows and arrows. The student pulls back on the bowstring andthe bow bends in a curved shape. When the student releases the bowstring, the arrow flies forward.



Part AIdentify the type of energy added to the bow and bowstring when the student pulls back on the bowstring.Explain your answer.

Part BDescribe the transfer of energy from the bow to the arrow.

Part CDescribe the effect of two forces acting on the arrow after the arrow is released.

Part DExplain what happens to the energy in the arrow when the arrow strikes the target. Use the Law ofConservation in your explanation.


36. Some students investigate forces in three scenarios:

Scenario 1: A baseball is placed on a desk.Scenario 2: A pencil is rolled to the edge of a desk and it falls to the floor.Scenario 3: Students push on the wall of the room and the wall does not move.

Part AExplain which scenario(s) has unbalanced forces.



Part BExplain which scenario(s) has balanced forces

Part CExplain how it can be determined that balanced forces are acting on these objects.

Part DExplain when the pencil had the greatest potential energy and when it had the greatest kinetic energy.


37. Students place the end of a wooden board on some books so that the board can be used as an inclinedplane. The students release a ball at the top of the inclined plane and measure the time for the ball toreach the bottom of the ramp. The students perform three trials. The students then cover the board with acloth and follow the same procedure as before. The data are graphed below.

Part ADescribe two forces acting on the ball during the investigation.

Part BExplain why the ball takes more time to roll down the ramp with a cloth surface.

Part CExplain why the students repeated the investigation three times.

Part DExplain how the ball's energy changes as the ball moves down the ramp.




38. In an investigation, a white light from a flashlight was pointed at a rock. A shadow formed behind therock. Next, the white light was pointed at a glass prism. The light leaving the prism was separated intomany colors.

Part AExplain the difference between absorption and refraction of light.

Part BIdentify the type of wave produced by light.

Part CExplain what happens to light waves when there is not a medium to move through.

Part DExplain how light entering a plastic prism would behave differently than the light entering the glass prism.




39. Below is a diagram of sound waves.

Part AIdentify the type of wave that is produced by sound. Explain your answer.

Part BDescribe how the diagram of the sound wave shown above would change if the pitch became higher.

Part CDescribe what part of the wave changes when the force used to produce the sound increases.

Part DExplain how the behavior of sound waves in water and air are different.


40. The students design a protective container for a raw egg that will prevent the egg from breaking when itreaches the ground. The students use a milk carton made of paper, glue, and other materials to make thecontainer. The container and egg will be dropped from a window ledge on the second floor of the schoolbuilding.

Part AName the unbalanced force that moves the egg to the ground when it is dropped from the window.

Part BDescribe another unbalanced force acting on the egg as it moves down to the ground.

Part CGive the name of the form of energy that the egg has while sitting on the window ledge. Name the forms ofenergy as the egg moves to the ground. Explain the relationship between these two forms of energy.

Part DExplain the relationship between velocity and acceleration of the dropping egg.

Be sure to complete ALL parts of the task.



Answer with complete sentences, and use correct punctuation and grammar.

41. Students work together to construct a circuit. One circuit is shown here.

Part AIdentify the circuit shown as either a series circuit or a parallel circuit and either a closed or open circuit.Explain your answers.

Part BDescribe an advantage of a series circuit.

Part CDescribe an advantage of a parallel circuit.

Part DExplain the Law of Conservation of Energy and describe the energy transformations in the circuit shownabove.




42. Students construct two different circuits during an investigation. A battery provides the energy for eachcircuit. When the students connect the wires to each end of the batteries they observe that the bulbsrelease light and that the battery becomes warm. A diagram of each circuit is shown below.

Part AConsider Circuit 1. Compare the amount and form of energy in the battery before it is connected to thecircuit to the forms and amount of energy in the completed circuit.

Part BIdentify Circuit 1 and Circuit 2 as series or parallel and explain how they are different.

Part CThe students remove Bulb 2 from Circuit 1. Describe what most likely happens and why.

Part DThe students remove Bulb 2 from Circuit 2. Compare what happens to Circuit 2 with what happens whenBulb 2 is removed from Circuit 1. Explain your answer.


43. A student compares an infrared lamp and a mercury vapor lamp. The infrared lamp gives off a dark redlight. The mercury vapor lamp gives off a blue light. The student notices that the part of a desk lit by themercury vapor lamp is much warmer than the part of the desk lit by the infrared lamp.

Explain the most likely reason the desk becomes warm. Which light carried the most energy?



44. A student describes his recent trip to Africa, and makes the following statement: "I traveled with anative hunting tribe for nearly a month. They did not bring along any supplies, because the hunters see theheat of the prey as infrared radiation. So even in the dark, there was always fresh meat."

Do you take his claim seriously? Explain your answer.

45. Which is the best description of a molecule?

A)A molecule contains two or more atoms.

B)A molecule is made up of protons and neutrons.

C)A molecule is smaller than an atom of hydrogen.

D)A molecule contains a nucleus with protons and electrons.



Answer Key :

1. B)lever and wedge

2. D)C

3. A)electron

4. C)

5. C)The winds blow most of the time.

6. C)good conductors of electricity.

7. C)symbol.

8. D)sound waves reflecting off smooth, flat surfaces throughout the house

9. A)absorb

10. D)wheel and axle.

11. D)series

12. C)parallel

13. D)All three elements have similar chemical properties.

14. D)88 grams

15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45. A)A molecule contains two or more atoms.



georgia online formative assessment resource (gofar) gmas ... · describe an additional way the...

Documents