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GEORGE R. HARRISON SPECTROSCOPY LABORATORY

2001 CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICERS Michael S. Feld

Joseph A. Gardecki

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page 1 POLICY AND PURPOSE 4

1.1 Policy 4 1.2 Purpose 4

2 RESPONSIBILITY, AUTHORITY, AND RESOURCES 5

2.1 Department Chairperson (Center Director, etc.) 5 2.2 Chemical Hygiene Officer 5 2.3 Laboratory Supervisors (Faculty, Principal Investigators, Project Directors, etc.) 6 2.4 Employees, Staff, and Students 7 2.5 Environment Medical Service and Safety Office 8

3 CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN 10

3.1 Preparation, Approval, Annual Review and Update 10 3.2 Identification and Classification of Hazardous Chemicals, Selection of Required

Control Methods, and Authority for Chemical Use 10

3.3 Special Provisions for Particularly Hazardous Substances 11 3.4 Elimination or Substitution 11 3.5 Enclosure, Isolation and Designated Areas 12 3.6 Education and Training 12 3.7 Work Practices and Standard Operating Procedures for Chemicals or Classes 13 3.8 Fire Prevention 13 3.9 Personal Protective Equipment, Respirators 13 3.10 Ventilation, Fume Hoods, and Proper Operations 15 3.11 Housekeeping 16 3.12 Personal Hygiene and Sanitation 16 3.13 Signs and Labels, Material Safety Data Sheets 16 3.14 Monitoring and Employee Assessment 18 3.15 Waste Disposal 19 3.16 Emergency Response to Chemical Spills 24 3.17 Medical Surveillance 25 3.18 Exposure Reporting and Emergency Procedures 27 3.19 Oversight, Annual Review, Record keeping, Compliance and Enforcement 27

A APPENDIX 29 A.1 OSHA Lab Standard29CFR1910.1450 29 A.2 Safety Guide: George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory 30 A.3 Standard Operating Procedures on Spills of Hazardous Chemicals 31 A.4 Laboratory Exhaust Hood Annual Surveillance Data & Certificate 35 A.5 Air Monitoring Results 37 A.6 Names, Extensions of Persons Covered by the Chemical Hygiene Plan 38 A.7 Medical Surveillance 43 A.8 Recordkeeping Forms, Annual Audit Forms 44

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A.9 Large Quantity Chemical Purchase approvals 46 A.10 List of Small Cylinder Toxic Gases Approval Forms 48 A.11 List of Signature Control Chemicals 50 A.12 Policy on the Identification and Disposal of Chemical, Biological, and

Radioactive Substances (in Laboratories and Other Work Areas) 53

A.13 Guidelines for Handling Waste Oil in Bulk Quantities 57

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1 POLICY AND PURPOSE

1.1 Policy It is the policy of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (as represented by the MIT Corporation and the Office of the President) to provide a safe and healthy workplace in compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and regulations of the Department of Labor including 29CFR1910.1450 “Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.” The full standard is reproduced in Appendix A.

1.2 Purpose This document presents the Chemical Hygiene Plan required by the above regulation. The purpose of the Chemical Hygiene Plan is to describe proper practices, procedures, equipment and facilities for employees, students, visitors, or persons working in each laboratory at the Institute in order to protect them from potential health hazards presented by chemicals used in the laboratory workplace, and to keep exposures below specified limits. It is the responsibility of faculty, administration, research and supervisory personnel to know and to follow the provisions of this Plan. Each affected Department or other major administrative unit will appoint a Chemical Hygiene Officer, who is responsible for developing, implementing, monitoring and updating the plan annually. Affected departments are all those maintaining laboratories containing toxic chemicals, as defined by law.

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2 RESPONSIBILITY, AUTHORITY, AND RESOURCES

2.1 Department Chairperson 1. The Department Chairperson has the responsibility and the authority to see that the

Chemical Hygiene Plan is written, updated, and implemented.

2. The Department Chairperson has appointed the Chemical Hygiene Officer in accordance with the definition provided in paragraph (b) of the 29 CFR 1910.1450 and requirements outlined in section 2.2 of this document.

3. The Department Chairperson has the final responsibility for the safety and health of the employees (and students) conducting work in his department and visitors.

2.2 Chemical Hygiene Officer For the George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, the Chemical Hygiene Officers (CHO), with contact information, are given:

Professor Michael S. Feld Dr. Joseph A. Gardecki Room 6-014, Ext.3-9774 Room 6A-230, Ext.2.3178

2.2.1 Requirements The OSHA laboratory standard requires designation of a Chemical Hygiene Officer. Within MIT, this means that each department or other major administrative unit, which uses laboratory chemicals, must appoint its own Chemical Hygiene Officer.

2.2.2 Definition The Chemical Hygiene Officer is an employee designated by the employer who is qualified by training or experience to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of the Spectroscopy Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan. Chemical Hygiene Officers at MIT will be technically competent and have appropriate authority to assist with development and administration of departmental plans. In most cases, Chemical Hygiene Officers will be tenured faculty, or similarly senior scientists, with supervisory responsibilities.

2.2.3 Duties The Chemical Hygiene Officer will assist the responsible laboratory supervisor(s) to accomplish the following:

1. Work with Administrators to develop Chemical Hygiene Plan for the department and to implement plans at the level of individual laboratories.

2. Work with Administrators and Principal Investigators to monitor safe procurement, use, and disposal of chemicals.

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3. Assist the responsible Laboratory Supervisor(s) with required safety audits and their documentation (which includes documentation of training).

4. Advise the Laboratory Supervisor(s) concerning adequate facilities and procedures under the regulation.

5. Seek ways to improve the Chemical Hygiene Program

In addition, the Chemical Hygiene Officer will be responsible for knowing the contents of the relevant regulation (Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, 29 CFR 1910.1450 as well as the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Plan.

2.2.4 Resources The Chemical Hygiene Officer may call upon Departmental Administrative Officers for administrative support, upon health and safety organizations of the MIT administration, as well as upon Principal Investigators who will provide specific information concerning their laboratories.

2.3 Laboratory Supervisor The duties of the Laboratory Supervisor (also referred to as the Supervisor), as defined in the OSHA Laboratory Standard and the MIT Chemical Plan, are the responsibility of the Principal Investigator. For laboratories with no Principal Investigator, the Supervisor's duties are assumed by the person with authority over all laboratory functions. Professor Michael S. Feld for the Spectroscopy Laboratory shall appoint that person.

The primary responsibility of the Supervisor is to institute the Chemical Hygiene Plan and ensure compliance with the OSHA Laboratory Standard. The duties include the following:

1. Ensure that all work is conducted in accordance with the Spectroscopy Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan.

2. Define the location of work areas where toxic substances and potential carcinogens will be used, and ensure that the inventory of these substances is properly maintained.

3. Obtain, review, and approve standard operating procedures, detailing all aspects of proposed research activities that involve hazardous agents.

4. Prepare a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for use of test substances when this use involves alternate procedures not specified in these guidelines. The Standard Operating Procedure shall include a description of the alternate procedure and an assessment of alternate controls that will be used.

5. Define hazardous operations, designating safe practices, and selecting protective equipment.

6. Ensure that program and support staff receive instructions and training in safe work practices, use of personal protective equipment, and in procedures for dealing with accidents involving toxic substances.

7. Ensure that employees understand the training received.

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8. Ensure that all personnel obtain the medical examinations and protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of their job.

9. Monitor the safety performance of the staff to ensure that the required safety practices and techniques are being employed.

10. Arrange for workplace air samples, swipes, or other tests to determine the amount and nature of airborne and/or surface contamination, inform employees of the results, and use data to aid in the evaluation and maintenance of appropriate laboratory conditions.

11. Assist the Industrial Hygiene Officer, Radiation Safety Officer, Biohazard Assessment Officer and Safety Officer when necessary.

12. Conduct formal laboratory inspections annually to ensure compliance with existing laboratory Standard Operating Procedures.

13. Prepare procedures for dealing with accidents that may result in the unexpected exposure of personnel or the environment to a toxic substance.

14. Investigate accidents and report them to the Chemical Hygiene Officer. Include procedures that will minimize the repetition of that type of accident.

15. Report to the Chemical Hygiene Officer incidents that cause (1) personnel to be seriously exposed to hazardous chemicals or materials, such as through the inoculation of a chemical through cutaneous penetration, ingestion of a chemical, or probable inhalation of a chemical, or that (2) constitute a danger of environmental contamination.

16. Ensure that action is taken to correct work practices and conditions that may result in the release of toxic chemicals.

17. Properly dispose of unwanted and/or hazardous chemicals and materials.

18. Document and maintain compliance with all local, state, and federal regulatory requirements.

19. Make copies of the approved safety plan available to the program and support staff. Laboratory Supervisors for the Spectroscopy Laboratory are listed in Appendix A.2., Spectroscopy Laboratory Safety Guide.

2.4 Employees, Staff and Students Employees, as defined by the Spectroscopy Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan, are those staff members under the direction of the Supervisor, as defined by the Plan. Employees not under the direction of the Supervisor, but who are in an area under the direction of the Supervisor, are also subject to the Standard Operating Procedures in effect in that area as defined by the Spectroscopy Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan. Non-employees, such as students, are equally subject to the plan, as described below.

The primary responsibility of the employee is to follow the procedures outlined in the Spectroscopy Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan and all Standard Operating Procedures developed under that plan. These would include the following:

1. Understand and follow all Standard Operating Procedures.

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2. Understand all training received.

3. Understand the function and proper use of all personal protective equipment. Wear personal protective equipment when mandated or necessary.

4. Report to your supervisor any significant problems arising from the implementation of the Standard Operating Procedures.

5. Report to your supervisor all facts pertaining to every accident that results in exposure to toxic chemicals, and any action or condition that may exist that could result in any accident.

6. Contact your supervisor, the Chemical Hygiene Officer, the Environmental Medical Service or the Safety Office if any of the above procedures are not clearly understood.

2.5 Environmental Medical Service and Safety Office

2.5.1 Responsibility The Environmental Medical Service (EMS) is the component of the Medical Department charged with responsibility for control, review, monitoring and advice with respect to exposure to chemical, radiological, and biological agents used in research and teaching. The Safety Office is a component of the operations group charged with responsibility for oversight and control of physical hazards in the workplace, including fire protection, electrical and other safety hazards, and chemical waste disposal arising from work at the Institute.

2.5.2 Authority Both the Safety Office and Environmental Medical Service have authority to stop immediately any activity, which is hazardous to life or health in their judgment. In addition, the Radiation Protection Office and Reactor Radiation Protection Office have regulatory authority as part of MIT's license to use radioactive materials from the Nuclear Regulatory Agency. Apart from these conditions both the Safety Office and Environmental Medical Service act in an advisory capacity to the individual Departments, etc., to help them provide a safe and healthful workplace.

2.5.3 Resources The Safety Office and the Environmental Medical Service have professional staff that can be called upon for advice and help on safety and environmental health problems. These staffs offer the following services to the Institute:

1. The Safety Office evaluates and implements safety policies and reviews new and existing equipment, and operating practices to minimize hazards to the Institute community and visitors from fire, electricity, explosion, pressure, and machinery. The Safety Office conducts accident investigations, suggests remedial measures and procedures. It also publishes the MIT Accident Prevention Guide. In addition, a waste chemical service will pick up potentially hazardous chemicals. Training and assistance in conducting special accident prevention programs are available as required.

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2. The Environmental Medical Service (EMS) is a unit of the Medical Department. Several health physicists, microbiologists, industrial hygienists, and industrial hygiene engineer - all members of the staff - devote their skills to the protection of the Institute community from radiation, toxic chemical and biological hazards. All members of the Institute community should feel free to consult with the Environmental Medical Service if they are concerned about the safety of operations involving potential toxic chemical, microbiological, or radiation exposure.

The services of the Safety Office and EMS are available both in emergency situations and in an advisory capacity to answer questions from anyone at the Institute. However, procedures for safe use and disposal of chemicals or radioactive substances start in the laboratory; therefore students, post-doctoral fellows and technicians must be informed about their responsibilities and the procedures to be followed by the Chemical Hygiene Officer/Supervisor.

2.5.4 Emergencies Both services provide 24-hour on-call personnel to respond to off-hours needs. They can be reached through the Operations Center, FIXIT (253-4948) and Campus Police (253-1212) or Medical Department (253-4481). Dial 100 for assistance in any emergency.

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3 CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

3.1 Preparation, Approval, Annual Review and Update The Chemical Hygiene Officers, Professor Michael S. Feld and Dr. Joseph A Gardecki, prepared the Chemical Hygiene Plan for G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory. Assistance in creating the Chemical Hygiene Plan was provided by the MIT Environmental Management Service and the MIT Safety Office.

1. They are responsible for seeing that the plan meets requirements set forth in the 29 CFR 1910.1450.1.

The Chemical Hygiene Officers are responsible for seeing that the Chemical Hygiene Plan is reviewed on an annual basis and updated to accommodate changes in the 29 CFR 1910.1450, departmental procedures, MIT personnel policy and other pertinent materials.

1. The Chemical Hygiene Officers will also see that the Chemical Hygiene Plan is updated to include procedures regarding new hazards and processes as they are introduced.

The Chemical Hygiene Officers will see that the Chemical Hygiene Plan and updates are distributed to or made available to those who are affected by it.

The directors of the Environmental Medical Service and the Safety Office will review the Chemical Hygiene Plan and its update for formal approval. Updates are due annually on or before January 15.

One copy of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and all updates will be provided to EMS for reference use in the Industrial Hygiene Office (IHO).

3.2 Identification and Classification of Hazardous Chemicals, Selection of Required Control Methods, Authority for Chemical Use.

In order to comply with the Federal Right To Know Law, also known as the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, all research project applications involving the use of hazardous materials should be accompanied by a brief explanation of the materials to be used. The research project cannot begin until the application has been reviewed and approved. Examples include the coumarin laser dyes, which are carcinogenic, and the solvent DMSO. Information as to the nature, health risks and safe means of handling such materials must be contained in the explanation. Such applications will be referred to the MIT Safety Officer or Laboratory Safety Coordinator for approval and subsequent dissemination. Individual Laboratory Supervisors are responsible for distribution of said material to all users of the Laboratory. All persons in surrounding laboratories should be notified immediately in the event of an accidental release of fumes or gas from a hazardous chemical. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all chemicals used in the laboratory and at the Institute are located in the MIT Safety Office.

Further instructions for chemical use are provided in Appendix A.2 of this plan, the G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory Safety Guide, pp. 10-14.

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3.3 Special Provisions for Particularly Hazardous Substances 3.3.1 Volatile Toxic or Flammable Liquids

1. Materials should be stored in closed containers in ventilated cabinets or in cabinets under a fume hood, or in approved flammable liquid cabinets and separated from any acids or bases. Inventories should be kept as low as practicable.

2. Materials should be used only in a fume hood or other means of local exhaust ventilation.

3. If dermal toxicity is present, gloves should be worn during use of the substance. Selection of glove material will be made by consulting MSDS for substance to be handled, glove manufacturer's guides and/or the Industrial Hygiene Office.

4. Consideration should be given to use of respirators if the conditions of use preclude using the material in the fume hood. Contact the Industrial Hygiene Office for use.

5. Consideration should be given to use of monitoring or detecting instrumentation if appropriate. Contact the Industrial Hygiene Office for use.

3.3.2 Toxic Solid Materials 1. Materials should be stored in closed containers. Consideration should be given to

blanketing the material with an inert substance and to refrigerated storage, if appropriate. Inventories should be kept as low as is practicable.

2. If feasible, use of the material should be restricted to one area.

3. If dermal toxicity is present, gloves should be worn during use of the material. Selection of glove material will be made by consulting MSDS, glove manufacturer's guides and/or the Industrial Hygiene Office.

3.3.3 Toxic or Flammable Gases under Pressure 1. Materials should be stored in a fume hood, if feasible. Valves should be shut-off when

the material is not in use. Inventories should be kept as low as is practicable.

2. Material should be used only in a fume hood or specially ventilated area. Use of respirators may be required.

3. Consideration should be given to installation of monitoring or detecting instrumentation.

3.4 Elimination or Substitution The first step in evaluating a new experiment, process or operation is to investigate the possibility of eliminating the use of hazardous materials or substituting a less hazardous material. For example, instead of using an organic solvent or chromic acid based material for washing glassware, one should substitute an aqueous based detergent. Aromatic compounds (i.e.,

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benzene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (i.e., methylene chloride) in some experiments should be replaced with aliphatic compounds or non-chlorinated hydrocarbons, if possible.

The particular process, experiment, or operation may also be modified to reduce the quantity of the hazardous material(s) necessary or limit the potential emission release rate or exposure time. For example, the use of microscale techniques may be applicable in measuring boiling points of a material. Another example is the substitution of closed systems for open vessels. The use of a secondary containment device such as a pan can be helpful in preventing or minimizing the effects of chemical spills. The Institute has a program administered by the Safety Office to reduce the purchase of large quantities of chemicals. A sample form is included in Appendix A.8.

The Industrial Hygiene Office (3-2596) should be consulted for advice

3.5 Enclosure, Isolation and Designated Areas

3.5.1 Designated Areas Reducing the potential for exposure to particularly hazardous chemicals is achieved by restricting the use of the material to a designated area equipped with the proper control devices. This designated area can be a glove box, fume hood, bench, or an entire laboratory depending on the manipulations required. Particularly hazardous substances are stored, used, and prepared for disposal only in designated areas. The boundaries of a designated area are defmed in the special provisions written for the specific particularly hazardous substance. See Section III D. The designated area is identified by signs so those entering the area are aware a particularly hazardous material may be present. For example: a sign “ACRYLAMIDE BALANCE” posted above the balance area or a “ARSINE” label on door to the OMCVD Laboratory.

Radiation and Biohazard signs are available from these offices. Also see Section 3.13 for more details.

In addition to establishing the physical boundaries, which define the designated area, the procedures used in a designated area are described under special provisions. (See Section 3.4.) These include storage, use of protective equipment, use of containment, equipment disposal and decontamination procedures.

The designated areas in this department are: 6A-100 hood and 6A-018, and the following Hazardous Waste Satellite Areas: 6-007 (under sink); 6-018 (under sink); 6A-100 (hallway flammables cabinet A); 6A-130 (hallway flammables cabinet B); 6A-160 (beneath HPLC setup); 6A-220 (wet room counter top); 6A-250 (counter near sink); 6A-260 (flammables cabinet).

3.6 Education and Training The Chemical Hygiene Officer, Laboratory Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall provide information and training concerning handling of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory.

The Industrial Hygiene and Safety Offices are available to assist the Chemical Hygiene Officer in developing and implementing training procedures and policies. The Industrial Hygiene Office

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conducts training sessions for the Chemical Hygiene Officers at the Institute. The Chemical Hygiene Officer will maintain documentation on training.

All persons must read the Spectroscopy Laboratory Safety Guide (Appendix A.2) and sign a statement indicating this has been done (see Appendix A.7) before they can work in the Spectroscopy Laboratory. All persons are also required to pass a written safety quiz before work in the Laboratory is authorized.

Employees and students shall be informed of the presence of hazardous chemicals when assigned to a work area and prior to new exposure situations. This information must include contents of the OSHA Laboratory Standard, the applicable details and location of the Chemical Hygiene Plan, emergency and personal protective equipment training, physical and chemical properties of hazards used in the work place along with proper handling to minimize exposure, signs and symptoms of exposure associated with appropriate chemicals plus location and availability of reference material. (See Section 3.13 for training required on Material Safety Data Sheets.

The training should be provided immediately for new employees in the workspace and annually for other personnel. Training shall be directed by the Chemical Hygiene Officer in conjunction with the Laboratory Supervisor and Industrial Hygiene and Safety Offices' representative. A training outline shall be prepared and used as the basis for lectures and demonstrations. Training is provided by the Physics Department for the Spectroscopy Laboratory.

The name of each person trained shall be recorded on a list together with contents of training, date, time, and trainer. (Included in Appendix A.7 is an example of these records.)

3.7 Work Practices and Standard Operating Procedures for Classes of Chemicals Refer for Appendix A.2, “George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory Guide,” pp. 10-14.

3.8 Fire Prevention Laboratory personnel shall be instructed in the location and proper use of eye washes, safety showers, fire blankets and other emergency equipment by the Instructor, Supervisor, or Principal Investigator before the first experiment is conducted. They shall be trained in how to extinguish clothing fires, including the drop-and-roll method, at least twice during the course. Also, they shall be informed that MIT's policy is to evacuate immediately in case of a fire and not to fight the fire.

If any of your labs does not have a safety shower, this regulation requires that you post the sign, “In case of Clothing Fire, STOP, DROP and ROLL.”

3.9 Personal Protective Equipment The use of personal protective equipment shall be included in all Standard Operating Procedures. The type and level of equipment can be determined with the aid of Environmental Medical Service and the Safety Office. Any use of personal protection equipment should only be considered after the options of reducing the hazards.

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3.9.1 Respirators The use of respirators shall be determined by the Employee, Laboratory Supervisor and the Industrial Hygiene Office. The MIT respirator policy must be followed. The following elements must be adhered to. Less hazardous materials should be substituted for more hazardous materials. Exposure should be controlled by the use of laboratory fume hoods or other engineering controls. Respirator type shall be selected on the basis of type of chemical exposure, level of exposure, and medical examination of the user. Selection of a respirator type must be performed in consultation with the Industrial Hygiene Office. A medical opinion is required for each employee before a respirator is used routinely. Respirators shall only be purchased through the Industrial Hygiene Office.

Fit testing and training shall be performed by the Industrial Hygiene Office for all negative pressure respirators before use. The respirator user shall regularly maintain and clean the respirator. The respirator user shall perform a negative and positive pressure check before each use.

3.9.2 Eye Protection The use of eye protection shall be determined by the Employee, Laboratory Supervisor, and the Safety Office. (Also see Chapter 11-5 of the Institute Safety Manual)

1. Eye protection shall be worn in the laboratory, at all times, unless the Standard Operation Procedure specifically excludes their use.

2. The selection as to the type of eye protection to be used shall be stated in the Standard Operations Procedure.

3. Safety Glasses are minimum acceptable eye protection (wear them!).

3.9.3 Protective Clothing The use of protective clothing, including gloves, shall be determined by the Employee, Laboratory Supervisor, and the Industrial Hygiene Office.

The Standard Operating Procedure shall include whether protective clothing is required.

Protective clothing shall be chosen, with the aid of the Industrial Hygiene Office, on the basis of the chemical exposure and medical condition of the user.

1. Contaminated protective clothing shall be disposed of properly

2. Open-toed shoes, sandals, or open-toed sneakers shall not be worn in laboratories.

3. Contaminated lab coats shall not be worn

3.9.4 Other Personal Protective Equipment Other personal protective equipment shall be used, if needed. Its use shall be included in the Standard Operating Procedure.

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3.10 Ventilation, Fume Hoods, and Proper Operations Local exhaust ventilation is the primary method used to control inhalation exposures to hazardous substances. The laboratory fume hood is the most common local exhaust method used in laboratories. Other types of local exhaust include vented enclosures for large pieces of equipment or chemical storage, and snorkel types of exhaust for capturing contaminants near the point of release. Local exhaust systems consist of some type of hood, duct work, and a fan located on the roof. Some systems are equipped with air cleaning devices (HEPA filters or carbon absorbers). In most cases individual fans service each hood.

A laboratory fume hood (see Figure J-1) should be used when working with hazardous substances. A properly operating and correctly used fume hood will control the vapors released from volatile liquids as well as dust and mists.

Do not make any modifications to hoods or duct work without calling the Industrial Hygiene Office first (3-2596). It is Institute policy that any changes made to local exhaust systems must be approved by the Industrial Hygiene Office.

Do not use a fume hood for large pieces of equipment unless you intend to dedicate the fume hood for this use since it will change the airflow patterns and render the fume hood unsafe for other uses. It is generally more effective to install a specially designed enclosure for large equipment so the fume hood can be used for its intended purpose.

Do not use a fume hood for chemical storage. Store chemicals in a chemical storage cabinet since a hood cluttered with bottles may not contain releases effectively.

The Environmental Medical Service's Industrial Hygiene Office conducts the fume hood survey program (See Appendix A.3 for a description of this program.) Before you begin using a fume hood check to see that the hood is labeled (See Figure 2) as appropriate for use with toxic chemicals and has been recertified within the last year. If this is not the case or you have any doubts about the fume hood operation, contact the Industrial Hygiene Office (Ext. 3-2596). Also use the proper work practices listed below:

1. Set your work up at least six inches behind the plane of the sash.

2. Never put your head inside an operating fume hood to check an experiment. The plane of the sash is the barrier between contaminated and uncontaminated air.

3. Work with the sash in the lowest position possible. The sash will then act as a containment shield.

4. Do not clutter your hood with bottles or equipment. Keep it clean and clear. Only materials actively in use should be in the fume hood. This will provide optimal containment and reduce risk of extraneous chemicals being involved in fire or explosions, which may occur in the hood.

5. Clean the grill along the bottom slot of the hood regularly so it does not become clogged with papers and dirt.

6. Do not dismantle or modify the physical structure of your hood or exhaust system in any way without first consulting Industrial Hygiene Office.

7. Report any suspected hood malfunctions to Industrial Hygiene Office (3-2596) and FIXIT (3-4948).

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3.11 Housekeeping 1. Unlabeled containers and chemical wastes must be disposed of properly.

2. Wastes: use appropriate receptacles for sharps, broken glass, etc.

3. Spilled chemicals should be cleaned up promptly and disposed of properly.

4. Floors should be cleaned regularly by janitors. Accumulated dust, chromatography absorbents, and other assorted chemicals pose respiratory hazards.

5. Equipment and chemicals should be stored properly, minimizing clutter.

6. Laboratories should be kept clean and free from obstructions.

7. Access to exits, and emergency equipment should never be blocked.

8. Stairways and hallways must not be used as storage areas.

3.12 Personal Hygiene and Sanitation 1. Wear appropriate eye protection at all times.

2. Use protective apparel, including face shields, gloves, and other special clothing or footwear as needed.

3. Never use mouth suction to pipet chemicals or to start a siphon; a pipet bulb or an aspirator should be used to provide the vacuum.

4. Avoid exposure to gases, vapors, and aerosols. Use appropriate safety equipment whenever such exposure is likely to occur.

5. MIT's Policy: no food, beverages or smoking in areas where chemicals are being used or stored.

6. Glassware or utensils that have been used for laboratory operations should never be used to prepare or consume food or beverages.

7. Laboratory refrigerators, ice chests, cold rooms, etc., should not be used for food storage and should be labeled as such.

8. Wash your hands, arms, and face when leaving the laboratory.

3.13 Signs and Labels, Material Safety Data Sheets

3.13.1 Signs Entrances to laboratories, storage areas, and associated facilities must have signs as necessary to warn emergency personnel and custodians of unusual or severe hazards therein that are not directly related to combustibility of the contents.

1. Emergency Notification

The Institute Committee on Safety requires that each laboratory/shop post a current Emergency Notification Sign on or near its entrance(s). The MIT Emergency Response

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Group and the Cambridge Fire Department need current information. Late night fires and other emergencies may be dealt with more effectively and safely if the occupants can be contacted quickly and appropriate hazard warning signs have been posted.

The following information is listed on this sign:

i. Building-Room number(s).

ii. Department

iii. Supervisor's name

iv. The names of the persons (including supervisors) who should be contacted in an emergency and whose home telephone numbers are in either of the MIT directories. Listing of MIT office telephone extensions and room numbers are helpful, however, home telephone numbers is optional.

v. Date posted or revised (at least annually).

2. Radioactive or Biohazard

Radioactive or biohazardous substances used in laboratories also require special signs (see RPO & BAO). Hood certification labels are discussed in Section 3.10.

3. No Smoking

“No Smoking Signs” should be posted in areas where flammable liquids or gases are used or stored.

4. Eye Protection Required

“Eye Protection Required Signs” are required at entrances to laboratories using acids and corrosive chemicals. Safety glasses for visitors must also be provided. Signs indicating the location of fire blankets, safety showers, fire extinguisher, and other safety devices are also required.

Examples of severe or unusual hazards that may require signs are unstable chemicals, carcinogenic materials, chemical spills, high-powered lasers, water-reactive chemicals, and radioactive materials. Signs warning of these and for many other uses are available at the Safety Office and the Environmental Medical Service.

3.13.2 Chemical Container Labeling All containers must be labeled as to content. Chemicals received from outside vendors or from stockrooms will have labels indicating the name with other physical and chemical data. Toxicity warning signs or symbols should be prominently visible on the labels.

All containers of chemicals, which have been decanted from original container, must be labeled with the chemical name, primary hazard(s), person responsible and date. Labels for this purpose are available at the stockrooms.

All containers of chemical waste must be labeled with the full chemical name, and when full, also labeled as “Hazardous Waste Material,” dated, and equipped with a red waste disposal tag available from Safety Office (Ext. 3-4637). Unlabeled containers should be reported to the Laboratory Supervisor or Chemical Hygiene Officer.

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All containers of chemicals prepared in the laboratory must be marked with the chemical name, primary hazard(s), person responsible and dated. Labeling must be provided for chemicals synthesized in the laboratory or prepared by other processes such as distillation or extraction. Labels for this purpose are available at the stockrooms.

Chemicals developed in the laboratory must be assumed to be toxic if no data on toxicity are available, and suitable handling procedures must be prepared and implemented, including training of users in controls necessary to handle safely. If the substance is produced for another user outside of the laboratory, a Material Safety Data Sheet and labels must be prepared and provided to such users in accordance with provision of OSHA regulation 29.CFR.1910.1200.

3.13.3 Material Safety Data Sheets Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are provided for each chemical by its supplier. A complete file of Material Safety Data Sheets for chemicals, substances, or materials used at MIT is kept by the Safety Office. These are accessible to any laboratory employee, student, staff or visiting professional by calling 3-4736.

Sections 8-10 and 8-11 “Policy on the Identification and Disposal of Chemical, Biological, and Radioactive Substances (in Laboratories and Other Work Areas)” of the Institute Safety Manual are provided in Appendix A.12 for further information.

3.14 Monitoring and Employee Assessment The Environmental Medical Service (IHO) will perform exposure monitoring in accordance with paragraph (d) of 29.CFR.1910.1450. Other qualified consulting service providers may be employed but results must be sent to Environmental Medical Service.

1 Employee exposure determination shall be done in accordance with paragraph (d) of the 29.CFR.1910.1450.

i. Initial monitoring will be performed if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for a substance routinely exceed the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL).

ii. If the initial monitoring performed discloses employee exposure over the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL), the employer shall immediately comply with the exposure monitoring provisions of the relevant standard.

iii. Monitoring may be terminated in accordance with the relevant standard.

iv. Within 15 working days after the receipt of any monitoring results, the employee will be notified of these results in writing either individually or by posting results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees. (See Appendix A.4.)

2. Anyone with a reason to believe that exposure levels for a substance routinely exceed the action level, or in the absence of an action level, the PEL, may initiate the monitoring process.

i. Requests for monitoring can be made to Environmental Medical Service, the Chemical Hygiene Officer, the Laboratory Supervisor, etc.

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ii. The Chemical Hygiene Officer must be notified of monitoring requests.

3. Monitoring may be requested at any time.

4. It will be the responsibility of the Chemical Hygiene Officer to insure that periodic monitoring requirements are satisfied when necessary.

5. The Environmental Medical Service and the Chemical Hygiene Officer will maintain records.

6. The employer shall establish and maintain for each employee an accurate record of any measurements taken to monitor employee exposures and any medical consultation and examinations including tests or written opinions required by this standard. The employer shall assure that such records are kept, transferred, and made available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20.

7. Records from monitoring done by other qualified services must be maintained by the Chemical Hygiene Officer and the Environmental Medical Service.

3.15 Waste Disposal

3.15.1 Policy The proper disposal of waste chemicals at the Institute is of serious concern, and every effort should be made to do it safely and efficiently. The responsibility for the identification and handling of waste chemicals within the Institute necessarily rests with the individuals who have created the waste.

3.15.2 Storage Area The Institute has provided a storage area for waste chemicals; the waste is accumulated here until there is a sufficient quantity to justify transportation to a disposal area. The Safety Office maintains this storage area.

3.15.3 Transportation A pickup of waste chemicals may be arranged by calling the Safety Office (Ext. 3-4736). The person creating the waste is responsible for transporting the containers of waste to the storage area when pickup service is not available.

3.15.4 Plumbing Code The Mass plumbing code 248 CMR 2.0 along with the Mass DEP and MWRA regulations 360CMR10 prohibit the pouring of any acid or alkaline aqueous solution down the drain except in buildings with wastewater neutralization systems, specifically buildings 16, 39, 56 and 68. The disposal of all other hazardous chemicals down the drain is also prohibited by MWRA by

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360CMR10. This includes heavy metals, salts or organic solvents. Any hazardous waste must be disposed of through the Environmental Management Office 3-4736.

Any neutralization process that is NOT an integral part of an experiment process is considered hazardous waste treatment. Treatment of hazardous waste is not allowed under Federal and State environmental regulations.

3.15.5 Guidelines for Waste Reduction Plan a procedure for waste disposal before you start on a project. Label waste properly. It is up to each department, group, or experimenter to identify waste materials properly before disposal; inadvertent mixing of incompatible materials could have serious consequences.

Protection of the environment makes the disposal of large quantities of chemical and solid wastes a difficult problem. It is in everyone's best interest to keep quantities of waste to a minimum.

The following suggestions may help:

1. Order only the amount of material you need for your project or experiment even if you can get twice as much for the same money.

2. Use only the amount of material that is needed for conclusive results.

3. Avoid storing excess material, particularly if it is an extremely toxic or flammable material, just because you may want it in the future.

4. Before disposing of unwanted, unopened, uncontaminated chemicals check with others in your department who may be able to use them.

5. On termination of a research project or completion of a thesis, all unused chemicals to be kept by the laboratory shall be labeled. Responsibility for the saved chemicals should be given to another currently active laboratory personnel.

6. Make sure all samples and products to be disposed of are properly identified, labeled with the chemical name and containerized. Do not leave them for others to clean up after you. For more information on identifying waste, see the subsequent sections on Identification, Unknown Waste and Paperwork.

3.15.6 Classification of Chemical Waste and Procedures for Disposal The Environmental Medical Service (Ext 3-2596) may be consulted if there is any question concerning the toxicity or packaging of any toxic wastes.

Organic solvents must not be put down the drain. Regulations, which apply to MIT’s sewer system, prohibit the discharge of organic solvents to the sewer system. This applies to all organic solvents whether flammable or nonflammable, miscible or nonmiscible with water. Organic solvents should be placed in suitable containers where there is no danger that vapors or the liquid will escape. Containers shall be capped tightly, labeled prominently and sent to the waste chemical storage area.

Mixtures of organic solvents that are compatible and combined in one container must be identified with an estimated proportion in fractions or percentages of each solvent in the mixture

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that is in cans must be transferred to glass bottles or plastic coated bottles and diluted with water before being sent to the storage area.

Acids and alkaline solutions may be neutralized and put down the drain providing that they do not contain heavy metals or toxic contaminants. Concentrated acids and caustics may be sent to the waste storage area in proper containers tightly capped and labeled.

Inorganic and organic solids in their original containers that are designated as waste because they are contaminated, old, or of questionable purity may be sent to the storage area.

Mercury must be removed from lab apparatus and put into jars or bottles before sending to the storage area. Broken mercury thermometers must be put into a jar or secondary container. Clean up materials from a mercury spill may be containerized, labeled and sent to the storage area. Any laboratory or department that is interested in sending mercury to be distilled and to receive a credit for the same, must take the responsibility of getting the mercury to the proper disposal vendor.

Cyanide compounds, arsenic, lead and other heavy metal wastes should be placed in bottles and containers, sealed tightly, labeled, and sent to the waste chemical storage area.

Alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium, should be placed in a suitable container, covered with Nujol (mineral oil), labeled properly, sealed so that there is no possibility of their coming in contact with water, and sent to the waste chemical storage area.

Pyrophoric metals, such as magnesium, strontium, thorium, and zirconium, and other pyrophoric chips and fine powders, should be placed in a metal container, sealed tightly, labeled, and sent to the waste chemical storage area.

Waste Oil − Small Quantities of vacuum pump oil or lubricating oils in one gallon containers or less may be sent to the waste chemical storage area.

Waste Oil − Large Quantities of waste chemicals to be removed from a laboratory may be more than a normal amount for the Safety Office to pick up and the department will be financially responsible for the disposal. Some examples are the wastes collected in drum lots from a research project, cleanout of a laboratory of old reagents and chemicals, which would be packed into drums, and the waste chemicals to be pumped out of a collection or storage tank.

3.15.7 Other Types-Special Procedures Required Gas cylinders are to be returned to the proper vendor. The on-site service vendor managing gas cylinder handling for this Institute is BOC Gases (Ext 3-4761; Fax 3-4968). Some small lecture bottles are the non- returnable type, which become a disposal problem when empty or near empty with a residual amount of gas. When ordering gases in lecture bottle size, be sure to order the gases in a returnable cylinder.

Controlled substances to be disposed of as waste must not be sent to the waste chemical storage area. The handling, records, and disposal of controlled drugs are the responsibility of the department involved operating within the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Regulations.

Radioactive material disposal is handled in accordance with procedures established by the Radiation Protection Office (Ext. 3-2180).

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Biological Waste and Physically Dangerous Waste (Sharps) must not be sent to the waste chemical storage. These wastes are deactivated and disposed of according to procedures set forth by the Biohazards Assessment Office (Ext. 3-1740). See Section 3.15.8 for additional information concerning disposal procedures.

Polychlorinated Biphenvls (PCBs) Capacitors, transformers, equipment and oil that contain PCBs are the responsibility of the department involved. Information on possible disposal contractors can be obtained by calling the Safety Office (Ext. 3-4736).

Waste Oil − Bulk Quantities of waste oil stored are the responsibility of the department involved. See “Guidelines for Handling Waste Oil in Bulk Quantities” in Appendix A.12.

3.15.8 Sharps Waste Disposal Policy Sharps such as, broken glass, needles, razor blades, toothpicks, pipettes, tips, wire and other physically hazardous sharp objects must be separated from normal trash. Outlined below are the five streams of sharps waste for research laboratories. From Non-Biological Research Labs:

1. Needles and syringes (only) For small volume generators, collect the needles and syringes in a glass jar or other puncture proof container (plastic red, white or yellow sharps collectors are preferred). Once the container is full, either notify or deliver the containers to the Biosafety Office (Bldg. 56-255). No red tags are required, however the containers should be labeled with the names of the researcher and private investigator as well as the building and lab number. If the laboratory generates large volumes of needles and syringes, a Biosystems container can be requested for the laboratory and arrangements for regular pickup by the Biosafety Office can be made. The Biosafety office collects these containers because it looks like medical waste. The contact person is currently Eric Cook of the Biosafety Office (Ext 8-5648 or ecook@mit.edu).

2. Clean and rinsed glassware and other sharps Broken glass, wires, razor blades, tooth picks and other sharps (no syringes or needles) that have been cleaned and rinsed are to be collected in a VWR glass box or other sturdy puncture-resistant cardboard or plastic container. These items should have no chemical, radioactive, biological or hazardous waste residue. (Remember that rinseate from spent chemical bottles or other sharps may be hazardous waste and must be managed accordingly.) When the puncture-resistant container is full, close the container securing with tape and label the box with the following information, researcher, and building-room number. The containers are to be placed in the hall to be picked up by custodians. If there are any problems or questions, contact Kevin Healy, Recycling Coordinator (Ext. 3-6360 or khealy@mit.edu).

3. Chemically contaminated sharps Unrinsed pipettes, pipette tips, glass bottles with leftover chemicals that can not be rinsed are treated like any other chemical waste. Thus, these sharps must be identified according to the type of chemical waste, if possible, collected in a puncture-resistant container (e.g. glass, metal, or plastic, not cardboard), the container must be labeled with a “Red Tag.” When the container is full, it should be securely sealed and pick-up should be arranged with the Environmental Management Office (Ext 2-3666 or haz-waste@mit.edu). For additional questions, the

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current contact person is Brian Foti of the Environmental Management Office (Ext 8-8023 or brianf@mit.edu).

From Biological Research Labs:

1. Sharps from BL1 and BL2 laboratories Place all sharps in gray or beige containers provided by Biosystems. (No chemical or radioactively contaminated sharps.) Securely seal and place full containers in the hallway no sooner than the night before pickup. Pickup times for buildings E17/E18 and E25 is Tuesday morning and for buildings 18, 26, 56, 16, 66, and 68 is Friday morning. All pickup for all others buildings is by arrangement with the Recycling Coordinator, Kevin Healy (Ext. 3-6360 or khealy@mit.edu). DO NOT leave the containers in the hall for more than 24 hours.

2. Empty, intact, glass chemical bottles For empty, intact glass bottles, triple-rinse, deface the labels, and collect in a cardboard box. There should be no chemical, radioactive, or biological residues in these containers prior to disposal. (The rinseate may be hazardous waste and must be managed accordingly.) Place the box in the hallway and the custodians will pick up. For additional information or questions, contact Kevin Healy, Recycling Coordinator (Ext. 3-6360 or khealy@mit.edu).

Note: special considerations must be made for sharps from BL2+ labs and sharps with more than one of the following: chemical, biological or radioactive components. Contact the Biosafety Office for more information (x3-1740).

3.15.9 Identification All waste chemicals must be identified by chemical name, including the proportions of a mixture. Do not use symbols or abbreviations. All containers must be labeled prominently because the safe transportation of chemicals is possible only when everyone who handles the containers know the identity of the contents.

3.15.10 Unknown Waste Chemicals Unknown waste cannot be accepted for disposal. Disposal contractors cannot accept or ship unknown waste. It is the responsibility of the department involved to identify all chemicals and this may require polling laboratory personnel, students and faculty members to ascertain the owner of such unknown waste and its identity. Ultimately it may require the services of an analytical laboratory to analyze the waste. It must be constantly emphasized to personnel and students to identify and label all wastes and project products with a chemical name.

3.15.11 Red Tags All containers of waste chemicals must have a “Red Tag” attached to them. This “Red Tag” identifies the type of waste the associated hazards and the laboratory or department that created the waste and are available from the Safety Office.

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3.15.12 Storage Waste chemicals stored in containers of one gallon or larger size shall be break-resistant whenever possible.

Waste chemicals stored in breakable containers of one gallon or larger size shall be kept within approved secondary containers.

Break-resistant shall mean a container made of metal, plastic, plastic-coated glass, or metal overpack of glass.

Approved secondary container shall mean a commercially available bottle carrier made of rubber, metal or plastic with carrying handle(s) and which is of large enough volume to hold the contents of the chemical container. Lids or covers are desirable; but not necessary. Rubber or plastic should be used for acids/alkalis; and metal, rubber, or plastic for organic solvents.

3.15.13 Packaging Wastes must be packaged and containerized in a manner, which will allow them to be transported without the danger of spillage, explosion, or hazardous vapors escaping. Wastes, which have not been properly packaged and identified, will not be accepted for disposal.

3.15.14 Paperwork The packing list must include the quantity, chemical name, solid or liquid, hazards associated with the waste, reactive etc. Safety Office personnel will bring the packing list with them when they pick up waste chemicals.

Department or laboratory personnel requesting waste pickup from the Safety Office must fill out a packing list.

3.16 Emergency Response to Chemical Spills

Minor hazardous materials or waste spills that present no immediate threat to personnel safety, health, or to the environment can be cleaned up by laboratory personnel that use the materials or generate the waste. A minor hazardous material spill is generally defined as a spill of material that is not highly toxic, is not spilled in large quantity, does not present a significant fire hazard, can be recovered before it is released to the environment, and is not in a public area such as a common hallway. Such a spill can usually be controlled and cleaned up by one or two personnel.

Major hazardous material and waste spills should be reported to the MIT emergency number (Dial 100) to receive immediate professional assistance and support in the control and clean up of the spilled material. Major hazardous materials or waste spills are generally defined as having a significant threat to safety, health, or the environment. Generally, these spills are a highly toxic material or is spilled in large quantity, may present a significant fire hazard, cannot be recovered before it is released to the environment, or is spilled in a public area such as a common hallway. Upon reporting such a spill personnel should stand by at a safe distance to guide responders and

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spill clean up experts to the spill area. Reporting personnel should also keep other personnel from entering into the spill area.

In the case of a spill that presents a situation immediately dangerous to life or health, or a situation with significant risk of a fire. Personnel should evacuate the area and summon emergency assistance by dialing the MIT emergency number (Dial 100), activating a fire alarm station, or both.

Hazardous material users and hazardous waste generators must be aware of the properties of the materials they use and the waste they generate. Properties of materials are most commonly found in material safety data sheets and many publications. For further information concerning the standard operating procedure on spills of hazardous chemicals, see Appendix A.3. Also a good guide to finding other sources of information is found in "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory".

3.17 Medical Surveillance

3.17.1 Programs Medical surveillance is offered to employees or students exposed routinely to the following hazards are listed in Table 1.

Substance Action Substance Action Asbestos * Noise (Hearing Loss) * Arsenic + Respirator Use ? Beryllium * Thallium + Cadmium + Tower Climbing * Carcinogen + Recombinant DNA + Lasers (Class III or IV) * Infectious Diseases *+ Lead + Ionizing Radiation *+ Mercury +

Note that * indicates Physician Visit; + indicates Laboratory Values and Report Only; and ? means consult the Respirator Policy.

In addition, employees or students who wish to discuss workplace risks, reproductive hazards, allergies, workplace illnesses, or other workplace exposure matters may do so.

3.17.2 Charges There are no charges for employees or students who need these services.

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3.17.3 Purpose 1. The purpose of medical surveillance is, as a secondary means of prevention, to detect

early failures of primary means of workplace protection that may result in workplace illness.

2. Enrollment is ongoing; routine medical surveillance is initiated by dialing 253-5360 or 253-1752.

3. To see a physician about workplace illnesses, allergies, or risks, dial 253-4904.

3.17.4 Enrollment and Compliance Responsibility 1. It is the responsibility of supervisors to identify new employees/students who are

exposed to hazards, and to provide names, work addresses, and social security numbers to the Environmental Medical Service.

2. Individuals not otherwise identified, but who believe that they incur hazardous exposures may request enrollment themselves by dialing 253-5360 or 253-1752.

3. Environmental Medical Service may identify individuals or populations of individuals at risk and invite their participation.

3.17.5 Compliance with Scheduled Appointments 1. It is the responsibility of individuals to appear promptly for scheduled appointments.

2. Environmental Medical Service offers but does not require compliance with scheduled medical surveillance.

3. The departments or other administrative entities may, as a matter of written policy, require enrollment and participation in medical surveillance provided that such requirements apply equally to all affected individuals.

4. Description of Program Elements and Periodicity

Table 1 provides a review of program elements and periodicity.

3.17.7 Invitations for Introductory and Periodic Medical Surveillance 1. Once individuals are enrolled, introductory and periodic invitations are automatically

mailed to them. These invitations are accompanied by appropriate lab slips and directions. On receipt, individuals are still responsible for calling to set up a time of appointment (253-4909).

2. Supervisors who believe that individuals have been inadvertently omitted from medical surveillance may enroll or re-enroll exposed individuals. To receive invitations, call 253-5360.

3. Individuals who believe that they have been inadvertently omitted may enroll or re-enroll. To receive invitations, call 253-5360.

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Additional information including Right of Privacy is presented in Appendix A.6

3.18 Exposure Reporting and Emergency Procedures Any employee who believes they have had an exposure should contact the Chemical Hygiene Officer or the Industrial Hygiene Office (253-2596) for evaluation.

If any employee exhibits adverse health effects they should report to the Medical Department immediately. The Industrial Hygiene Office will evaluate the situation and conduct air sampling if necessary to determine actual exposures. The results of all hazard evaluations and any air sampling data will be available to all occupants of the affected areas. The Chemical Hygiene Officer or the Industrial Hygiene Office can be contacted directly for information. In addition, the results of any personal air sampling conducted will be given to the individual as well as kept in the Industrial Hygiene Office's records. (Results will also be added to the individual's medical records).

Emergencies that can occur in a laboratory include fire, explosion, chemical spill or release, medical or other health threatening accidents. General procedures to be followed in any emergency are:

1. Render assistance to person(s) involved and remove them from exposure to further injury if necessary and if this can be done safely.

2. Notify nearby persons who may be affected and call 100 to report the emergency and seek assistance. (Note that EMS and the Safety Office are on-call 24 hours per day and can be reached by the Operations Center 253-l500).

3. Evacuate the area until help arrives. If necessary, pull the fire alarm to evacuate the entire building.

4. Wait for emergency responders and assist them in handling the emergency.

5. Assist in the follow-up investigation of the emergency.

For the other specific emergencies that may occur in the laboratory space (i.e., chemical spills, fire, explosion, etc.), refer to the specific procedures established by the laboratory.

3.19 Oversight, Annual Review, Record-keeping, Compliance, Enforcement The Laboratory Supervisor or Chemical Hygiene Officer is responsible for establishing and maintaining records for employee training, employee and environmental monitoring and quantity of chemicals stored in the work place. In practice, the Chemical Hygiene Officer may assist with this work.

The Laboratory Supervisor or Chemical Hygiene Officer should enforce the Chemical Hygiene Plan by making sure the Chemical Hygiene rules are known, and followed. The Chemical Hygiene Officer advises and assists in this work and helps with documentation.

The Chemical Hygiene Officer will assist with chemical hygiene and housekeeping inspections. When there are significant changes in existing policies or work practices, an inspection should be conducted soon after the new process is implemented.

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The Industrial Hygiene Office is available to assist the Chemical Hygiene Officer in the inspection process and in all related matters.

The Chemical Hygiene Officer will review and update the Chemical Hygiene Plan annually.

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A. APPENDIX

A.1 “The OSHA Lab Standard” 29CFR19l0.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories; Final Rule 55FR2l, pp. 3327-3335, January 31,1990.

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A.2 The George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory Safety Guide

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A.3 “Standard Operating Procedures on Spills of Hazardous Chemicals.” A copy of the document “Standard Operating Procedures on Spills of Hazardous Chemicals” is attached to the following page. This document outlines the standard procedures to be followed in the event of a hazardous chemical spill in the G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory.

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Standard Operating Procedures For Spills of Hazardous Chemicals

G.R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory

MIT

These Standard Operating Procedures describe the steps to be taken (1) to prevent the spill of a hazardous chemical, and (2) to respond to a chemical spill that has occurred. (3) Information about spill kits is also given.

(1) Preventing a Spill The possibility of a spill and preparation for handling it should be anticipated in setting up your experiment. Appropriate precautions will alleviate many associated complications.

Before using a hazardous chemical:

• Familiarize yourself with the potential hazards of that chemical. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS's) are a valuable source of information. Each laboratory has a notebook of MSDS's of the hazardous chemicals used in that laboratory. Whenever you add a new chemical, you should add the MSDS sheet to that notebook. Information on hazardous chemicals and procedures for handling them can also be obtained from books available in the Science Library and the Industrial Hygiene Office (56-235).

• Evaluate the type of toxicity of the hazardous chemical (i.e., corrosive, irritant, sensitizer, carcinogen) and the possible routes of exposure (i.e., inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, injection). Evaluate hazards of flammable and explosive chemicals.

• Select appropriate procedures to minimize exposure. Wear appropriate eye protection and protective apparel.

• Ask yourself, what is the worst that could happen? Ask yourself if you are prepared to handle such a situation. Do not underestimate risks, and consider substituting less hazardous materials, techniques, and equipment.

• Be prepared for accidents. Know what specific action you will take in the event of a chemical spill. Know the location of the laboratory spill kit, be familiar with the location of the nearest fire alarm and telephone, and know emergency telephone numbers.

• Have a knowledgeable colleague review your experimental design and safety procedures to judge the adequacy of the precautions and emergency steps.

• Purchase only the amount of hazardous material that will be used within a reasonable period, in the smallest container that is practical.

• Plan the transportation of hazardous materials to avoid heavy traffic areas and times. Use hazardous materials inside the chemical fume hood.

• Use secondary containers, metal cans, or plastic-coated bottles for storing and transporting.

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• Do not place glass containers of chemicals on the floor.

• Take precautions to avoid fallen or leaking gas cylinders.

(2) What to do when a Spill Occurs Whoever causes a minor spill must clean it up. The Industrial Hygiene Office (3-2596) provides advice on the proper clean-up techniques and personal protective equipment.

However, some spills may be too large or too dangerous for laboratory personnel to handle, in which case the Industrial Hygiene Office will work with you to arrange for a professional spill team to come in.

Minor Chemical Spill

• Alert people in the area that a spill has occurred.

• Use personal protective equipment (provided in the spill kits located in each laboratory) to protect yourself during the clean up. Avoid breathing vapors from the spill.

• Avoiding risks of injury or contamination, confine the spill to a small area. Prevent the spill from entering any drains.

• Neutralize/absorb the spill with shakers for acids, caustics, and solvents using the spill kits located on each floor of the building 6A and the Biophysics Laboratory and also use the clean up materials provided in the spill kits located in each laboratory.

• Collect residue, place in an appropriate container, label with a red tag, and dispose of as hazardous waste. Contact the MIT Safety Office (3-4736) for a hazardous waste pickup.

• Clean the spill area with water. Major Chemical Spill

• Alert people in the lab that a spill has occurred and ask them to evacuate; close doors to the affected area.

• Attend to injured or contaminated persons and remove them from exposure. If necessary, request help by calling the Campus Police, emergency number 100.

• If you feel you have been exposed to any hazardous material, report to MIT Medical for an evaluation.

• Report the emergency (3-1212 or 100) and contact the Industrial Hygiene Office (3- 2596) for cleanup assistance-

• If spilled material is flammable, turn off ignition and heat sources if it can be done safely.

• If it can be done safely, block off any drains where the spill may enter .

• Have a person knowledgeable about the incident and laboratory stand by to assist emergency personnel. If chemicals are known, provide MSDS' s for the emergency response team.

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(3) Spill Kits Each floor of the building 6A and the biophysics laboratory are equipped with the spill kits, which contain shakers for neutralizing/absorbing a wide variety of:

• acids (Spill-X-A)*

• caustics (Spill-X-C)*

• solvents (Spill-X-S)* Also, each laboratory is equipped with spill kits which contains:

• Personal protective equipment: goggles and gloves that are chemical-resistant.

• Spill control pillows and wipes

• Disposal bags to collect the spilled material and contaminated clean-up materials. Be aware of the location of spill kits. They should be checked on a regular basis.

* Name of the neutralizer/absorber.

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A.4 Laboratory Exhaust Hood Annual Surveillance Data and Certificate Fume hoods are surveyed annually by the Industrial Hygiene Office. The survey consists of measuring the face velocity of the hood and using a smoke stick to visually check its containment effectiveness. If the hood passes both the face velocity and smoke containment tests, the hood certification label is updated. If the hood does not pass the survey and the problem is so severe that the fume hood is unsafe for use, then it is labeled with a "DO NOT USE" sign. If the problem if less severe so that the fume hood can still be used even though it does not pass the fume hood survey, it is not updated and a list of problem hoods is sent to the Chemical Hygiene Officer along with a description of the problem.

If the problem is one that physical plant can correct (e.g. a slipping fan belt, cracked duct work, etc.) then Industrial Hygiene Office submits a work order to physical plant to have it repaired. Physical plant notifies Industrial Hygiene Office when the repairs have been made and the fume hood is resurveyed. If it is a problem that relates more to users (e.g. a cluttered hood) then Industrial Hygiene Office notifies the Chemical Hygiene Officer. It is the Chemical Hygiene Officer's responsibility to get the problem corrected and contact the Industrial Hygiene Office to resurvey the fume hood. It is the responsibility of the Chemical Hygiene Officer to notify Industrial Hygiene Office if a fume hood does not have a current certification date (not more than one year old). See listing attached for periods covered by this Chemical Hygiene Plan.

The average face velocity criteria used for most hoods at MIT is 100 feet per minute. The only exception is Building 18 where because of the laboratory layout, 80 feet per minute is considered acceptable.- The hood face is divided into nine equal areas and face velocity is measured in the center of these equal areas. Each measurement must be within 20 percent of the accepted average face velocity criteria. The nine readings are averaged and the face velocity at the fully opened sash height is indicated on the survey label. If the face velocity average is less than 100 feet per minute then the sash height that does produce a 100 feet per minute average will be found and the hood so labeled. This will be a hood label with a line that indicates the maximum safe operating sash height. The sash will not be lowered below a reasonable working height (usually 20 inches); Instead, an increase in airflow will be recommended.

Once the face velocity measurements are completed, the containment tests are conducted on the hood with smoke sticks. The hood face is traversed with a smoke stick to observe the air flow patterns. No back flows, which result in release of smoke from the hood, are permitted. If they exist the hood is not updated and goes on the list of uncertified hoods with a description of what Industrial Hygiene Office believes is causing the containment problem.

The type of hood and the physical condition is noted on the hood worksheet. If parts of the fume hood are missing such as the air foil or side panels this will be noted. Removal of air foils usually produces a hood with unacceptable containment.

Biological cabinets are also surveyed on an annual basis if they are vented to the outside. This survey also consists of a face velocity measurement and a smoke test and an updating of the Industrial Hygiene Office Biocabinet label. It is not the NIH Biocabinet Certification, which requires an aerosol challenge of the HEPA filters. The Industrial Hygiene Office recommends that biocabinets be certified on an annual basis and whenever moved. It is the responsibility of the Chemical Hygiene Officer to see that they be done as required.

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If there is any question about a fume hoods operation the Industrial Hygiene Office should be called immediately. When a new fume hood is installed, it is the responsibility of the Chemical Hygiene Officer to see that no hazardous substances are used in the hood until it is surveyed and labeled by Industrial Hygiene Office. If any changes of any kind are made to the fume hood system, Industrial Hygiene Office should be notified so a hood survey can be conducted.

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A.5 Air Monitoring Results Within 15 days of receiving monitoring results, the Chemical Hygiene Officer/Industrial Hygiene Office shall notify the employee in writing either individually or in writing.

All air monitoring results will be kept on file by the Chemical Hygiene Officer and also at the Industrial Hygiene Office. They are available for review upon request.

Copies of air monitoring results for laboratory areas covered by this Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be stored here and the copy of this plan kept in Environmental Medical Service/ Industrial Hygiene Office.

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A.6 Names, Extensions of Persons Covered by the Chemical Hygiene Plan The names and contact information of all employee, staff, and students associated with the G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory are maintained by the Chemical Hygiene Officer's Departmental Laboratory and are updated as changes occur. This document is included in the following pages.

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A.7 Medical Surveillance

A.7.1 Right To Privacy Your medical surveillance results are private. They are part of a medical record that is kept within the Medical Department. The only individual who can initiate the dissemination of this information outside of the Medical Department is you.

A.7.2 Right To Information You have the right to be informed of the results of your medical surveillance, and this will happen normally as a matter of course.

1. Physician Visit

If your surveillance involves a physician or other provider visit, you will be informed of findings at the time of your visit.

2. Laboratory Results only, or Incomplete Information At Time of Physician Visit

If complete surveillance information is not given to you at the time of provider visits, because surveillance involved la b work only or because the full information was not yet available at the time of the visit, you will receive a letter informing you of results

3. Questions About Results or Incomplete Reporting

If you have not received complete information about an encounter within one month from the time of " the visit, or if you have questions about the information received, please ca112S3-5360 to obtain additional information.

A.7.3 Rights Of Supervisors Supervisors have a right, and sometimes a legal duty, to know if individuals are medically fit to perform certain kinds of work (such as wearing respirators on the job).

Supervisors are not entitled to know diagnoses, medical findings, or other personal information in the medical record.

When supervisors need information, the information given to supervisors is in one of three categories:

1. Fit to perform the operation

2. Not fit to perform the operation

3. Fit to perform the operation with the following specific restrictions (weight limits, time limits, equipment limits, etc.).

The respirator qualifications form on the next page is necessitated by Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations, and it provides an example of information given to supervisors. Additional information can be given to supervisors only at the patient's written request.

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A.8 Record-keeping Forms, and Annual Audit Forms A copy of the “Research Project Application” submitted to MIT Laser Biomedical Research Center of the G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory is attached to the following page.

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A.9 Purchase of Chemicals in Large Containers and/or Quantities A copy of the form “Approval to Purchase Chemicals in Large Containers and/or Quantities” is attached to the following page. This form is submitted to the Industrial Hygiene Office for approval.

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A.10 List of Small Cylinder Toxic Gases Approval Forms

A.10.1 NON-RETURNABLE COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS

Non-returnable cylinders are advertised as disposable but must not be thrown into the trash. The safe disposal of this type of cylinder is costly and it is difficult to fmd a qualified disposal contractor for certain specialty gases. Therefore, compressed gases must either be bought in returnable cylinders or the vendor must agree to take back used non-returnable cylinders. To order and return cylinders contact the current service vendor, BOC Gases at x3- 4761 (fax 3-4968).

1. Best Option

Ask the vendor to supply your desired gas in a returnable cylinder instead of a non-returnable cylinder.

2. Second Option

If the vendor will not agree to do the above, ask the vendor if the non-returnable cylinder can be returned after use.

3. Third Option

Before processing the requisition, the researcher must document that the above options can't be used and that either the department has assumed the cost to dispose of the non-returnable cylinder (up to $575 or the current disposal cost), or the Requisitioner or Requisitioner Department agrees in writing to exhaust the residual gas and dismantle the cylinder using procedures that have been reviewed by the Industrial Hygiene Office and/or the Safety Office (refer to the attached forms).

In either case, the requisitioner or requisitioner's department agrees to take responsibility for permanently marking the non-returnable cylinder (such as with a vibrating tool) with the date received, name of the company, the gas and name of requisitioner' s department.

If the above conditions have been met, then the Safety Office will consider approving the requisition.

Copies of this agreement will be kept on file in the requisitioner's department the Office of Laboratory Supplies and the Safety Office and attached on the following page.

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A.11 List of Signature Control Chemicals The following is abstracted from Purchasing Procedures, Section 4.

4.2.3 Hypodermic Needles and Syringes a. Hypodermic needles and syringes are purchased primarily by the vendors of Laboratory

Supplies for stocking purposes, or by the General Purchasing Office (GPO), for items not stocked by vendors, under a license which is granted the Institute by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.

b. Controls -Signature Authorization 1. Each requisition to the Purchasing Agency for hypodermic needles and/or syringes

must bear the approval signature of an Institute member with the title: Department Head, Laboratory Director, Professor, M.D., or Pharmacist.

2. For the purpose of repeat withdrawals from the stockroom, these persons may delegate blanket approval authority to responsible persons by submitting a written authorization to the stockroom which specifically authorizes named individuals, and displays the actual signature of each individual named to approve requisitions which provide for the withdrawal of hypodermic needles and/or syringes from stock.

3. These authorized signature lists are duplicated and maintained by the the Stockroom Supervisor's office, and the issuing stockroom.

4.2.4 Ethyl Alcohol (Tax-Free Alcohol) a. Tax-free alcohol may only be purchased by the vendor or supplier for stocking purposes,

under a license, which is granted by the United State Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

b. Controls -Signature Authorization 1. Each requisition for withdrawal of tax-free alcohol must bear the approval signature

of an Institute member with the title: Department Head, Laboratory Director, Professor, M.D., or Pharmacist.

2. For the purpose of repeat withdrawals from the stockroom, these persons may delegate blanket approval authority to responsible persons by submitting a written authorization which specifically authorizes named individuals, and displays the actual signature of each individual named to approve requisitions which provide for the withdrawal of tax-free alcohol from stock.

3. These authorized signature lists are duplicated and maintained within the headquarters office, the Stockroom Supervisor's office, and the issuing stockroom.

4.2.5 Poisons a. The following substances are highly poisonous and are under Signature Control:

Potassium Cyanide (Analytical Reagent) Potassium Cyanide (Purified)

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Sodium Arsenite (Analytical Reagent) Sodium Cyanide (Analytical Reagent)

b. Controls -Signature Authorization 1. Each requisition to the Purchasing Agency for any of the substances listed above

must bear the approval signature of an Institute member with the title: Department Head, Laboratory Director, Professor, M.D., or Pharmacist.

2. For the purpose of repeat withdrawals from the stockroom, these persons may delegate blanket approval authority to responsible persons by submitting a written authorization which specifically authorizes named individuals, and displays the actual signature of each individual named to approve requisitions which provide for the withdrawal of these substances.

3. These authorized signature lists are duplicated and maintained by the headquarters office, the Stockroom Supervisor's office, and the issuing stockroom.

4.2.6 Nitrous Oxide Gas a. Nitrous oxide gas is dangerous if misused. It may only be purchased by the vendor. b. Controls - Each requisition received for nitrous oxide gas is verified by the vendor by

telephone with the account supervisor or his/her authorized representative (approver of requisition) that the gas requisitioned is required for an approved application. The name of the verifier and the date of verification is entered on the requisition.

4.2.7 Toxic and Flammable or Combustible Materials a In accordance with Federal and State laws, producers, repackagers, and distributors of

toxic and flammable or combustible materials must prominently and permanently label all containers of such materials to identify the product, the danger(s) involved, and the precautions to take for its handling and use.

b. Receivers and end-users of such materials must be sure to handle and use the materials in accordance with the instructions provided.

c. Deliveries of containers, which are or appear to be damaged, should not be accepted by Receiving Room personnel. Deliveries of containers, which are accepted, and which are subsequently found to be or to appear to be damaged should not be handled. but should immediately be reported to the MIT Safety Office.

4.2.8 Explosive a. Explosives include: cannon ammunition, explosive projectiles, grenades, Deta sheets,

bombs, mines, torpedoes, rocket ammunition, small arms ammunition, T.N.T., rocket propellant, black powder, primers, fuses, percussion caps, blasting caps, fulminate of mercury, smokeless powder, model rocket engines, explosive igniters, and mortar shells.

b. The requisitioner/user of explosives must posses (1) a valid permit issued by the Fire Department for the use, storage and handling of explosives (permits must be renewed annually), and (2) for Class A or Class B explosives, a valid Certificate of Competency issued by the Massachusetts Department of Public Safety.

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c. The Safety Office maintains records of Institute of personnel who have been issued permits and Certificate of Competency.

d. Purchasing Agency processing: 1. Forward requisitions received for explosives to the Safety Office, which will (a) verify

that permits and Certificates of Competency have been issued, (b) assist requisitioners/users in obtaining permits and Certificates of Competency.

2. Requisitions, which are signed (approved) and returned by the Safety Office may be converted to purchase orders.

4.2.9 Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) a. The requisitioners/user of LPG must possess a valid permit issued by the Fire Department

(permits must be renewed annually). b. The Safety Office maintains records of Institute personnel who have been issued permits.

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A.12 Policy on the Identification and Disposal of Chemical, Biological, and Radioactive Substances (in Laboratories and Other Work Areas)

The following is abstracted from Section 8-10 and 8-11 of the Institute Safety Manual.

Purpose: To assure that persons working with chemical, biological or radioactive substances properly label all containers of such substances. Requirements: Contents of all containers or apparatus containing or contaminated with such substances be identified by chemical name. All chemicals must be identified with the chemical name, not symbols or abbreviations. Enforcement: Supervisors, advisors, or other persons responsible for organizing and directing work will be required to enforce compliance with the provisions of this policy by all persons whom they supervise. The supervisor of any person who is to vacate the laboratory (or other work area) shall first arrange for the proper disposal or storage of all chemical, biological, and radioactive substances. The supervisor shall require that all substances be identified, containerized and labeled before releasing or reassigning the laboratory or work area to the next occupant. Disposal: Unwanted substances not requiring inactivation in the laboratory shall be disposed of through existing Institute disposal procedures outlined in the MIT ACCIDENT PREVENTION GUIDE published by the Safety Office and in Part III subpart O (Waste Disposal) of this plan. Packaging, labeling, and disposal of radioactive materials are handled by procedures established by the Radiation Protection Office (3-2180). Publicity and Monitoring: Departmental Safety Committees will post, publish, circulate or otherwise announce annually the requirements of this policy to all affected personnel within the department. Departmental Safety Coordinators in their normal day-to-day activities will check for compliance with this policy and report to their supervisors violations in their areas of responsibility.

MATERIAL SAFETY DA TA SHEETS (M.S.D.S.) Material Safety Data Sheets, (MSDS) are bulletins prepared by manufacturers to summarize the health and safety information about their products. At MIT, you can easily obtain Material Safety Data Sheets from the Safety Office.

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Material Safety Data Sheets come in many formats and present the information in different ways. Regardless of the format, the information that is required by OSHA includes:

Product Identity Reactivity Hazards Hazardous Ingredients Spill Clean-Up Physical/Chemical Properties Protective Equipment Fire and Explosion Hazards Special Precautions Health Hazard

A User's Guide to Material Safety Data Sheets follows and is also available from the Safety Office. Consult with the Safety Office and the Industrial Hygiene Office to apply this general information to your work situation. USER'S GUIDE TO MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Material Safety Data Sheets (abbreviated MSDS) are prepared by manufacturers to summarize the health and safety information about their products. TO OBTAIN MSDS's

• Ask your Safety Coordinator or safety committee representative if your laboratory or department has an MSDS file.

• Or, call the Safety Office (3-4736). They maintain MIT's central MSDS file

• Or, call the manufacturer

• Below is the most important information that OSHA requires to be on an MSDS.

• For assistance with interpreting and applying this information to your experiment or work situation, consult with the Industrial Hygiene Office (3-2596) and/or the Safety Office (3-4736).

SECTION ONE / IDENTY

• Trade name used on the label and inventory list

• Manufacturer's name, address, and emergency telephone number

• Preparation and revision dates HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS *CHEMICAL and COMMON NAMES of all the hazardous components *MAXIMUM OCCUPATIONAL LIMITS OF EXPOSURE: ACGIH TLV : OSHA PEL These are not proven safe levels of exposure. If the exposure limit is not listed, don't assume that a chemical is safe. Contact the Industrial Hygiene Office.

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*Percentage of the mixture (optional) The percentages do not usually add up to 100% since only the hazardous ingredients have to be listed. This is NOT a trade secret recipe. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS *VAPOR PRESSURE-a measure of a liquid's tendency to evaporate *VAPOR DENSITY -is a vapor or gas lighter or heavier than air *APPEARANCE and ODOR - depending upon your senses to detect or identify hazardous materials is like playing Russian roulette The Industrial Hygiene Office and Safety Office consider these -properties as well as how you work with a hazardous material to evaluate the risks, which vary greatly depending on how a material is used. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA *FLASH POINT - the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors, which when mixed with air, can be easily ignited by a spark. The lower the flash point, the greater the risk of fire or explosion. Remember it's the vapors that burn, not the liquid. REACTIVITY DATA Reactivity, in this context, is the tendency for a material to chemically change or breakdown and to become more dangerous. Precautions include:

*CONDITIONS TO A VOID-such as light or heat. *MATERIALS TO AVOID-for example: sodium and water will react vigorously to generate hydrogen creating a fire hazard.

HEALTH HAZARD DATA If you need health hazard information that is not on an MSDS, contact the Industrial Hygiene Office (Ext. 3-2596) or the Environmental Medical Service Occupational Health Screening program (Ext. 3-5360). ROUTES OF ENTRY How a hazardous material can enter your body: Inhalation, Skin Absorption, and Ingestion SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS (ACUTE) Symptoms may be felt immediately after the first brief contact, like: bums, watery eyes, sore throat.

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LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS (CHRONIC) Symptoms may be felt after repeated contact with the same hazardous material over a long period of time

• References that list a chemical as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen

• Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

• Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

• Emergency and First-aid Procedures **If you are concerned about a chemical exposure you may have had, report to the MIT Medical Department and bring the MSDS with you, if possible. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE *SPILL AND LEAK PROCEDURES-The Environmental Medical Service (3-5360) can advise you on specific procedures and provide protective equipment. According to MIT policy, the person who creates a spill is responsible for the clean-up.

• Waste Disposal-At MIT, call 3-4736 for a hazardous waste pick-up. CONTROL MEASURES The Industrial Hygiene Office can answer specific questions regarding ventilation and personal protective equipment for normal working conditions and emergencies. Suitable control measures are based on how a material is used.

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A.13 Guidelines for Handling Waste Oil in Bulk Quantities

A.13.1 Identification Drums of waste oil need to be identified with the department name and the contents of the drum.

A.13.2 Drum The drums used to store waste oil should be in good condition. Avoid storing oil in drums, which may be rusty or may leak at a future time.

A.13.3 Inside Storage The area where the drums are to be stored should be a suitable inside area that is preferably cool and dry.

A.13.4 Outside Storage An outside storage area for drums should be protected from the weather, i.e., in a shed or enclosed area with a roof.

A.13.5 Secure Area Contents of the drums are as identified and belong to the department involved. The department may want to have an individual assigned responsibilities for this area so that persons cannot dump waste oil without authorization.

A.13.6 Paperwork If the disposal contractor/vendor who removes the waste oil is making out a manifest then copy number 6, 7, and 8 of the manifest should be sent to the Safety Office for processing. When copy number 3 of the manifest is returned to you by the transporter, it also should be sent to the Safety Office. The Safety Office will supply the EPA generator number if required.

A.13.7 Cost Disposal vendors may charge for the removal of the waste oil and may charge by the gallon. There may also be charges to analyze the waste oil. Vendors who remove empty barrels for reconditioning or disposal are also charging for this service.