Georgia 1960-

1970s

He served as mayor in Atlanta

from 1962-1970. Ordered for all the “White Only”

and “Black Only” signs to be taken in City Hall

Ended Jim Crowe practices by sitting with a black attorney at the City Hall cafeteria.

Ivan Allen Jr.

Ivan Allen, Jr.

It began with an $800 grant from the

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Began from student meetings and grew into a large organization with many supporters

Sit-ins—protest method—people enter a public building and refuse to leave until they are served or their demands are met

SNCC(Student Non-Violent Coordination

Committee)

Leader—John Lewis Major contribution

—organized voter registration drives all over the South, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.

SNCC

Gov. Ernest Vandiver Jr.—had to decide

between closing all public schools or to follow a federal order and desegregate them.

Gov. Vandiver chose John Sibley to head a commission to gather state residents’ opinions and thoughts on desegregation and report back to him.

Sibley Commission

By a 3-to-2 margin, Georgians said

they would rather close schools than integrate them

Commission recommended allowing local school systems decide

Many communities opened private schools in response

Sibley Commission

SIBLEYS BOARD OF TRUSTEES

GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT SCHOOLS FOR SIBLEY

SIBLEY HIMSELF

Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes—

first African American students admitted to UGA

Riots and protests by the white students that were opposed to the school’s desegregation resulted in temporary suspension for Hunter and Holmes

After court orders, they returned to campus to finish their studies

Both graduated in 1963

Admission to Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA

HUNTER AND HOLMES AT THEIR GRADUATION

WALKING AROUND CAMPUS

WALKING ON ATHEN SIDEWALKS

Desegregation coalition formed in

Albany, Georgia on November 17, 1961

Purpose—to integrate bus station waiting rooms

SNCC was involved as well as Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Albany Movement

Police arrested the rioters but tried to

avoid any dramatic violent incidents to keep from drawing publicity

King was arrested for trying to defend them but was released two weeks later

Result—a biracial coalition was formed to study African-American concerns in Albany

Albany Movement

Albany Movement

August 28, 1963. March was organized by a group of

civil rights, labor, and religious organizations.

March was to support the passage of the Civil Rights Act

March on Washington

Estimated number of participants—

250,000 They estimated that 75-80% were black

and the rest were white and other minorities.

Martin Luther King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the marchhttp://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=20916

March on Washington

Gave all Americans the right to be served in

facilities which are open to the public John F. Kennedy was President The bill included

Banned discrimination in public accommodations

Enabled the US attorney general to join in lawsuits against states’ governments which operated segregated school systems

Withheld federal funds from schools that did not integrate

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Elected January,1974 Atlanta’s first African American mayor He served 8 years, and then returned

for a third term Brought vendors (food and

merchandise) and art work to Atlanta Airport

Hartsfield-Jackson Airport named after him posthumously

Election of Maynard Jackson

Maynard Jackson

Governor of Georgia from 1967-

1971 He owned the Pickrick diner but

closed it rather than integrating it Elected to office for his very public

stance on segregation

Lester Maddox

After elected, Maddox was actually progressive on

many racial matters He backed significant prison reform, an issue

popular with many of the state's African Americans He appointed more African Americans to

government positions than all previous Georgia governors combined, including The first black officer in the Georgia State Patrol The first black official to the state Board of

Corrections

Lester Maddox

Lester Maddox

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m3JCPrQ3zs

Mayor of Atlanta Young helped to organize "citizenship

schools" for the SCLC—workshops that taught nonviolent strategies to local people

Young became a trusted aide to Martin Luther King, Jr.

Eventually became the executive director of the SCLC

Andrew Young

Organizing voter registration and

desegregation campaigns in Albany; Birmingham and Selma, Alabama; and Washington, D.C.

Before being mayor, he was the first Black elected by Georgians to the US House of Representatives since Reconstruction (1972)

1977—US ambassador to the United Nations

Brought the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta

Andrew Young

Andrew Young